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isolated
Impious
Norton I consider that she was to all intents and purposes a pure woman till her
last fall [her final moving in with Alec in phase 7]. Then she was a mere corpse
drifting in the water to her end - an absolutely irresponsible being."-
http://www.online-literature.com/forums/showthread.php?23907-is-tess-a-pure-
woman
De la una din cele mai remarcabile fete Tess a ajuns sa fie aratata cu degetul
“He thought that public opinion was probably right in regarding it (Tess) as its
best novel; but he had put too much feeling into it to recall it with pleasure”
https://books.google.ro/books?id=uDhBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT190&lpg=PT190
&dq=with+too+much+feeling+to+recall+it+with+pleasure+hardy&source=bl&
ots=C4YkH4Elkk&sig=BjYdN-
t7dX7DrEAkmBILfD73ZGo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjb2PGYvNDTAh
UGYVAKHSHKBAgQ6AEIJjAB#v=onepage&q=with%20too%20much%20fe
eling%20to%20recall%20it%20with%20pleasure%20hardy&f=false
Grandour
Unhealable wound
Eagerness
creed
As the time passed, sexual activity bécame less restrictioned, premarital se becoming something acceptable
and frequent
It is difficult to separate the effects of the gens from those of the environment - for the concl
I cannot think of any need in childhood as strong as the need for a father's protection. Sigmund Freud
Read more at: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/s/sigmund_freud.html
The conscious mind may be compared to a fountain playing in the sun and falling back into the great
subterranean pool of subconscious from which it rises. Sigmund Freud
Read more at: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/s/sigmund_freud.html
The social pressure to efface/suppress the emotions related to sexuality
Abnegation
Self restraint advocated by the Evangelical doctrine/ outcome of the Evangelical principles/
Evangelism had an impact on the perception of ardent emotions/passion and considered them
undesirable/ inappropriate
Religious devotion/zeal
The focus was on individual and his responsibility towards the community
difference between the sexes in terms of rationality- unpredictable emotional nature, women
were considered/seen as unable to control their overpowering impulses – women were associated
with excessive emotions
Considering his family background, Hardy was familiarized with questions related to passions
and impulses. His mother, named Jemima, was pregnant when she married his father, this was
not the only case in his family. His great-grandmother and both his grandmothers gave birth
before exchanging the wedding vows. They “flouted the rules of sexual behavior as laid down by
the Church and gentry.” (Tomalin 17) Resembling them, many of Thomas Hardy’s female
characters had the same fate and he shows sympathy to his struggling fictional characters rather
than condemnation. He empathizes with them, but does not intervene, letting them be judged by
the laws of the society.
The code of values of the Victorian Age
Although surprising and contrasting, he supports his Eve who has fallen by attacking the conventional
notions and perceptions of purity and unjust moral standards. Tess should not be judged by her actions
alone, not considering her intentions. She is a young poor girl pushed by circumstances/necessity to leave
home with the desire to earn her living.
The human psyche is governed by passions and impulses Passion and impulses, woman are
strong and capable
Arguments against a woman’s subservient role were present in the minds of the feminists also
before the nineteenth century.
The desire to break free from conventions and from society’s expectations brings punishment.
Each person fights a fight, firstly with itself and also with the world surrounding us. Her trial and
death are symbolically the proof for her defeat in front of the society, but a triumph for moral
rectitude.
Thomas Hardy emphasized the need for an ameliorating Christian response towards the
fallen woman rather than downright condemnation.
She distinguishes between flesh and soul. She may not have a pure body, but most importantly her soul is
pure. tess is pure, her fall is part of the past. Pg 255
https://books.google.ro/books?id=EpaeYbG280EC&pg=PA545&dq=michael+millgate+thomas+hardy+bi
ography&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLyLG5m-
LSAhWBHRQKHcYaCoUQ6AEIGDAA#v=onepage&q=tess&f=false – miseltoe tess finds out
hanged270/ the name of the novel first sue... 272/ 277 respingere de catre ed, 283/ 293 critiques
148 carte neagra citat despre fallen body and spirit great for the end
respingerea lui Angel a fost mai devastatoare decat tot ce a facut Alec
Peisajul exterior- ce effect are asupraei -significance in ppl and places- m mulligan 272/
Angel’sname 273 mulligan/
ess esteprinsaintre Alec si Angel, this clash leaving tess devastated Ambiguity pg 281 mulligan /
Rosemary pg 201/
Historical context – th hardy introduction and feminism XIV/ Hardy’s interest in women
Alienation, estrangement changing manners and morals, more precisely stereotypical gender roles
and gendered social interaction.
The beautiful girl from the quiet rural town of Marlott has something special which detaches her from the
others, a sparkle kept hidden inside of her, unseen by many who tend to judge her on the surface: moral
strength, conscience, spirituality. She distinguishes between flesh and soul.
The changing conditions of rural labour, factional disputes within the Church of England, the
class structure of society, the National School movement, all take their place…to ensure that the
novel bestows a challenging contemporaneity upon its tale of the maiden seduced and
abandoned. (Juliet Grindle XIII)Chapter II (practical)
Thomas Hardy uses his literature as a medium to express his … Through his novel Tess he
attacks the prudery of the Victorian society and the sexual double standard.
Some aspects from Hardy’s life reveal the general nature of his inner vision which dictated what
and how to wrote / His melancholic dispossiton reflects in his book in the anguish of his / His
life conditions impacted on the creation of characters and situations.
Thomas Hardy’s work is plentiful of moral and ethical dilemmas. His works focus on love
matters. There is a synchronicity between his personal life and his literary output. His internal
reflections and debates are mirrored in his fictional characters’ behavior.
Hardy showed compassion for the underprivileged and for those oppressed by the laws of
religion and state.
The novel highlights how religion has lost its Christian message/
the most controversial social and personal debates are illustrated in his literature
Is Tess a victim of the very strict cannons of Church, of the Victorian society, of her heredity and
of the important persons in her life or is she responsible for her fate?
Thomas Hardy illustrates in his novel how human consciousness in conflict with itself and with
others./
Subservient role
So, is there hope? When a Christian engages in premarital sex, or when one who has lost his/her
virginity comes to Christ, the Holy Spirit will convict of the sin, and there will be grief over it.
However, it’s important—even vital—to remember that there is no sin beyond the reach of the blood
of Jesus. If we confess, He will not only forgive, but will cleanse us from “all unrighteousness” (1
John 1:9). Furthermore, in addition to the forgiveness (which is in itself glorious), God restores. Joel
2:25 tells us that God is able to restore the years that the locust has eaten, and that’s what
premarital sex is—a locust that consumes our sense of self, our self-esteem, and our perception of
forgiveness. Scripture also tells us that, when we come to Christ, we are new creations (2
Corinthians 5:17), so one who engaged in premarital sex prior to conversion is recreated by God into
a new person; the old is gone, the new has come.