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microcontroller to switch ON/OFF the LEDs.

Thus
Street Lights that Glow this way of dynamically changing intensity ON/OFF
helps in saving a lot of energy. The project uses 8051
on Detecting Vehicle microcontroller.

Movement
II. ARCHITECTURE OF
Ayush Garg
STREET LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
Electronics and Communication Department,
Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh. The system is designed as a modular system, easily
extendable. The measuring stations are used to
ayushgarg756@gmail.com
observe street conditions depending on the intensity
of daylight, based on the conditions they activate or
Abstract - The project is designed to detect vehicle
off the lamps. Other factors influencing the activation
movement on highways to switch ON only a block
of street lights ahead of vehicle and to switch OFF are: climatic conditions, seasons, geographical
the trailing lights to save energy. During night all location, and many possible alternative factors.
the lights on the highway remain ON for the
vehicles, but lots of energy is wasted when there is For these reasons every lamp is designed independent
no vehicle movement. to decide about the activation of light.

I. INTRODUCTION
This proposed system provides a solution for energy
saving. This is achieved by sensing an approaching
vehicle and then switches ON a block of street lights
ahead of the vehicle. As the vehicle passes by, the
trailing lights switch OFF automatically. Thus, we
save a lot of energy. So when there are no vehicles on
the highway, then all the lights remain OFF.
However, there is another mode of operation where
instead of switching OFF the lights completely, they
remain ON with 10% of the maximum intensity of
the light. As the vehicle approaches, the block of
street lights switch to 100% intensity and then as the
vehicle passes by, the trailing lights revert back to
10% intensity again. High intensity discharge lamp
(HID) presently used for urban street light are based Fig 1: Schematic of E-Street light system.
on principle of gas discharge, thus the intensity is not
controllable by any voltage reduction. White Light
Emitting Diode (LED) based lamps are soon
replacing the HID lamps in street light. Intensity
control is also possible by Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM) generated by the microcontroller. Sensors
used on either side of the road senses vehicle
movement and sends logic commands to
is shown in Figure 3 and control flow in Figure 4.
III. LIST OF COMPONENTS When the signal is detected at the point S, the state of
lamp A switched (On to Off or Off to On), when the
• VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM 7805) signal gets detected at the point B, the states of lamp
A and lamp C are switched on or off simultaneously,
• 8051 MICROCONTROLLER while point D detects the signal, lamp C and lamp E
are switched on or off simultaneously, while S’
• LEDS detects the signal, lamp E is switched on or off.

• Op-Amp(LM358)

• RESISTORS

• CAPACITORS

• IR sensor pairs

• Transformer

• Rectifier

Fig 3: Streetlights schematic


IV. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 2:Ckt. Dig. of Automatic Street Lights

V. METHODOLOGY USED

The street light control system adopts a dynamic


control methodology. According to this, the initial
state of the lights is set as off. Street light schematic Fig 4: The control flow chart
VI. TECHNOLOGY USED VII. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED

The Intel 8051 microcontroller is one of the most SYSTEM


popular general purpose microcontrollers in use
today. The success of the Intel 8051 spawned a The proposed system consists of ATmega8
number of clones which are collectively referred to as microcontroller, PIR sensor, light dependent resistor
the MCS-51 family of microcontrollers, which and real time clock.
includes chips from vendors such as Atmel, Philips, Street lights are switched on depending on the
Infineon, and Texas Instruments. The Intel 8051 is an intensity of the Sun light on LDR. If the intensity of
8-bit microcontroller which means that most Sunlight on light dependent resistor is low, its
available operations are limited to 8 bits. There are 3 resistance value is high. This value increases and
basic "sizes" of the 8051: Short, Standard, and becomes high when it is completely in dark. This
Extended. The Short and Standard chips are often resistance value decides when the street lights are
required to switch ON.
available in DIP (dual in-line package) form, but the
As the resistance value is maximum in the midnights,
Extended 8051 models often have a different form
real time clock comes into the play. The controller
factor, and are not "drop-in compatible". All these checks peak time during which there is no traffic and
things are called 8051 because they can all be switch OFF the lights. When there is any vehicle on
programmed using 8051 assembly language, and the road, it is detected by the PIR sensor.
they all share certain features (although the Whenever PIR sensor is detected it just indicates the
different models all have their own special features). microcontroller to switch on the street lights. Then
lights are switched on for 2 to 3minutes and switched
Some of the features that have made the 8051 popular off automatically.
are: Another way to this approach is, one can maintain
minimum intensity without completely switching off
 4K the lights by using PWM and switch them on to
 B on chip program memory. maximum intensity whenever it detects the vehicle.
 128 bytes on chip data memory (RAM).
 4 register banks.
 128 user defined software flags.
 8-bit data bus
 16-bit address bus
 32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits
 16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or
less).
 3 internal and 2 external interrupts.
 Bit as well as byte addressable RAM area of 16
bytes.
 Four 8-bit ports, (short models have two 8-bit
ports).
 16-bit program counter and data pointer. Fig 5: Block Diagram
 1 Microsecond instruction cycle with 12 MHz
Crystal.
8051 models may also have a number of special, VIII. ADVANTAGES
model-specific features, such as UARTs, ADC,
Operation Amplifiers, etc... It is a very powerful • Power saving
microcontroller.
• LEDs consume less power

• Easily implementable

• Low running cost


IX. DISADVANTAGES indebted to JETKING INST. OF
HARWARE AND NETWORKING,
The only disadvantage of this project is that the
Chandigarh for giving us an opportunity
Capital Cost is high.
to carry out our project on “” at their
X. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS esteemed organization. We would
specially thank Ms Aditi Sharma,
The project can be enhanced by using appropriate Project Guide, JETKING Chandigarh
sensors for detecting the failed street light and then
for giving time and guidance throughout
sending an SMS to the control department via GSM
modem for appropriate action. our training without whom it would
have been impossible to attain
XI. INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS success.Ours heartiest thanks to
Trainees at JETKING Chandigarh for
• It can be used in real time street lights and
helping us throughout the project
highways also.
tenure.
• It can be used for lights in parking areas of
XIV. REFERENCES
industries, hotels, restaurants, etc.
[1] www.electronicsmanufacturers.com
XII. CONCLUSION
[2]www.slideshre.com/automaticirrigatinsystem
The project is designed for LED based street lights using using555timer.
8051 microcontroller. A number of LED street lights glow
for a specific distance ahead, on sensing an approaching
[3]WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
vehicle and then switches OFF once the vehicle passes by. [4]WWW.KPSEC.FREEUK.COM
Thus a lot of energy is saved in this process. Optionally,
dimming feature can be used in this system while no [5]www.engineersforyou.com
vehicles are passing on the road.

XIII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the very outset, we are highly

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