Criminal Code of Canada, 162.
(1): (“Criminal
Ontario
Photographers
Rights
Charter of Rights and
Freedoms
Everyone in Canada has the fundamental
freedom of thought, belief, opinion, and
expression, including the freedom of press and
other media of communication.
Basically this provides every Canadian the
freedom to take photographs and use methods
to share those photographs. This does not
mean that those photographs may be used in
any and all manners that the photographer
wishes though.
Privacy Act
The privacy act is often wrongly assumed to
provide personal privacy to individuals when in
public.
In fact the privacy act only protects personal
information that is submitted to the
government.
Privacy Act, 2.:
The purpose of this Act is to extend the present
laws of Canada that protect the privacy of
individuals with respect to personal information
about themselves held by a government
institution and that provide individuals with a
right of access to that information.
Where can I photograph?
A photographer can take a photo anywhere
that the photographer is legally allowed to be.
This includes but is not limited to:


Your own property
Public property
 Private property with permission of
owner
The laws regarding where you can legally be
are beyond the scope of this pamphlet to
properly describe and annotate
Unless otherwise notified a photographer
may take photographs when legally on private
property.
What can I photograph?
Assuming no others laws are being broken you
may photograph anything you can see.
Despite common misconceptions this
includes:
 Children
 Accidents
 Fire scenes
 Infrastructure
 Residential buildings
 Industrial buildings
 Criminal activity
 Law enforcement officers
The most notable exception and basic rule of
thumb on whether the subject was legally
photographed is considered “reasonable
expectation of privacy”.
Anybody that has a “reasonable expectation
of privacy” cannot be legally photographed,
even if other laws are being followed.
For example, a couple in an intimate
embrace cannot be photographed from the
sidewalk through their window. If the couple
were outside and in the same embrace then
they could be photographed legally.
What is publishing?
Publishing can roughly be defined as
displaying for viewing. This can include:
 Print in newspaper, book, magazine,
etc.
 Display in gallery
 Posting online
Posting online is not limited to social media
sites or password protected sites.
What can I publish?
Your right to publish photographs is
protected under section 2b of the charter of
rights and freedoms
Any photograph may be published with these
exceptions:
 You do not own
 Would interfere or threaten national
security
 Would interfere with a large number
of Canadian lives
 Name or photo of a minor convicted
or charged with an offence
 A recognizable person endorsing a
product or service without model
release
 Image modified to deliberately
mislead or misrepresent what an
identifiable person is doing
Who owns a photograph?
Ontario does not have a law that gives each
person a right to their image. This means that
an image of a person is solely owned by the
creator of that image.
A notable exception to this is when a
photographer is working for somebody else.
Then, unless otherwise stated through
contract, the employer owns the copyright to
the image.
Can I be forced to delete
photos?
With very few exceptions nobody can force
you to destroy your personal property. This
means you cannot be forced to delete memory
cards or expose your roll of film.
Notable exception is where the photograph
jeopardizes national security.
Some relevant law
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:
2.b):
freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression,
including freedom of the press and other media of
communication;
Voyeurism”)
Every one commits an offence who,
surreptitiously, observes – including by
mechanical or electronic means – or makes a
visual recording of a person who is in
circumstances that give rise to a reasonable
expectation of privacy
Trespass to Property Act, 2.:
Every person who is not acting under a right or
authority conferred by law and who,
(a) without the express permission of the
occupier, the proof of which rests on the
defendant,
(i) enters on premises when entry is prohibited
under this Act, or
(ii) engages in an activity on premises when the
activity is prohibited under this Act; or
(b) does not leave the premises immediately
after he or she is directed to do so by the occupier
of the premises or a person authorized by the
occupier,
is guilty of an offence and on conviction is liable
to a fine of not more than $2,000. R.S.O. 1990, c.
T.21, s. 2 (1).
Where can I get more
information online?
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:
http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/charter/
Criminal Code of Canada:
http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/C-46/
Trespass to property act:
http://www.canadalegal.com/gosite.asp?s=1900
Privacy Act:
http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/p-21/index.html
General overview and links:
http://ambientlight.ca/
Notable Quote.
“Bottom line……… if it is
viewable to the public, I
see nothing wrong with
taking a picture of it.”
- Superintendent Dave Pickford, Windsor Police
Service
Version 1.0
February 10, 2011