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1.1.Cargas de Servicio
𝑃𝑐𝑝 = 300 𝑡
𝑀𝑐𝑝 = 35 𝑡. 𝑚
𝑃𝑐𝑣 = 200 𝑡
𝑀𝑐𝑣 = 25 𝑡. 𝑚
𝜎𝑎𝑑𝑚 = 4.0 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 (𝐸𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑜 𝐴𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑜)
𝐹´𝑐 = 280 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝐾 = 6 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
𝑃𝑠 6∗𝑒
𝜎= (1 ± )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
𝑀𝑠
𝑒= 𝑃𝑠
𝑀𝑠 = 𝑀𝑐𝑣 + 𝑀𝑐𝑝 → 𝑀 = 25 𝑡. 𝑚 + 35 𝑡. 𝑚 = 60 𝑡. 𝑚
60𝑡. 𝑚
𝑀𝑠 = = 0,11𝑚
525𝑡
6∗𝑒
> 1 (𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛)
𝐵
6 ∗ 0,11𝑚
= 0,17 < 1
4𝑚
Nota: No hay tracción, la zapata no se levanta.
𝑃𝑠 6∗𝑒
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (1 + )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
525.000𝑘𝑔
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 400𝑐𝑚∗400𝑐𝑚 (1 + 0.17) = 3,84𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
3,84𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 ≤ 4 𝐂𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞
𝑃𝑠 6∗𝑒
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (1 − )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
525.000𝑘𝑔
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (1 − 0.17)
400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 400𝑐𝑚
= 2,72𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
2,72𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 ≥ 0 𝐂𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞
Nota: Si quiero disminuir los lados de la zapata debo chequear que el 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 no sea mayor
que 𝜎𝑎𝑑𝑚 y el 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 no sea menor que cero.
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
1.5.Zapata Rígida 𝝀𝒍 < 𝟑
𝐵 ∗ ℎ3
𝐼=
12
𝐾 = 6 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
4 𝐾 ∗𝐵 𝐾∗𝐵 3 𝐾 ∗ 𝐿4
𝜆= √ → 4
∗𝐿 ≤3 →ℎ≥ √
4𝐸𝐼 √ 𝐵 ∗ ℎ3 27 ∗ 𝐸
4 ∗ 𝐸 ∗ ( 12 )
3 6 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 3 ∗ 4004 𝑐𝑚
ℎ≥√
27 ∗ 252.671 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
ℎ ≥ 28,24 cm
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 30 𝑐𝑚
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
1.6.Diseño del espesor por Punzonado 𝒉 = 𝟓𝟎𝒄𝒎
Perímetro Crítico
𝑑 =ℎ−𝑟
𝑑 = 50𝑐𝑚 − 7,5𝑐𝑚 = 42,50𝑐𝑚
𝑑 42,5𝑐𝑚
→ = 21,25𝑐𝑚
2 2
𝑏𝑜 = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑏𝑜 = 2 (𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 2𝑑)
𝑏𝑜 = 2 ∗ (80𝑐𝑚 + 80𝑐𝑚 + 2 ∗ 42,5𝑐𝑚) =490cm
𝑃𝑢 = (1,2 ∗ 𝑃𝐶𝑃 + 1,6 ∗ 𝑃𝐶𝑉)
𝑃𝑢 = (1,2 ∗ 325𝑡 + 1,6 ∗ 200𝑡) = 710𝑡
𝐴𝑧 = 𝐶1 ∗ 𝐶2
𝐴𝑧 = 400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 400𝑐𝑚 = 160.000𝑐𝑚2 (𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑍𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑎)
𝐴𝑜 = (𝐶1 + 𝑑) ∗ (𝐶2 + 𝑑)
Ao = (80cm + 42,5cm) ∗ (80cm + 42,5cm) = 15.006,25𝑐𝑚2
𝑃𝑢
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢 − ∗ 𝐴𝑜
𝐴𝑧
710𝑡
𝑉𝑢 = 710𝑡 − ∗ 15.006,25 = 643,41 𝑡
160.000𝑐𝑚2
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
Ver capítulo 11.9.2 COVENIN 1753:2006
1.06
𝑉𝑐 = [(0.53 + ) √𝐹´𝑐 ∗ 𝑏𝑜 ∗ 𝑑] 𝐄𝐜. (𝟏𝟏 − 𝟑𝟐)
𝛽𝑐
𝑉𝑐 = (1.06√𝐹´𝑐 ∗ 𝑏𝑜 ∗ 𝑑) 𝐄𝐜. (𝟏𝟏 − 𝟑𝟒)
Se toma el menor de los dos valores.
∅ = 0,85 (𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝐓𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐚(𝟏𝟕. 𝟒. 𝟐) 𝐂𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐍 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟑: 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟔
𝐶2 80𝑐𝑚
𝛽𝑐 = → =1
𝐶1 80𝑐𝑚
𝐶1= 𝐿𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑎
𝐶2= 𝐿𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑎
1.06
𝑉𝑐 = [(0.53 + ) √280𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 490cm ∗ 42,50𝑐𝑚] = 554.065,55 𝑘𝑔
1
𝑉𝑐 = 1,06√280𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 490𝑐𝑚 ∗ 42,5𝑐𝑚 = 369.377,04 𝑘𝑔
Se toma el menor 𝑉𝑐 = 369.377,04 𝑘𝑔
Ver capítulo 11.9.4.2 COVENIN 1753:2006
𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑐
643.410 𝑘𝑔 ≤ 0,85 ∗ 369.377,04 𝑘𝑔
643.410 𝑘𝑔 ≤ 313.970,48 𝑘𝑔 No Cumple
d = 62,5cm
d/2 = 31,25cm
𝑏𝑜 = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑏𝑜 = 2 (𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 2𝑑)
𝑏𝑜 = (80𝑐𝑚 + 62,5𝑐𝑚) ∗ 4 = 570𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑜 = (𝐶1 + 𝑑) ∗ (𝐶2 + 𝑑)
Ao = (80cm + 62,5cm) ∗ (80cm + 62,5cm) = 20.306,25𝑐𝑚2
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
𝑃𝑢
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢 − ∗ 𝐴𝑜
𝐴𝑧
710𝑡
𝑉𝑢 = 710𝑡 − ∗ 20.306,25𝑐𝑚2 = 619,89 𝑡
160.000𝑐𝑚2
d = 72,5cm
d/2 = 36,25cm
𝑏𝑜 = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑏𝑜 = 2 (𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 2𝑑)
𝑏𝑜 = (80𝑐𝑚 + 72,5𝑐𝑚) ∗ 4 = 610𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑜 = (𝐶1 + 𝑑) ∗ (𝐶2 + 𝑑)
Ao = (80cm + 72,5cm) ∗ (80cm + 72,5cm) = 23.256,25𝑐𝑚2
𝑃𝑢 + 𝑝𝑝
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢 − ∗ 𝐴𝑜
𝐴𝑧
710𝑡
𝑉𝑢 = 710𝑡 − ∗ 23.256,25𝑐𝑚2 = 606,80 𝑡
160.000𝑐𝑚2
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
Asumiendo h=40cm
𝑃𝑢 6 ∗ 𝑒𝑢
𝜎= (1 ± )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
𝑀𝑢
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢
𝑃𝑝 = 𝐵 ∗ 𝐿 ∗ ℎ ∗ 𝛾𝑐
𝑃𝑝 = 4𝑚 ∗ 4𝑚 ∗ 0,40𝑚 ∗ 2500𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 = 16000𝑘𝑔/𝑚 ≈ 16𝑡
𝑃𝑢 = (1,2 ∗ 𝑃𝐶𝑝 + 1,6 ∗ 𝑃𝐶𝑣) + 1,2 ∗ 𝑃𝑝
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
𝑃𝑢 = (1,2 ∗ 300𝑡 + 1,6 ∗ 200𝑡) + 1,2 ∗ 16𝑡 = 699,20𝑡
𝑃𝑢 6 ∗ 𝑒𝑢
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (1 + )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
699.200𝑘𝑔
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (1 + 0.18) = 5,16𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 400𝑐𝑚
𝑃𝑢 6 ∗ 𝑒𝑢
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (1 − )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
699.200𝑘𝑔
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (1 − 0.18) = 3,58𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 400𝑐𝑚
1,58𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 𝜎
=
400𝑐𝑚 312,5𝑐𝑚
1,58𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 312,5𝑐𝑚
𝜎= = 1,23𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
400𝑐𝑚
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
𝜎1 = 3,58𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 + 1,23𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 = 4.81𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
5,16𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 + 4.81𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑉𝑢 = ( ) ∗ 400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 87,5𝑐𝑚
2
𝑉𝑢 = 174.475𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑛
∅𝑉𝑛 = 0,85 ∗ (0,53 ∗ √𝐹´𝑐 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑)
𝑘𝑔⁄
∅𝑉𝑛 = 0,85 ∗ (0,53 ∗ √280 𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 32,50𝑐𝑚) = 97.997𝑘𝑔
174.475𝑘𝑔 ≤ 97.997𝑘𝑔 𝐍𝐨 𝐂𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞
Asumiendo h=50cm
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
𝑃𝑢 6 ∗ 𝑒𝑢
𝜎= (1 ± )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
𝑀𝑢
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢
𝑃𝑝 = 𝐵 ∗ 𝐿 ∗ ℎ ∗ 𝛾𝑐
𝑃𝑝 = 4𝑚 ∗ 4𝑚 ∗ 0,50𝑚 ∗ 2500𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 = 20.000𝑘𝑔/𝑚 ≈ 20𝑡
𝑃𝑢 = (1,2 ∗ 𝑃𝐶𝑝 + 1,6 ∗ 𝑃𝐶𝑣) + 1,2 ∗ 𝑃𝑝
𝑃𝑢 = (1,2 ∗ 300𝑡 + 1,6 ∗ 200𝑡) + 1,2 ∗ 20𝑡 = 704,00𝑡
𝑀𝑢 = 1,6 ∗ 𝑀𝑐𝑣 + 1,2 ∗ 𝑀𝑐𝑝 → 𝑀𝑢 = 1,6 ∗ 25 𝑡. 𝑚 + 1,2 ∗ 35 𝑡. 𝑚 = 82 𝑡. 𝑚
𝑀𝑢
𝑒𝑢 =
𝑃𝑢
82𝑡. 𝑚
𝑒𝑢 = = 0,12𝑚
704,00𝑡
6 ∗ 𝑒𝑢 6 ∗ 0,12𝑚
= = 0,18
𝐵 4𝑚
𝑃𝑢 6 ∗ 𝑒𝑢
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (1 + )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
704.000𝑘𝑔
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (1 + 0.18) = 5,19𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 400𝑐𝑚
𝑃𝑢 6 ∗ 𝑒𝑢
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (1 − )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
704.000𝑘𝑔
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (1 − 0.18) = 3,61𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 400𝑐𝑚
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
1,58𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 𝜎
=
400𝑐𝑚 322,5𝑐𝑚
1,58𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 322,50𝑐𝑚
𝜎= = 1,27𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
400𝑐𝑚
5,19𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 + 4.88𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑉𝑢 = ( ) ∗ 400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 77,5𝑐𝑚
2
𝑉𝑢 = 156.085𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑛
∅𝑉𝑛 = 0,85 ∗ (0,53 ∗ √𝐹´𝑐 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑)
𝑘𝑔⁄
∅𝑉𝑛 = 0,85 ∗ (0,53 ∗ √280 𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 400 ∗ 42,50𝑐𝑚) = 128.151𝑘𝑔
156.085𝑘𝑔 ≤ 128.151𝑘𝑔 𝐍𝐨 𝐂𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞
Asumiendo h=60cm
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
𝑃𝑢 6 ∗ 𝑒𝑢
𝜎= (1 ± )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
𝑀𝑢
𝑒𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢
𝑃𝑝 = 𝐵 ∗ 𝐿 ∗ ℎ ∗ 𝛾𝑐
𝑃𝑝 = 4𝑚 ∗ 4𝑚 ∗ 0,60𝑚 ∗ 2500𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 = 24.000𝑘𝑔/𝑚 ≈ 24𝑡
𝑀𝑢
𝑒𝑢 =
𝑃𝑢
82𝑡. 𝑚
𝑒𝑢 = = 0,11𝑚
728,00𝑡
6 ∗ 𝑒𝑢 6 ∗ 0,11𝑚
= = 0,17
𝐵 4𝑚
𝑃𝑢 6 ∗ 𝑒𝑢
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (1 + )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
728.000𝑘𝑔
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (1 + 0.17) = 5,32𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 400𝑐𝑚
𝑃𝑢 6 ∗ 𝑒𝑢
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (1 − )
𝐵∗𝐿 𝐵
728.000𝑘𝑔
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (1 − 0.17) = 3,78𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 400𝑐𝑚
1,54𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 𝜎
=
400𝑐𝑚 332,5𝑐𝑚
1,54𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 332,5𝑐𝑚
𝜎= = 1,28𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
400𝑐𝑚
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
5,32𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 + 5,06𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑉𝑢 = ( ) ∗ 400𝑐𝑚 ∗ 67,5𝑐𝑚
2
𝑉𝑢 = 140.130𝑘𝑔
∅𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑛
∅𝑉𝑛 = 0,85 ∗ (0,53 ∗ √𝐹´𝑐 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑)
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
1.9.Diseño de Acero por Flexión:
1,54𝑘𝑔/𝑚2 𝜎
=
4𝑚 2,80𝑚
1,54𝑘𝑔/𝑚2 ∗ 2,80𝑚
𝜎= = 1,08𝑘𝑔/𝑚2
4𝑚
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Ing. Miguel Ángel Vielma Montes
C.I.V 78.824
1.10. Calculo de Acero
𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠 =
∅ ∗ 𝐹𝑦 ∗ 𝐽𝑢 ∗ 𝑑
5.006.800 𝑘𝑔. 𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = = 25,59𝑐𝑚2
0,90 ∗ 4200𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 ∗ 0,90 ∗ 57.5𝑐𝑚
3,88𝑐𝑚 ∗ 100
𝑆= = 15,16𝑐𝑚 → ∅ 7⁄8 ´´ 𝐶/15𝑐𝑚 → 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟
25,59𝑐𝑚2
𝐴𝑠∅ ∗ 100
𝑆 =
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛
1,27𝑐𝑚 ∗ 100
𝑆= = 11,76𝑐𝑚 → ∅ 1⁄2 ´´ 𝐶/11𝑐𝑚 → 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟
10,80𝑐𝑚2
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