Final Report1

Pro-Metric Center Management System
Pro-metric Center Management System (PCMS) is a proposed application

software, which is to be developed for an Educational Institute and it will
assist in performing day-to-day operations (e.g. Registration for the
examination, Conducting the examination, Evaluation of the examination,
Generating the report etc.) of the institute and that is why the name ‘Pro-
metric Center Management System’.
Pro-metric Center Management System is a system, which is designed to
handle the examination of multiple choice and true false type question.
Examinees can take any type of professional/technical exam such as SCJP,
SCWD,OCA,OCP,ISTQB etc on any of the selected pro-metric center on there
selected time slot. By this automation process booking a slot has become a
very simple and timely process. Questions occur in the examination are
selected randomly during the examination from huge database. Examination
hours can be set on the basis of type of the examination by the
administrator. Data entry operator can enter questions on different subject
to the database through this system. After completion of the examination
the system generates a details report including percentage of marks and the
strong and weak point on the related subject on which the examination is
conducted. Before appearing in the examination examinees have to register
for the examination and they get their username and password, which is
used to check the validity of the examinee at the time of examination. Pro-
metric Center Management System provides very interactive user-friendly
environment. In manual system, which is time consuming and error-prone,
we see that most of the employees are busy in doing just paper works and
maintaining documents, reports etc. Also the flow of information is very slow
and is not secure. There is always a chance of unauthenticated access of
data. Manual system requires large no. of personnel in comparison to
automated system and it becomes costly affair.
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The proposed system (Pro-metric Center Management System) will be able

to perform all operations of the current manual system effectively with
reduced cost. Also it will require less manpower and low maintenance. The
proposed system will be very user friendly and it will require less effort to get
acquainted with the system.
Prime objective of the Pro-metric Center Management System is to reduce
the complexity of the manual system controlling the examination require a
large number of human resources at various stages e.g., preparing questions
sets, Observing the examinee, Evaluating the answer sheet ,Preparing report
and result etc. Pro-metric Center Management System considers these points
primarily and provides such a system in which the involvement of human
resources is minimal.
Second objective of the system is to reduce the stationary material used in
the examination. In the manual system lot of stationary is used in various
stages from registration to the result published. During registration
examinees fill various forms after then sorting and short listing is done. Then
in the examination period lot of paper is used as main question paper and
the answer-sheet. Answer-sheet evaluations, preparing the report, publishing
the result are also a stationary consuming activity. All the aforesaid points
are considered in the preparation of the Pro-metric Center Management
System.
Third objective of the system is to provide strong security. Question paper
leak is the great threat of any manual examination system. Irrespective of
strong security system there is always a chance of security leakage and
question paper out. Pro-metric Center Management System is full proof
system in this system there is no chance of leakage of question paper
because question sets are selected randomly during the examination from
huge database of question on different subjects. Even administrator cannot
say about the question
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At the current competition time, the professionals have to take various

certifications such as SCJP, SCWD, OCA, OCP, ISTQB etc to keep them
updated with the growing market demand. To under take this certification
test they have to go to institutes to provide them the facility to take the test.
Initially it was a manual process, which requires a lot of time and
management, person have to wait for the slot provided to them only, but
now automating this process one can give test as per there availability and
convenience. After integrating all modules the PCMS can be used to manage
all activities of the examination automatically. This system performs all
operations of the current manual system effectively with reduced cost. Also
it requires less manpower and low maintenance. This system is very user
friendly and it requires less effort to get acquainted with the system.
Prime objective of the Pro-metric Center Management System is to reduce
the complexity of the manual system controlling the examination require a
large number of human resources at various stages e.g., preparing questions
sets, Observing the examinee, Evaluating the answer sheet.
Second objective of the system is to reduce the stationary material used in
the examination. In the manual system lot of stationary is used in various
stages from registration to the result published. The aforesaid points are
considered in the preparation of the Pro-metric Center Management System.
Third objective of the system is to provide strong security. Question paper
leak is the great threat of any manual examination system. Irrespective of
strong security system there is always a chance of security leakage and
question paper out. Pro-metric Center Management System is full proof
system
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System Analysis is the first major phase of the software development life
cycle.
System analysis is a management technique used in designing a new
system, improving an existing system or solving a system problem
by the use of scientific techniques in order to determine where and
how improvements can be made with the view to meet objectives
in a more efficient, effective and economical manner i.e. System
analysis is the process of gathering and interpreting the facts,
diagnosing problems and using the facts to improve the system.
Once the developers have determined the required software, it’s the best
time to analyze the type of software that could answer the problems
encountered. System analysis will take a look at possible software. The goal
of a system analysis is to know the properties and functions of software that
would answer the concerns solicited from intended users.
System Analysis would lead in determining the requirements needed in

software. These requirements in software should be implemented otherwise
the software may not answer the concerns or may lack in its usage. This
stage will somehow determine how the software should function.
Identification of need (Customer requirement)

It’s what the need of developing this software product is. It is because of
following reasons:
In manual system, which is time consuming and error-prone, most of the

employees are busy in doing just paper works and maintaining documents,
reports etc. Also the flow of information is very slow and is not secure. There
is always a chance of unauthenticated access of data. Manual system
requires large no. of personnel in comparison to automated system and it
becomes costly affair.
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So the management of ‘Pro-metric Center Management System’ on the

demand of their staff has decided to automate the examination operations of
its institute to improve its productivity.
Preliminary Investigation
Preliminary Investigation is the process to determine the feasibility of the

system and to evaluate project requests. The objective of the Preliminary
Investigation should include:
i.) Clarify and understand the project request
ii.) Determine the size of the project
iii.) Assess costs and benefits of alternative approaches
iv.) Report the findings to management, with recommendations
outlining the acceptance or rejection of the request.
To gather this information we have adopted following methods:
• Reviewing Documents of the Institutes
• Onsite observation
• Conducting interviews
Using these methods we have gathered information about the all-necessary
activities carried out in an educational system. For this we have conducted
many surveys in various educational institutes (e.g. APTECH Computer
Education Rajouri Garden; WEBCOM Institute (Sarswati vihar) ,CMS Computer
Education, South Campus, Dhoula Kuan; Father Agnel Polytechnic, Gautam
Nagar etc.). During survey we have studied different Institutional documents.
During On-site observations we come to know about the office environment,
work load of the system and the users, methods of work and facilities
provided by the Institution. Finally we have conducted interviews from the
users of the Institution to learn more about the nature of the project request
and the reason for submitting it.
Feasibility Study
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Feasibility study is a test of system proposal according to its workability,

impact on the organization, ability to meet user needs, and effective use of
resources. This study is carried out to select the best system that meets
performance requirements. This entails identification, description, and
evaluation of candidate systems and selection of the best system for the job.
During the development of PCMS we have carried out following three
important tests of feasibility:
Economic Feasibility
Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the
effectiveness of a candidate system. More commonly known as cost / benefit
analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are
expected of a candidate system and compare them with costs. If benefits
outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the
system. Otherwise, further justification or alterations in the proposed system
will have to be made if it is to have a chance of being approved. Evaluation

of the economic risk associated with the project. This evaluation must
compare one-time development and recurring system costs with the
economic advantages gained by cost reductions and improved efficiency.
From economic point of view we have found that the PCMS is beneficial for
the institution after automation. The PCMS includes following types of
benefits:
 Cost of paper is reduced: It leads to reduction in cost of paper and
operational costs. For example, after implementing Pro- Metric Center
Management System the cost of question papers and answer sheets is
completely eliminated. This gives so much saving of money, which can
use in other developing work.
 Cost of Security maintenances is reduced: Question paper leak is
the great threat of any manual examination system irrespective of
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strong security system. There is always a chance of security leakage

and question paper out. In PCMS there is no chance of leakage of
question paper because question paper sets are selected randomly
during the examination form huge database of question on different
subject even administrator cannot say about the question of the
examination. So security maintenance cost is reduced.
 Cost of Manpower is reduced: Cost of Manpower to maintain
examination process is reduced because PCMS (a secured examination
system) easily does all work without allowing any unauthorized person
to access the system.
 Improved Service level benefits: PCMS will be beneficial, as it will
perform all implemented activities very quickly. Registering a student
in fifteen minutes rather than an hour is an example of this type of
benefit.
 Improved Information Benefits: The PCMS leads to better
information for decision-making. The PCMS report the performance of
faculty and marketing staffs, which are the very important information
for decision-making. The results clearly tells the student that in which
section how well he did, it enables them to analyze them that which
section requires there more attention.
Technical Feasibility
Technical feasibility centers on the existing computer system (hardware,
software etc) and to what extent it can support the proposed addition. For
e.g.- if the current computer is operating at 80 % capacity - an arbitrary
ceiling – then running another application could overload the system or
require additional hardware. This involves financial considerations to
accommodate technical enhancements.
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The PCMS is developed on the top of SQL Server RDBMS using Integrated
Development Environment provided by VISUALSTUDIO.NET. It is Web based
software, which provides multiprogramming and multi tasking environment.
Thus PCMS is using built in security and recovery feature of SQL Server
RDBMS. Also since the PCMS is developed using ASP.NET(c#) and therefore it
has used event driven and modular programming style. Thus it facilitates for
extendibility i.e. activities for new establishment can be easily added without
affecting the main program with less effort and cost.
Accordance to the definition of technical feasibility the compatibility between
front-end and back-end is very important. In our project the compatibility of
both is very good. The degree of compatibility of Visual Basic and SQL Server
RDBMS is very good. The response time is very fast and gives result are
provided at its quickest. I never find any difficulty when we used complex
query or heavy transaction. The speed of transaction was always constant.
This software provides facility to communicate to remote location.
The designing of front-end of any project is very important so we select

ASP.NET as a front-end due to following reason:
 Easy implementation of code
 Well define interface with database.
 Well define handshaking of SQL Server RDBMS.
 Easy debugging
At present scenario, the numbers of backend are available but I have

selected SQL Server RDBMS because of the following reasons:
 Able to handle large data
 Security
 Robust RDBMS
 Backup & recovery
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With the help of above support we remove defect of existing software. In

future we can switch over to any platform. To ensure the system does not
halt in case of undesired situation or events. If any module gets corrupted
then it may not affect the other modules. A change of hardware does not
produce problem.
In the technical feasibility analysis it is determined that whether the

current equipment or existing software technology and the analysis
resources can develop the system. Therefore the proposed system is
supposed to be technically feasible.
Operational Feasibility
It is common knowledge that computer installations have something to do
with turnover, transfers, retraining and changes in employee job status.
People are inherently resistant to change, and computers have been known
to facilitate change. An estimate should be made of how strong a reaction
the user staff is likely to have toward the development of a computerized
system.
The PCMS provides very good GUI’s to work with the GUI’s are very user
friendly the color combination and its intensity for background and
foreground are very beautiful so the user won’t feel any stress or strain on
their eyes.
The system can be implemented without affecting the current system. So far
as the technical skills to use the PCMS is concerned, even non-technical
person can use the system effectively.
This project also handles unexpected situation and informs to the user in the
correct format, so that right decision can be taken at appropriate situations.
This project is well documented to support management and end-user so
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that problem can be solved at the meantime when it requires. Thus system
requires less effort and time to get acquainted with.
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Project Planning
Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of
schedules such as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the
project environment.
Initially, the project scope is defined and the appropriate methods for completing
the project are determined. Following this step, the durations for the various tasks
necessary to complete the work are listed and grouped into a work breakdown
structure. The logical dependencies between tasks are defined using an activity
network diagram that enables identification of the critical path. Float or slack time
in the schedule can be calculated using project management software. Then the
necessary resources can be estimated and costs for each activity can be allocated
to each resource, giving the total project cost. At this stage, the project plan may be
optimized to achieve the appropriate balance between resource usage and project
duration to comply with the project objectives. Once established and agreed, the
plan becomes what is known as the baseline. Progress will be measured against the
baseline throughout the life of the project. Analyzing progress compared to the
baseline is known as earned value management.
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Project Scheduling
Scheduling is an inexact process in that it tries to predict the future. While it
is not possible to know with certainty how long a project will take, there are
techniques that can increase your likelihood of being close. If you are close
in your planning and estimating, you can manage the project to achieve the
schedule by accelerating some efforts or modifying approaches to meet
required deadlines.
One key ingredient in the scheduling process is experience in the project

area; another is experience with scheduling in general. In every industry
area there will be a body of knowledge that associates the accomplishment
of known work efforts with a time duration. In some industries, there are
books recording industry standards for use by cost and schedule estimators.
Interviewing those who have had experience with similar projects is the best
way to determine how long things will really take.
Failure to meet schedule goals is most often due to unrealistic deadlines,

passive project execution, unforeseen problems, or things overlooked in the
plan.
When preparing a schedule estimate, consider that transition between

activities often takes time. Organizations or resources outside your direct
control may not share your sense of schedule urgency, and their work may
take longer to complete. Beware of all external dependency relationships.
Uncertain resources of talent, equipment, or data will likely result in
extending the project schedule.
Experience teaches that things usually take longer than we think they will,
and that giving away schedule margin in the planning phase is a sure way to
ensure a highly stressed project effort. People tend to be optimistic in
estimating schedules and, on average, estimate only 80% of the time
actually required.
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Software and Language Used
Visual Studio .Net
As window become very popular, Microsoft realized that the Test Qbasic
would not work as a windowed programming language. Microsoft developed
visual basic.net, a language based on BASIC but one much more suited to
today’s windowed environments, where as Qbasic and all other BASIC
incarnations were text based, visual basic.net is graphical.
Microsoft did not create visual basic directly from the original BASIC
language. Although the basic language evolved through several stages over
its 35-plus year history, it kept its primary programming supplied with the
original MS-DOS operating system however it honed the basic language and
added functionally to basic by creating several incarnations of basic with
names.
The language kept its simple nature while gaining powerful new commands
along the way. The text-based nature lf language helps new programmers
get up to speed more quickly than many non text languages such as Visual
C++ do.
An interpreted language makes lets user run programs as users write them.
Interpreted language makes good learning platforms because of their quick
feedback. With Visual Studio, Microsoft taught the programming community
these and other lessons:
1) A basic language can be both simple to understand and

powerful.
2) With the right interface a basic like language works well for a
windows environment.
3) Visual Basic.net can be both an interpreted and compiled
language depending upon the programmer’s requirements.
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4) Instead of being obsolete, a language based on basic can

become one of most widely used language in the world.
Visual Studio.net supports wizard technology to help user to create
programs. A wizard presents step-by-step questions and prompts that we
respond to.
As user responds the wizards generate an application that matches the

criteria we specify. Visual Studio.net offers several wizards such as
application wizard. Visual Studio.net is more than just a programming
language. The secret is in its name Visual. With today’s windows operating
system a program must be able to interact with the screen, keyboard, mouse
and the printer graphically.
Visual Basic comes in several verities including the following:
The Visual Studio.Net Learning Edition: This edition is the introductory

edition that is easily creates Windows applications. It comes with all the tools
need to build mainstream Windows applications.
The Visual Studio.Net Professional Edition: This edition is for computer

professionals and includes advanced features such as tools to develop
ActiveX and Internet controls.
The Visual Studio.Net Enterprise Edition: This edition is the most

advanced edition and is aimed at programmers who build distributed
applications in a team environment.
Event Driven Programming: Visual Studio.net visual nature requires

control such as command buttons, check boxes, and scrollbar because unlike
programs written in older text-based languages. Windows program must
respond to events. An event might come to program from any of these
controls as well as from internal activities such as the PCs clock. Events
come in random order. The user might perform several of these events in a
different order when each time user runs the program.
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An event is an activity that occurs during the execution of program, such as

a mouse click or a keystroke. Event-driven programming applies to the
programming that responds to the windows events.
A Visual Studio program consists of the visual interface that makes up the
windows and controls that the user sees and interacts with. In addition,
programming code connects everything together. Each control is both
automated and set up to respond to the programming code.
Microsoft has the tendency to give something special to the world of

programming. Visual Studio falls in the same line. It is extremely powerful,
state of the art and at the same time easy to use computer programming
environment that enables us to develop Web Application. Its environment
includes everything one needs to create, modify, test and compile the
application. With Visual Studio, one can automate everyday tasks, add
custom required features and functions to suit ones need, and create
applications which makes ones task easier
A user interface consists of FORMS and OBJECTS. This worked as event

driven language. Objects are the items placed in a form such as buttons,
scroll bars etc. These objects have the event associated with, and when
users activate some event the wonder of this programming language begins.
It has many few features. Few of them are mentioned below.
1. ActiveX Control
2. DCOM
3. ADO.Net
4. OLE
SQL Server RDBMS
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A database server is the key to solving problems of information

management. In general, a server must reliably manage a large amount of
data in a multi-user environment so that many users can concurrently access
the same data. All this must be accomplished while delivering high
performance. A database server must also prevent unauthorized access and
provide efficient solutions for failure recovery.
The SQL Server provides efficient and effective solutions with the following
features:
Client /server: To take full advantage of a given computer system or

network.
Environment: SQL Server allows processing to be split between the database

servers (Distributed processing) and the client application programs. The
computer running the database management system all of the database
server responsibilities while the workstations running the database
application concentrate on the interpretation and display of data.
Large databases: SQL Server supports the largest database, which can
contain terabytes
Space management of data: To make the efficient use of expensive

hardware devices. SQL Server allows full control of space usage.
Many concurrent database users: the large numbers of concurrent users

executing a Variety of database applications operating on the same data. It
minimizes data contention and guarantees data concurrency.
Connect-ability/Network: SQL Server software allows different types of

computers and operating system to share information across networks.
High transaction processing performance: SQL Server maintains the

preceding features with a high degree of overall System performance.
Database users do not suffer from slow Processing performance.
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High availability: At some sites, SQL Server works 24 hours per day with
no down time to limit database throughput. Normal system operation such
as database backup and partial system failures do not interrupt database
use.
Controlled availability: SQL Server can selectively control the availability

of data, at the database level and sub-database level.
Openness, industry: SQL Server adheres to industry-accepted standards

for the data access standards language, operating system, user interface,
and network communication protocols. It is an open system that protects a
customer’s investment.
SQL Server also supports the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
standard for system management. This protocol allows administrators to
manage heterogeneous systems with a single administration interface.
Manageable security: To protect against unauthorized database access

and use, SQL Server provides fail-safe security features to limit and monitor
data access. These features make it easy to manage even the most complex
design for data access.
Database enforced Integrity: SQL server enforces data integrity,

business rules that dictate the standards for acceptable data. This reduces
the costs of coding and managing checks in many database applications.
Portability: SQL server software works under different operating systems.

Application developed for SQL Server can be ported to any operating system
with little or no modification.
Distributed system: For networked, distributed environments, SQL Server

combines the data physically located on different computers into one logical
database that can be accessed by all network users. Distributed systems
have the same degree of user transparency and data consistency as no
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distributed systems, yet receive the advantage of local database

management.
SQL Server also offers the heterogeneous option that allows users to access
data on some non- SQL Server database transparently.
Replicated Environment: SQL Server lets you to replicate group of tables

and their supporting objects to multiple sites. SQL Server supports
replication of both data and schema-level changes to these sites. SQL
Server’s flexible replication technology supports basic primary site
replication as well as advanced technology supports basic primary site
replication as well as advanced dynamic and shared-ownership models.
The following sections provide a comprehensive overview of the SQL Server

architecture. Each section describes a different part of the overall
architecture.
SQL Server: The SQL Server is an object-relational database management

system that provides an open, comprehensive and integrated approach to
information management. An SQL Server consists of an SQL Server database
and an SQL Server instance.
SQL Server instance: Every time a database is started, a system global

area (SGA) is allocated and SQL Server background processes are started.
The system global area is an area of memory used for database information
shared by the database users. The combination of the background processes
and memory buffers is called a SQL Server instance.
An oracle instance has two types of processes:
 User processes: A user process executes the code of an

application program (such as an SQL Server Forms application) or
an SQL Server Toll (such as SQL Server Enterprise Manager).
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 SQL Server processes: SQL Server processes are server processes

that perform work for the user processes and background
processes that perform maintenance work for the SQL Server.
Some hardware architecture (for example, shared disk systems) allows

multiple computers to share access to data, software or peripheral devices.
SQL Server with the parallel Server option can take advantage of such
architecture by running multiple instances that share a single physical
database. In appropriate applications, the oracle parallel server allows
access to a single database by the users on multiple machines with increase
performance.
Structure Query Language (SQL)
SQL (pronounced SEQUEL) is the programming language that defines and

manipulates the database. SQL database are relational databases; this
means simply that data is stored in a set of simple relations. A database can
have one or more tables. Each table has columns and rows. A table has an
employee database. For example might have an column called employee
number and each row in that column would be an employee’s employer
number.
We can define and manipulate data in table with SQL statements. We use
data definition language (DDL) statements to set up the data. DDL
statements include statements for creating and altering databases and
tables. We can also update, delete, or retrieve data in a table with data
manipulation language (DDL). DML statements include statements to alter
the fetch data. The most common SQL statement is the SELECT statement,
which allows us to retrieve data from the database.
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Data Utilities: There are three utilities for moving a subset of an Oracle
database from one database to another: Export, Import, and SQL *
Loader.
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Tools/Platform, Languages Used
FRONT END/ GUI TOOLS : ASP.Net, C#.Net, HTML, VB Script
RDBMS/ BACKUP : MS SQL 2000
OPERATING SYSTEM
Hardware Requirements
Server side requirements Client side requirements
Processor : P III Processor Processor : P III Processor
Speed : 1 GHz Speed : 533 MHz
Cache : 256 KB level 2 RAM : 128 MB SD RAM

Cache
Hard Disk
: Min. 8.2 GB ultra 3
or Ultra 1 60SCSI
RAM HDD
Ethernet Card : 256 MB SD RAM
: 10/100 Ethernet
Card
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
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Server side requirements Client side requirements
Operating : Windows 2000 Operating System : Microsoft 2000

System Server/ NT Server Server/ NT Server
Server Tools : Microsoft proxy : Internet

Server 2.0 Internet Browser Explorer 4.0
Information Server
5.0
Browser Microsoft Service

Pack 4.0
: Internet Explorer
5.0 and above
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Software Engineering Paradigm Applied

Method encompasses a brand array of task that includes requirements
analysis, design, program construction, testing and support. To perform
these tasks different strategies are suggested and are often raftered to as
process models or software paradigms.
A process model for s/w engineering is chosen based on the nature of the
project and application. Some popular process models are waterfall model,
prototyping model, incremental model and spiral model.
Pro- Metric Center Management System is developed using spiral

model. It provides the potential for new paid development of incremental
version of s/w. using this model; s/w is developed in a series of incremental
releases. During early iteration, the incremental might be a proper model or
prototype. During later iteration more complete version of the engineered
system is produced.
PCMS has been developed using following framework activities increments or

risk regions: -
• Customer communication
• Fact-finding, interviewing staff of the institute
• Planning
• Risk Analysis
• Construction and release
• Customer evaluation
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Pro-metric Center Management System is developed using

Spiral Model
The spiral model is a realistic approach to the development of large-scale

systems and software. Because software evolves as the process progresses,
the developer and customer better understand and read to risks at each
evolutionary level. The spiral model uses prototyping as a risk reduction
mechanism but, more important, enables the developer to apply the
prototyping approach at any stage in the evolution of the product.
There are four phases in the "Spiral Model" which are: Planning, Evaluation,
Risk Analysis and Engineering. These four phases are iteratively followed one
after other. Iterating the phases helps in understating the problems
associated with a phase and dealing with those problems when the same
phase is repeated next time, planning and developing strategies to be
followed while iterating through the phases. The phases in "Spiral Model"
are:
Plan: In this phase, the objectives, alternatives and constraints of the project
are determined and are documented. The objectives and other specifications
are fixed in order to decide which strategies/approaches to follow during the
project life cycle.
Risk Analysis: This phase is the most important part of "Spiral Model". In
this phase all possible (and available) alternatives, which can help in
developing a cost effective project are analyzed and strategies are decided
to use them. This phase has been added specially in order to identify and
resolve all the possible risks in the project development. If risks indicate any
kind of uncertainty in requirements, prototyping may be used to proceed
with the available data and find out possible solution in order to deal with the
potential changes in the requirements.
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Engineering: In this phase, the actual development of the project is carried

out. The output of this phase is passed through all the phases iteratively in
order to obtain improvements in the same.
Customer Evaluation: In this phase, developed product is passed on to the

customer in order to receive customer’s comments and suggestions which
can help in identifying and resolving potential problems/errors in the
software developed. This phase is very much similar to TESTING phase.
The process progresses in spiral sense to indicate iterative path followed,

progressively more complete software is built as we go on iterating through
all four phases. The first iteration in this model is considered to be most
important, as in the first iteration almost all possible risk factors, constraints,
requirements are identified and in the next iterations all known strategies
are used to bring up a complete software system. The radical dimensions
indicate evolution of the product towards a complete system.
However, as every system has its own pros and cons, "The Spiral Model"
does have its pros and cons too. As this model is developed to overcome the
disadvantages of the "Waterfall Model", to follow "Spiral Model", highly
skilled people in the area of planning, risk analysis and mitigation,
development, customer relation etc. are required. This along with the fact
that the process needs to be iterated more than once demands more time
Planning
and is somehow expensive task.
Customer
Project Communicatio
entry point n
axis Risk Analysis
Engineerin
g
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Customer
Evaluation
Construction &
release
Fig: Spiral Model
PCMS has used this model, as it is very user interactive. In each its creation, we
follow the whole software development life cycle and at the end of each iteration
the customer evaluation is made, so it reduced the probability of misdirection of
project development.
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FLOW CHART
Employee OR Administrator
Accept
Employee
Id and
Password
If Employe
authentic e
Employe Welcome
e Page
Add New
Set Add New Change
Center and
Questions Employee Password
Courses
Sign Out
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Examinee
Accept
User Id and
Password
If User
authentic Welcome
User Page
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form Password
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Page 28 of 157
USE CASE DIAGRAM
Login
Change & Add

Questions
Add Courses
Details
Add
Institutes
Add & Modify

Examinee
Details
Add Employee
Details
Register for
exam
Take exam
and get
result
Page 29 of 157
E-R DIAGRAM
The E-R diagram or entity relationship model was originally proposed by
Peter Chen .The E-R model is a semantic modeling technique, which is useful
in mapping the meaning and interaction of real world enterprises. The
primary purpose of the E-R diagram is to represent the data objects and their
relationships.
ENTITY: An entity is a data object, a thing, an occurrence or event, a role,

an organizational unit, a place or a structure in the real world that is,
distinguishable from all other objects.
ENTITY TYPE: It defines a set of entities that have the same attributes.
 Represents as a rectangle in E-R Diagram.

 Entity type describes a schema for a set of entities that share the
same structure.
ENTITY SET: An entity set is a collection of similar entities, which share

same properties or attributes. Each entity set has a key and each
attribute has a domain. The individual entities that constitute a
set are said to be extension of the entity set.
ATTRIBUTES: Attributes are descriptive properties possessed by each

member of entity set. They can be used to.
 Name an instance of an entity.

 Describe the instance.
 Makes references to another instance in another table.
RELATIONSHIP: It is defined as association among two or more entities. For
example, Ramesh work in pharmacy department. Here Ramesh and
pharmacy department are two different entities. The relationship among
them is that one works in another
Page 30 of 157
VARIOUS COMPONENTS USED IN THE GIVEN E-R

DIAGRAM
SYMBOL NAME SYMBOL

MEANING
RECTANGLE IT REPRESENTS
ENTITY SETS
DIAMOND IT REPRESENTS
RELATIONSHIPS
Page 31 of 157
Student Serial_N
Name
_Id o
Q_Id
User_An
s
Addres Appe
s Selected Question
Examinee ar
Q_I Answe
Q_Id
Subject d r Ha Consis
s t of
Ge
Subject_
ts
Answer Ha Multiple Id
s Choices
Subject_ Option
Giv
Id
es
Giv
True / False es
Total_Ma
rks
Result
Q_I Ha No_of_qu
S_Id Subject_ s
d es_total
Id
Question
Topic_I Ha Alloted_Ti
Selection
d Subject Topic s
me
Format
Topic_descrip Subject_
tion i Id
o ns Ha
C of
st s
Subject_ Subject_
Id Id
Page 32 of 157
Stream Subject Subject_N
ame
Data Flow Diagrams
As information moves through the software, it is modified by a series of

transformation .A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical technique
that depicts information flow and transfers that are applied as data
moves from input to output. The DFD is also known as Data flow graph
or a bubble chart. The data flow diagram may be used to represent a
system or software at any level of abstraction. In fact, DFD’s may be
partitioned into levels that represent increasing information and
functional detail.
The basic notation to create a DFD is:
A rectangle is used to represent an external entity, that is, a system element

(e.g. hardware, person and another program) or another
System that produces information for transformation by the software or
receives information produced by the software.
A circle represents a process or transform that is applied to data (or control)
and changes it in some way.
An arrow represents one or more data items.
An open rectangle represents data store –stored information that is used by
the software, i.e. temporary repository of data.
The simplicity of DFD notation is one reason why structured analysis

techniques are most widely used .The data flow diagram for the
current system is as given in the figure on the next page:
0-LEVEL
Page 33 of 157
Examinee
Examinee
Examinee
Examinee
Pro-Metric
Examinatio Examinatio
Center
n Controller n Controller
Management
System
Examinatio Examinatio
n Controller n Controller
Operator 1.1 Examinee

Examinee
Operator
Enrollment
process
1.2
Operator Data Entry
Operator
Data Entry Data entry
Operator process Operator
Exam
1.3 Controller
Administra
tion
Exam
process
Controller
Selection
1.4 Exam
randomly
process Controller
Exam
Controller 1-LEVEL
1.5
Examinati Examinee
on process
Examinee
1.6
Evaluation
Examinee
& report
generation
Page 34 of 157
Examinee
Eligibility
Criteria
1.2 Examin
ee
Data Entry
Process
Data Entry Report
Operator 1.1.
2-LEVEL
2
Database
1. Enrolment Module Update
1.1.
Examinee
Process
1
Eligibility
Examinatio
Checking
n
Process Controller
Examinatio
n
Controller Examinee
1.1.3
Not eligible
candidate
Data Entry
process Operator
Page 35 of 157
Report
Visitor
Data Entry
Operator
2. Data Entry Module 1.2.
1 1.2.
Validation
2
Checking Task
Process Resolving
Process
Registrati
on
Data Entry
Operator
1.1
1.2.
Registration
Examinee 3Q
Process
Repository
Updation
1.5 rocess Examinee
Evaluation
Process QRepos
itory Data Entry
Page 36 of 157
Operator
Integrated
Report
3. Question Repository Module
1.3. Question
1 selection format
Question
Selection
Process
1.3.2
Random
number
Examinatio generator
n Controller 1.3.
Process
3
Selected Resul
t
Question 1.5
Process
Evaluation
Process
1.4
Page 37 of Selected
157
Examination Question Report
Process
4. Examination Module
1.4.
Registered
1
Examinee Student
Login
Process 1.4.
2
Timer
controlling
Examinee
Process
1.3.
3
Selected
Question
Answer
Navigation 1.5
Process Answer
Handling
Selected
Question Process
1.4
Evaluation
and Report Report
Process
Page 38 of 157 Examinee
Result
5. Evaluation and Report Module
1.4
Examinati
on Process
Examinee
1.5.
1
Comparison Question Bank
Users
Answer
1.5.
Process 2
Marks
Calculation
Process
1.5.
3
Topic Wise
Selection
Marks Details
Process
Report
Subject
Page 39 of 157
Examinee
6. Administrative Process
Policy
Question
1.6. Selection
1
Eligibility Format
Policy
Setting
1.6.2
Process
Question
Examinatio
n Controller Selection
Format Process
1.6.
3
Examination
Policy
Examinatio
Setting
n
Process Controller
Examinatio
n
1.4
Controller
Examination
Process
Page 40 of 157
System design involves first logical design and then physical design
construction of the system. When analysis formulates logical design, they
describe its future, the output, the input, files, databases and procedures.
The statement of these features are termed as design specifications
physical construction, the activity followed logical design procedures
program s/w, files and a working system. Design specification instructs
programmers about what the system does. The programmers in turn write
the program that accept data from the users, process data, procedure
reports and store data.
Principles
• The design should be traceable to the analysis model.

• The design should “minimize the intellectual distance” between the
software and the problem as it exists in the real world
• The design should exhibit uniformity and integration.
• The design should be structured to accommodate change.
• Design is not coding, coding is not design.
System design involves the following process--
1. Data Design
2. Architectural Design
3. Interface Design
4. Component Level Design.
Data Design
The data design transforms the information domain model created during analysis
into the data structures that will be required to implement the software. The data
objects and relationships defined in the entity relationship diagram and the
detailed data content depicted in the data dictionary provide basis for the
Page 41 of 157
data design activity. Part of the data design may occur in conjunction with
the design of s/w architecture.
For the Administrative Module of PCMS we have designed a system that

should maintain database details of member, question selection-format,
subject-topic of PCMS. The system maintains the particulars of all
examinees. Similarly, for the Registration Module we designed database
details of examinee. In the Question Bank Module we designed database
details of true-false and Multiple-choice tables. In the On Line Test Module
we designed database details of selected question table. In the Result and
Report Module we designed database details of result.
Inaccurate input data is the most common source of error in data processing.
Errors entered by the data entry operator can be controlled by the
input design. Input design is the process of converting user - originated
inputs to a computer based formats. The goals of designing input data
is to make data entry as easy, logical and free from errors as possible .In
entering data operators need to know the following points
• Allocated space for each field

• Field sequence, which must match in the source documents.
• The format in which data fields are entered e.g., the data may be of
different formats but the user might be required to enter it only one
format e.g., Different date formats may cause variations in input/ output
Modularization Details
Page 42 of 157
1. Administrative Module
2. Enrollment Module
3. Question Repository Module
4. Evaluation Module
5. Grade and Report Module
Pro-metric center
management system
Question Grade
Enrollmen Repositor and
Administrativ t Modules y Evaluatio Report
e Module Modules n Module Module
Administrative Module:
 User management
 Change password
 Subject Entry
 Set Question Paper
Administrative module performs all controlling activity of the examination
system. It creates users of the system for several purposes. There are mainly
three category of the user exists in the system such as examination
controller, examinee and data entry operator. This module will assist to
manage user (creating user, deleting user, change password of the user etc).
Question paper setting is the major concern of this module. New subject can
be entered in the system through this module because it needs the
permission of administrator. Different policies such as eligibility criteria,
Page 43 of 157
question selection policy, On Line Examination security policy can be set by

administrative module.
Enrollment Module:
 New Examinee Registration
 List of Registered Examinee
Enrollment module handles registration activities in the system. Through this

module examinees are registered for examination. There are mainly four
categories of (level of) Registration is done through this system such as
beginner level, advance level, expert level, guru level. This module will
collect all information of the examinee during the registration process. Some
information is mandatory and some are optional. When examinee gives all
the information correctly then the system will generate a unique registration
number for appearing in the on line test.
Question Repository Module:

 Multiple Choice Question Entry
 True False Question Entry
Repository is the collection of questions for different examination which are
used during on line test. This module will manage all activity of adding new
question to the question bank, deleting the question from the question bank,
modifying the question already exists in the question bank. All questions are
of two types either true false or objective type. Also levels of the questions
are also set to meet those examinees that are registered for different level of
the examination. Questions are entered with many parameters so that
specific question can be selected during the on line test. Each question is
entered with the parameter subject name, topic name, level of the question,
types of the question etc.
Page 44 of 157
Evaluation Module:
 Conducting the Examination
 Select Question Paper Randomly from the Database
Evaluation module manages all activities to conduct the examination. First it

checks the valid examinee through the login window and checks the user
name and password. Then question are selected randomly from huge
database where questions of different subjects are stored. All set of
questions are selected uniquely so that no two examinee get the same
sequence of question. Questions are selected so smartly that even
administrator cannot view the question which is to be asked from examinee
during On Line Test. Timer control is the major part of this module. Each
examinee is allowed a limited time to appear in the examination for each
subject. This module manages time duration of the examination for each
paper. When time is over no single question can be answered. Examinee
only can exit from the on line test. Question navigation can be possible in
this module. Examinee can move next or previous question whether it is
answered or not. Details of the answer sheet can be viewed during the
examination and if examinee wants to change the answer, which is already
answered, he/she is permitted to do so.
Grade and Report Module:

 Result Report according to the Passed and Failed examinee
 Result Report according to the skill set or technical profile
 Strength and Weakness Report of the examinee
Grade and report module handles the evaluation process of the On Line Test.
This module checks and compares the answer given by the examinee and
the standard answer, which is already stored in the database. Total correct
answer is then evaluated on the basis of predefined marks. This module also
Page 45 of 157
generates detailed report about the result such as total appeared

examinees, total passed examinees, and total failed examinees. It also
generates specific result i.e., topic wise in the specific subject. Strength and
weakness of the examinee in specific subject is also can be generated
through this module.
Architectural Design
The architectural design defines the relationship between major structural elements
of the software, the “design patterns” that can be used to achieve the requirements
that have been defined for the system, and the constraints that affect the way in
which architectural design patterns can be applied. The architectural design
representation – the framework of a computer-based system - can be derived from
the system specification, the analysis model, and the interactions of subsystems.
Although millions of computer based systems have been created over the past 50
years, the vast majority can be categorized into one of these relatively small
numbers of architectural styles –
 Data – centered architectures ( this approach has been followed in the “On
line Examination Security System”)
 Data – flow architectures
 Call and return architectures
 Object – oriented architectures
 Layered architecture
Component Level Design

Component-level design defines the data structures, algorithms, interface
characteristics, and communication mechanisms allocated to each component
Page 46 of 157
Page 47 of 157
CONSTRAINTS USED
Constraints are used to put restrictions on the type of data that can be
entered into the database. SQL provides different types of constraints; we
had used few of them in our database according to our requirements. These
are:
 Primary Key
This constraint is used to create the primary key on one of the field
of the tables. The field made primary key should contain all unique
values also it should not contain any null value. This constraint is
used to remove redundancy in the data as well as make searching
of the records very easy and fast. For example:
• In Member table field named User_Id is made the

primary key because it enables to recognize each
record uniquely.
• In Subject_topic table field named topic_IDis made the
primary key key because it enables to recognize each
record uniquely.
 Foreign Key
This key is based on the basis of the primary key of some other
table. This used to establish a relation between different tables.
• In Question_Selection_Format table a foreign key is

subject_id, which makes the primary key of the subject
table
Page 48 of 157
 Check
This constraint provides the facility to enter only the values
specified into the field none another them that. If this constraint is
set so it will not accept any different value then specified.
o User_type field in member type, there can be only

two types of users, either a examinee or an
administrator(employees).
 Not Null
This constraint is used to set the restriction on the fields due to
which they can’t contain the null values. In our database various
fields bears this constraint.
Page 49 of 157
Data Dictionary
Member Table
Column Name Data Type Length Null-able
User_Id Varchar 6 No
Password Varchar 25 No
Address Varchar 50 No
City Varchar 20 Yes
State Varchar 20 Yes
Pin Varchar 6 Yes
Phone Varchar 15 Yes
Email Varchar 50 Yes
Nationality Varchar 20 Yes
DOB Date No
Gender Varchar 6 Yes
User_name Varchar 25 No
User_type Varchar 15 No
Subject_topic Table
Topic_id Varchar 6 No
Topic_description Varchar 50 No
Subject_id Varchar 6 No
Question Selection-Format Table

Page 50 of 157
Topic Varchar 40 No
Subject Varchar 20 No
Alloted_time Varchar 3 No
LVL Varchar 10 No
Qn_type Varchar 16 No
No_of_qn_total Number 3 No
No_of_qn_topic Number 3 No
Subject Table
Subject_name Varchar 40 No
Stream Varchar 40 No
True_false Table
Qid Varchar 6 No
Question Varchar 2000 No
Ans Varchar 4 No
Page 51 of 157
Topic_id Varchar 6 No
LVL Varchar 15 No
Multiple_choice Table
Qid Varchar 6 No
Question Varchar 2000 No
Option1 Varchar 400 No
Ans Varchar 4 No
Topic Varchar 6 No
LVL Varchar 15 No
Result Table
Page 52 of 157
Ctrl_No Varchar 6 No
Total_marks Number 4 Yes
Marks_Obtained Number 3 Yes
Topic_percentage Number 3 Yes
Subject Varchar 50 Yes
Examinee Table
Examinee_id varchar 6 No
Name varchar 25 No
Address varchar 50 No
Phone_no varchar 15 Yes
City varchar 15 Yes
Email varchar 50 Yes
DOB Date No
Subject Varchar 20 Yes
Gender Varchar 20 Yes
Subjectcount Number 2 Yes
Optlevel Varchar 10 No
Page 53 of 157
Selected_qn Table
Qid varchar 6 No
Serial_no number 3 No
Question varchar 2000 No
Option1 varchar 400 Yes
Ans Varchar 4 Yes
User_ans Varchar 4 Yes
Page 54 of 157
INTERFACE DESIGN
The interface design is the how the application looks like, what types of
screens are available to the users to work with. This tells about the GUI of
the application and showcase the user-friendliness of application.
Login Page
This allows the user of the application to login in the application and proceed
with the further work as per there authorization.
Employee Welcome Screen
Page 55 of 157
This is the screen which an authentic employee of the PCMS will get after
entering there credentials in the login screen.
New Center Added

Page 56 of 157
This screen appears when any new center is added by an employee.
New Course Added

This screen will appear when any new course is added by the employee.
Page 57 of 157
Registration Screen
There are two different screens to register for both the users
(Employee/Examinee).
Page 58 of 157
EMPLOYEE REGISTRATION
Page 59 of 157
EXAMINEE REGISTRATION
Set Question
Page 60 of 157
This screen allows employees to set the papers for different topics.
Change Password
Screen is used to change the password.
Page 61 of 157
User Welcome Screen

This screen will appear in front of the examinee after logging through the
login screen. This screen will enables them to do various desired activities.
Page 62 of 157
Exam Center Screen

This allow examinees to see the details of various exam center and select as
per there choice.
Page 63 of 157
Course Details
Allows examinees to see the courses and there respective fees.
Page 64 of 157
Page 65 of 157
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Start Exam
This screen will visible to examinee after clicking on the Start Exam.
Page 67 of 157
Page 68 of 157
Feedback Screen
This allows the user to submit there feedback to the center as per which new
improvement can be done.
Page 69 of 157
Page 70 of 157
Complete Project Coding
Employee Registration
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SQLClient;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.SessionState;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
namespace PCMS
public class Employee_Registration : System.Web.UI.Page
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox TextBox1;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label Label9;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button Button1;
Page 71 of 157
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.DropDownList DropDownList5;

Page 72 of 157
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Image Image1;
private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
if(!Page.IsPostBack)
Page.SmartNavigation= true;
}
Page 73 of 157
private void Button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
SQLConnection conn = new SQLConnection ("Server=localhost;

atabase=Northwind;Trusted_Connection=yes");
SQLCommand cmd = new SQLCommand();
cmd.CommandText="insert into EmployeeRegistrations ( EmployeeId,

Password, Name, FatherName, DateOfBirth, Address, City, State,
PinCode, PhoneRes, Mobile, Emmail, Gender, Nationality, Type, Photo,
Qualification, QUniversity, QYearOfPass, QPercentage)
values(@EmployeeId, @Password, @Name, @FatherName, @DateOfBirth,
@Address, @City, @State, @PinCode, @PhoneRes, @Mobile, @Email,
@Gender, @Nationality, @Type, @Photo, @Qualification, @QUniversity,
@QYearOfPass, @QPercentage)";
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@EmployeeId", SQLDbType.
VarChar)).Value = TextBox1.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter"@Password", SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Name", SQLDbType.

VarChar)).Value =TextBox3.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@FatherName",
SQLDbType.VarChar)).Value = TextBox4.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@DateOfBirth",
Page 74 of 157
SQLDbType.DateTime)).Value =TextBox5.Text.ToString();;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Address", SQLDbType.

cmd.Parameters.Add( newSQLParameter("@City", SQLDbType.

cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@State", SQLDbType.

cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@PinCode", SQLDbType. Int)).Value

=TextBox9.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@PhoneRes", SQLDbType .

Int)).Value = TextBox10.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Mobile", SQLDbType. Int)).Value

= TextBox11.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Email",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new
SQLParameter("@Gender",SQLDbType.VarChar)).Value = DropDownList1.
SelectedItem.Value;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Nationality",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Type",SQLDbType. VarChar)).Value

= DropDownList2.SelectedItem.Value;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Photo",SQLDbType. Image)).Value

= Image1.Load();
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Qualification",SQLDbType.
VarChar)).Value = DropDownList3.SelectedItem.Value;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@QUnivesity",SQLDbType.
Page 75 of 157
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@QYearOfPass",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Percentage",SQLDbType.
try
cmd.Connection.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
label1.Text="EEmployee Added Successfully!!!!!";
label1.Forecolor= Color.Navy();
catch( SQLExceton se )
if( se.number == 2627)
label1.Text = "Try Another Name"+se.Messagee;
label1.Forecolor= Color.Red();
else
label1.Text = "SQL Error !!!";
Page 76 of 157
catch( Exception ee)
label1.Text = "ERROR !!!!"+ee.Messagee;
finally
{ cmd.Connection.Close();
User Registration
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Web;
Page 77 of 157
namespace PCMS
public class User_Registration : System.Web.UI.Page

Page 78 of 157

Page 79 of 157
{
Page 80 of 157
SQLConnection conn = new SQLConnection("Server=

localhost;Database=Northwind;Trusted_Connection=yes");
cmd.CommandText="insert into UserRegistrations ( UserId, Password,

Name, FatherName, DateOfBirth, Address, City, State, PinCode,
PhoneRes, Mobile, Email, Gender, Nationality, DateOfExam, Photo,
CCountry, CCity,CCentre, Qualification, QUniversity, QYearOfPass,
QPercentage,DDNumber, DDBank ,DDDate) values(@UserId, @Password,
@Name, @FatherName, @DateOfBirth, @Address, @City, @State, @PinCode,
@PhoneRes, @Mobile, @Email, @Gender, @Nationality, @DateOfExam,
@Photo, @Qualification, @QUniversity, @QYearOfPass,
@QPercentage,@DDNumber, @DDBank ,@DDDate)";
cmd.Connection=conn;
Page 81 of 157
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@UserId",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Password",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Name",SQLDbType. VarChar)).Value

=TextBox3.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@FatherName",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@DateOfBirth",SQLDbType.
DateTime)).Value =TextBox5.Text.ToString();;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Address",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@City",SQLDbType. VarChar)).Value

=TextBox7.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@State",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@PinCode",SQLDbType. Int)).Value

=TextBox9.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@PhoneRes",SQLDbType. Int)).Value

= TextBox10.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Mobile",SQLDbType. Int)).Value =

TextBox11.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Email",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Gender",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Nationality",SQLDbType.
Page 82 of 157
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@DateOfExam",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Photo",SQLDbType. Image)).Value

= Image1.Load();
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Qualification",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@QUnivesity",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@QYearOfPass",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Percentage",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@DDNumber",SQLDbTyp. Int)).Value

=TextBox15.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@DDBank",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@DDDate",SQLDbType.
try
label1.Text="EEmployee Added Successfully!!!!!";
}
Page 83 of 157
else
finally
{
Page 84 of 157
cmd.Connection.Close();
private void DropDownList1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender,

System.EventArgs e)
if(DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Text.ToString() == "India")
DropDownList7.Items.Clear();
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Delhi","Dl"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Banglore","Ba"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Patna","Pa"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Mumbai","Mu"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Chenai","Ch"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Calcutta","Ca"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Kanpur","Ka"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Allahabad","Al"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Haidrabad","Ha"));
Page 85 of 157
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Ahmadabad","Ah"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Ranchi","Ra"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Guhati","Gu"));
else if(DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Text.ToString() == "America")
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Amesdam","Am"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("New York","Ny"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Washingatan","Wa"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Jonesburg","Jo"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Luxamburg","Lu"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Toronto","To"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("North America","NA"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("South America","SA"));
else if(DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Text.ToString() == "Australia")
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DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Melborne","Ml"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Sidnee","Sa"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("Sanghai","Sa"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("North Australia","Na"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("South Australia","Sa"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("East Australia","Ea"));
DropDownList7.Items.Add(new ListItem("West Australia","Wa"));

System.EventArgs e)
if(DropDownList7.SelectedItem.Text.ToString() == "Delhi")
DropDownList8.Items.Add(new ListItem("IT Brain Shapers Technology

","IT"));
DropDownList8.Items.Add(new ListItem("Infosoul Solution Ltd.

","IS"));
DropDownList8.Items.Add(new ListItem("PCTI Informatic Pvt.

Ltd.","PI"));
Page 87 of 157
DropDownList8.Items.Add(new ListItem(" ABC Solution Pvt. Ltd.

","AB"));
DropDownList8.Items.Add(new ListItem(" IOC Software Pvt. Ltd.

","Ch"));
DropDownList8.Items.Add(new ListItem("Infosoul Solution Pvt. Ltd

","Ca"));
DropDownList8.Items.Add(new ListItem("IT Brain Shapers

Technology","Ka"));
else if(DropDownList7.SelectedItem.Text.ToString() == "Mumbai")

","IT"));

","IS"));

Ltd.","PI"));

","AB"));

","Ch"));
Page 88 of 157

","Ca"));

Technology","Ka"));
else if(DropDownList7.SelectedItem.Text.ToString() == "Patna")

","IT"));

","IS"));

Ltd.","PI"));

","AB"));

","Ch"));

","Ca"));

Technology","Ka"));
}
Page 89 of 157
Courses
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Web;
namespace PCMS
public class Courses : System.Web.UI.Page
Page 90 of 157
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.DataGrid DataGrid1;
CurrentPageNumber=1;
BindData();

System.EventArgs e)
BindData();
Page 91 of 157
protected void BindData()
SQLConnection conn = new SQLConnection("Server=localhost;

Database=Northwind;Trusted_Connection=yes");
SQLCommand cmd = new SQLDataAdapter();
cmd.CommandText="select CourseLevel,Course,Certificate from

CourseDetails where CourseLevel=@CourseLevel and Course=@Course";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@CourseLevel",SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Course",SQLDbType.
SQLDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
SQLDataReader rdr = null;
try
Page 92 of 157
rdr=cmd.ExecuteReader();
DataGrid1.DataSource=rdr;
DataGrid1.DataBind();
finally
CurrentPage.Text=CurrentPageNumber.ToString();
int Total_Records=((int) cmd.Parameters["@TotalRecs"] Value);
decimal Total_Pages = Decimal.Parse(Total_Records.ToString())

DataGrid1.PageSize;
TotalPages.Text=(System.Math.Ceiling(Double.Parse
(Total_Pages.ToString()))).ToString();
if(CurrentPageNumber==1)
Page 93 of 157
PreviousPage.Enabled=false;
NextPage.Enabled=true;
else
if(CurrentPageNumber==Int32.Parse(TotalPages.Text))
NextPage.Enabled= false;
PreviousPage.Enabled=true;
else
PreviousPage.Enabled=true;
NextPage.Enabled=true;
Page 94 of 157
protected void Navigationlink_onClick(Object Sender, CommandEventArgs

e)
switch(e.CommandName)
case "First":
CurrentPageNumber = 1;
break;
case "Last":
CurrentPageNumber =
Int32.Parse(TotalPages.Text);
break;
case "Next":
CurrentPageNumber =
Int32.Parse(CurrentPage.Text)+1;
break;
case "Prev":
CurrentPageNumber =
Int32.Parse(CurrentPage.Text)-1;
break;
BindData();
Page 95 of 157
Response.Redirect("Fee Details.aspx");
Response.Redirect("Feedback.aspx");
Response.Redirect("PCMS.aspx");
Page 96 of 157
Feedback
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mail;
namespace PCMS
public class SendingMail : System.Web.UI.Page
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox fromAddress;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox sendToAddress;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox messageSubject;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox messageBody;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox fileNameToAttach;
Page 97 of 157
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button
SendMessageNoMessageObj;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button SendMessageWithFile;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox SMTPServerName;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label statusLabel;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button SendMessage;
private void SendMessage_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
// Create a MailMessage object called myMail
MailMessage myMail = new MailMessage();
Page 98 of 157
// Set the From property for the email

// The value must be an address that can be relayed by the
mail server
myMail.From= fromAddress.Text;
// Set the To property for the email</summary>
// The value is the address to which you want to send the

email.
myMail.To=sendToAddress.Text;
// Set the Subject property for the email</summary>
// This property sets the subject for the email.
myMail.Subject=messageSubject.Text;
// Set the Body property for the email</summary>
// This is the actual message. It can be text or HTML.
myMail.Body=messageBody.Text;
// Set the SmtpServer property of the SmtpMail class
// This server is the outgoing mail server. Make sure it can relay
messages matching the address in the From property.
SmtpMail.SmtpServer=SMTPServerName.Text;
// The Send method of the SmtpMail class will send the email to the
address listed in the To property</summary>
Page 99 of 157
// The mail object is passed to the Send method</value>
SmtpMail.Send (myMail);
// Update the status message
statusLabel.Text = "Mail has been sent";
private void SendMessageNoMessageObj_Click(object sender,

System.EventArgs e)
string from = fromAddress.Text;
string to = sendToAddress.Text;
string subject = messageSubject.Text;
string body = messageBody.Text;
SmtpMail.Send(from, to, subject, body);
Page 100 of 157

private void SendMessageWithFile_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs

e)
// Returning to the first method, you now see how to create an

attachment. This is accomplished by creating a MailAttachment object
and adding it to the Attachments collection of a MailMessage object.
if (fileNameToAttach.Text == "" )
statusLabel.Text = "File name is required to send an attachment";
return;
// Create a MailMessage object called mailWithAttachment
MailMessage mailWithAttachment = new MailMessage();
// Create a MailAttachment object called myAttachment
The name of the file to attach is passed into the

MailAttachment constructor.
MailAttachment myAttachment = new MailAttachment

fileNameToAttach.Text);
Page 101 of 157

// Add the file attachment to the MailMessage's Attachments

collection.A MailAttachment object is added to the MailMessage's
Attachments collection
mailWithAttachment.Attachments.Add(myAttachment);
// Set the From property for the emailThe value must be an address
that can be relayed by the mail server.
mailWithAttachment.From=fromAddress.Text;
// Set the Subject property for the emailThis property sets the
subject for the email.
mailWithAttachment.To=sendToAddress.Text;
// Set the Body property for the emailThis is the actual message. It
can be text or HTML.
mailWithAttachment.Body=messageBody.Text;
// Set the Subject property for the email This property sets the
subject for the email.
mailWithAttachment.Subject=messageSubject.Text
Page 102 of 157

// Set the SmtpServer property of the SmtpMail class.This server is

the outgoing mail server. Make sure it can relay messages matching the
address in the From property.
// The Send method of the SmtpMail class will send the email to the
address listed in the To property.The mail object is passed to the
Send method</value>
SmtpMail.Send(mailWithAttachment);
Page 103 of 157

Employee Login
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Web;
namespace PCMS
public class EmployeeLogin : System.Web.UI.Page
Page 104 of 157

if(!IsPostBack)
Page.SmartNavigation=True;
Response.Redirect("Changepassword.aspx");

Page 105 of 157
Response.Redirect("Feechanges.aspx");
Response.Redirect("Employee Registration.aspx");
Response.Redirect("Question.aspx");
Response.Redirect("New Centre.aspx");
Page 106 of 157

private void Button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs

e)
Response.Redirect("Edit Record.aspx");
Question
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Web;
namespace PCMS
{
Page 107 of 157
public class Question : System.Web.UI.Page

Page 108 of 157
CurrentPageNumber=1;

cmd.CommandText="insert into Question ( Question, Ans1, Ans2, Ans3,

Ans4, Ans) values( @Question, @Ans1, @Ans2, @Ans3, @Ans)";
Page 109 of 157

cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@Question,SQLDbType.VarChar)).
Value = TextBox1.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@Ans1",SQLDbType.VarChar)).
Value = TextBox2.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@Ans2",SQLDbType.VarChar)).Value
=TextBox3.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@Ans3,SQLDbType.VarChar)).Value =
TextBox1.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@Ans4",SQLDbType.VarChar)).Value =
TextBox2.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@Ans",SQLDbType.VarChar)).Value
=TextBox3.Text;
try
label1.Text="Quesion Added Successfully!!!!!";
Page 110 of 157

else
finally
Page 111 of 157

TextBox1.Text=" "
TextBox2.Text=" "
TextBox3.Text=" "
TextBox4.Text=" "
TextBox5.Text=" "
TextBox6.Text=" "
SQLConnection conn = newSQLConnection("Server=localhost;Database=

orthwind;Trusted_Connection=yes");
Page 112 of 157

cmd.CommandText="Update Question
Question=@Question,Ans1=@Ans1,Ans2=@Ans2,Ans3=@Ans3,Ans4=@Ans4,Ans=@An
s)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@Question,SQLDbType.VarChar)).Valu
e = TextBox1.Text;
TextBox2.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@Ans2",SQLDbType.VarChar)).Value
=TextBox3.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@Ans3,SQLDbType.VarChar)).Value =
TextBox1.Text;
TextBox2.Text;
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@Ans",SQLDbType.VarChar)).Value
=TextBox3.Text;
try
Page 113 of 157

else
finally
{
Page 114 of 157
SQLConnectionconn=newSQLConnection("Server=localhost;Database=
Northwind;Trusted_Connection=yes");
cmd.CommandText="Delete from Question where Qid=@QId ";
cmd.Parameters.Add(newSQLParameter("@QId,SQLDbType.VarChar)). Value =
TextBox1.Text;
try
md.Connection.Open();
Page 115 of 157

else
Page 116 of 157

finally
Main Page
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Web;
Page 117 of 157

namespace PCMS
public class WebForm1 : System.Web.UI.Page
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.LinkButton LinkButton1;
if(!Page.IsPosBack)
Page 118 of 157
Page.SmartNavigation=true;
private void LinkButton1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
Response.Redirect("User Registration.aspx");
Response.Redirect("Login.aspx");
Response.Redirect("Courses.aspx");
Response.Redirect("FeeDetails.aspx");
Page 119 of 157
Response.Redirect("examcenre.aspx.aspx");
Response.Redirect("rexsul.aspx");
Response.Redirect("About Us.aspx");
Response.Redirect("feedback.aspx");
Response.Redirect("NewCourses.aspx");
}
Page 120 of 157
Admit Card
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Web;
namespace PCMS
public class AdmitCard : System.Web.UI.Page
Page 121 of 157

if(!IspostBack)

SQLDataAdapter sda= new SQLDataAdapter("select UserId,FormNo, Name,

Date, Addess,Photo from UserRegistrations",conn);
DataSet ds= new DataSet();
sda.Fill(ds,"user");
DataView dview = new DataView(ds.Tables["user"]);
DataGrid1.DataSource=dview;
Page 122 of 157

Password Change
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Web;
namespace PCMS
public class PasswordChange : System.Web.UI.Page
Page 123 of 157


cmd.CommandText="Update EmployeeRegistrations set Password=@ new

Password where password=@Password)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@Password,SQLDbType.
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SQLParameter("@New Password",SQLDbType.

try
Page 124 of 157

else
Page 125 of 157

finally
Result
using System;
using System.Data;
Page 126 of 157

using System.Web;
namespace PCMS
public class AdmitCard : System.Web.UI.Page
if(!IspostBack)

Page 127 of 157

SQLDataAdapter sda= new SQLDataAdapter("select UserId,FormNo,

Name,Date, Addess,Photo from UserRegistrations",conn);
DataSet ds= new DataSet();
sda.Fill(ds,"user");
DataView dview = new DataView(ds.Tables["user"]);
DataGrid1.DataSource=dview;
Response.Redirect("FeedBack.aspx");
Page 128 of 157

Code Efficiency
Efficiency is actually a quality control factor that refers to the degree to
which the software (code) makes optimal use of system resources as
indicated by the following sub attributes: time behavior, resource
behavior. The code used in this project is efficient in my point of view
because I tried to modularity of the code i.e. one module is very much
less dependent on other module’s code. I try to maintain less coupling
between modules code and try to define a single function for each
individual task.
Page 129 of 157

Optimization of Code
We find optimal solution of a project that is cost effective as well as time
effective. Both are equally important for a project. We divide the project into
modules so that we can easily understand the project. And also it will take
less time to solve the problems. Modularity is the single attribute of software
that allows a program to be intellectually manageable.
These are the modules which are used in the project are as follows—
The Administrative Module will perform following activities:-
 User management
 Change password
 Subject Entry
 Set Question Paper
The Registration Module will perform following activities:-
 New Examinee Registration

 List of Registered Examinee
The Question Bank Module will perform following activities:-
 Multiple Choice Question Entry

 True False Question Entry
The On Line Test Module will perform following activities:-
 Conducting the Examination

 Select Question Paper Randomly from the Database
Page 130 of 157
The Result and Report Module will perform following activities:-
 Result Report according to the Passed and Failed student

 Result Report according to the subject
 Strength and Weakness Report of the Student
Page 131 of 157

Error Handling
Error handling refers to the anticipation, detection, and resolution of

programming, application, and communications errors. Specialized
programs, called error handlers, are available for some applications. The
best programs of this type forestall errors if possible, recover from them
when they occur without terminating the application, or (if all else fails)
gracefully terminate an affected application and save the error information
to a log file.
In programming, a development error is one that can be prevented. Such an

error can occur in syntax or logic. Syntax errors, which are typographical
mistakes or improper use of special characters, are handled by rigorous
proofreading. Logic errors, also called bugs, occur when executed code does
not produce the expected or desired result. Logic errors are best handled by
meticulous program debugging. This can be an ongoing process that
involves, in addition to the traditional debugging routine, beta testing prior
to official release and customer feedback after official release.
A run-time error takes place during the execution of a program, and usually
happens because of adverse system parameters or invalid input data. An
example is the lack of sufficient memory to run an application or a memory
conflict with another program. On the Internet, run-time errors can result
from electrical noise, various forms of malware or an exceptionally heavy
demand on a server. Run-time errors can be resolved, or their impact
minimized, by the use of error handler programs, by vigilance on the part of
network and server administrators, and by reasonable security
countermeasures on the part of Internet users.
Page 132 of 157

Validation and Verification
Validation and verification is a important aspect of software engineering.

Verification refers to the set of activity that ensures that software correctly
implemented a specific function. Validation refers to a different set of activity
that ensures that the software that has been built is traceable to customer
requirement.
Verification “Are we building the project right?”
Validation “Are we building the right product?”
The definition of validation and verification encompasses many of the
activity that we have referred to as software quality assurance (SQA).
Verification and validation encompasses a wide array of SQA activity that

include formal technical review, quality and configuration audit, performance
monitoring, simulation, feasibility study, documentation review, algorithm
analysis, development testing, qualification testing and installation testing.
Apart from the usual validations for data format, there are certain application
level validations that have been taken care of:
1. There should be three types of users of above system.

a. Examinee
b. Administrator
c. Employee
2. The validation of selecting of the question paper should be proper.

3. The validation of the user_id and the password at the time of
appearing for examination.
4. The validation of the student’s details, input at the time of applying for
the exams should be done.
Page 133 of 157
5. Unauthorized access will not be possible.
Testing Objectives
• Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of

finding an error.
• A goal test case is one that has a probability of finding an as-yet
undiscovered error.
• A successful test is one that uncovers an as—yet undiscovered
error.
Page 134 of 157

A systematic and wholly procedural plan for testing was adopted. The
procedure while implementing testing went in hand with preparing a Unit
Test plan.
• Test the modules thoroughly—cover all the access paths. Generate

enough data to cover all the access paths arising from conditions.
• Test the modules by passing wrong type and number of data items.
• To test the different access paths—look at the conditional statements
(IFs & LOOPs etc). Enter some data in the test file which would satisfy the
condition and again test the script. Repeat this process many times.
• After each test -- analyze the log file to ensure proper, understandable
and useful messages are present in the log file.
• Test for locking by invoking multiple concurrent processes.
Testing Principle:
• All tests should be traceable to customer requirements.

• Test should be planned long before testing begins.
• The testing should begin “in the small” and progress towards
testing “in the large”.
• Exhaustive testing is not possible.
• To be most effective, testing should be conducted by an independent
third party.
Characteristics of a Good Test:

• A good test has a high probability of finding an error.
• A good test is not redundant.
• A good test should be best of breed.
• A good test should be neither too simple nor too complex.
Page 135 of 157

Types of testing
 Unit Testing: This test involves into the testing of individual

module/program, and all programs are successfully running and giving
output according to it requirements.
 Integration testing: sometimes called Integration and Testing,

abbreviated I&T is the phase of software testing in which individual
software modules are combined and tested as a group. It follows unit
testing and precedes system testing. Integration testing takes as its
input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger
aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan to those
aggregates, and delivers as its output the integrated system ready for
system testing.
 Validation Testing: It is the different set of activities which ensures

that the software that has been built is traceable to the client
requirements. Validation Testing is the responsibility of the tester, and
all the tests done in block box testing will be treated as validation
tests.
 System Testing: After success of unit test the complete system is
tested. At this stage end user and operators becomes actively involve
in testing. While testing operators also test discrepancies between the
system and its original objective, current specification and system
documentation.
Special System Test
 Peak Load Test: This test used to determine whether the system
handle the volume of activities that occur when the system is at
peak of its processing demand.
Page 136 of 157

 Storage Testing: This test has been performed on this application

to determine the capacity of the system to store transaction data
on a disk or in other files. Capacity here measured in terms of
the number of records that disk will handle or a File / Database
can contain.
 Performance Testing: This test referred to the response time of

the system being installed. This testing has been conducted
before the implementation to determine how long it takes to
receive a response to an inquiry.
 Recovery Testing: Under this testing Modules / Procedures are

written and that are able to store data so that user can recover
their data even after crashing of system.
 Procedure Testing: This test contains complete instruction to

handle to software by the user. i.e. Steps to be taken to load the
program into the memory, and whatever data they require to
perform those tasks.
 WHITE BOX TESTING: White box testing is performed early in the

testing process. White box testing is also called glass-box testing.
Using white box testing, the s/w engineer can derive test cases that:
 Guarantee that all independent paths within a module have been

exercised at least once.
 Exercise all logical decisions on their true and false sides.
 Execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational

bounds.
 Exercise internal data structure to assure their validity.
Page 137 of 157

 BLACK BOX TESTING: Black box testing is to be applied during later

stages of testing. Black box testing focuses on the functional
requirement of the s/w. The black box testing enables the s/w engineer
to derive sets of input conditions that will fully exercise all functional
requirements for a program. Black box testing attempts to find an error
in the following categories.
Incorrect or missing functions

 Interface errors
 Errors in data structures or external database access
 Performance errors
 Initialization and termination errors.
By applying black box testing a set of test cases that satisfy the following
criteria—
 Test cases that reduce, by a count that is greater than one, the
no. of additional test case must be designed to achieve
reasonable testing.
 Test cases that tell us something about the presence or absence

of classes of errors, rather associated only with the specific test
at hand.
Page 138 of 157

System testing
Validation
testing
Integration testing
Unit testing
Code
Design
Requiremen
t
System Engineering Fig:

Pictorial
representation of the different testing functions in PCMS
 Unit testing: After completing coding portion of the project my next

work is to test the project, whether it is working properly or not. To
check this there are many levels of testing is available.
Unit testing is testing of code of the system. In this software product I

tested the code of each function, loop and condition. I also consider all
possibilities of replacement of any particular code. I tested each and
every portion i.e. each module of the project is tested.
It may be possible that this code is not hundred percent efficient and other
alternatives are also possible.
Page 139 of 157
Interface
Module
Local data
structures
Boundary
conditions
_______________ Independent paths

_______________
Error handling
____________
paths
Test
codes
Fig: Pictorial representation of unit testing of PCMS
Following testing operations performed by me in Unit Testing
1. Misunderstood or incorrect arithmetic precedence
2. Mixed mode operation
3. Incorrect initialization
4. Precision inaccuracy
5. Incorrect symbolic representation of an expression. Comparison and

control flow are closely coupled to one another (i.e., change of flow
frequently occurs after a comparison).
Test case should uncover errors such as
(1) Comparison of different data types
(2) Incorrect logical operators or precedence
(3) Expectation of equality when precision error makes equality unlikely

Page 140 of 157
(4) Incorrect comparison of variables
(5) Improper loop termination
(6) Failure to exit when divergent iteration is encountered
(7) Improperly modified loop variables.
 Integration testing: - In this testing I concentrate on possible

Designing errors in the PCMS. In this software product I use five
modules. Is all modules were integrated properly or not. To check this I
can use Top Down or Bottom up Approach of integration testing. I
prefer Bottom up approach.
I followed following steps
a) Tested modules in unit testing again tested individually.
b) If each module is working properly then I check how two or more

modules of PCMS is communicating with each other.
c) We find that in this software product Administrator module play a

very important role i.e. it is the module that controls all other modules.
d) Then I observe how all modules are integrated.
e) If all modules are integrated properly then it is ok else I noted down

all necessary changes in this project.
 Validation Testing: In this testing I concentrate on all necessary user

requirements are fulfilled or not. It is Black Box testing. To check the
validation I think myself as a customer or simple user of this software
product and executing the software product.
I check that: -
a) Is all requirement of customer or user fully satisfied by this

software product?
Page 141 of 157

b) Is all validations criteria i.e. constraints which are mentioned by

customer is satisfied or not.
 System Testing: In this testing strategy I check the Run time

Performance, Security and how all the system i.e. Front End and Back
End of PCMS is working properly or not.
To test this I follow following steps:-
a) I check whether the Front End (Asp.net) and Back End (SQL Server)
are connected properly or not.
b) Then I check whether messages are going from Front End to Back
End and Back End to Front End properly or not.
c) Whether Examination purpose of the software product is full filled or

not.
d) All Security considerations of PCMS are fulfilled or not.
Page 142 of 157

Test Case for LOGIN Screen:
Step Expected Result Status
Verify the Presence of two Two input fields should be present Pass
input fields on the screen and on the screen named as Employee
there alignment. ID and Password. They should be
properly aligned.
Verify the presence of the Button should be present and Pass

button below the input fields, centrally aligned.
named as Sign in.
Scroll the screen to the right The screen should remain intact; Pass
and keep it there for 5- the controls should not get
10seconds, now move back the disturbed.
screen to the original position.
Enter the employee id in the User should be able to enter the ID Pass
employee id input field. Let & that should properly reflect to
188794 user.
Enter the password in the User should be able to enter the Pass
password input field. Verify the password, and it should be reflect
display of it. back as *.
Click on the Sign In button. System should allow the User to Pass
Verify the system behavior if login and show back the welcome
valid user. screen.
Click on the <<Sign In>> System should not allow the user Pass
button. If the unauthentic user, to login in the system and display
then verify the system back the message saying,
behavior. “Incorrect login ID or password”.
Page 143 of 157

Optimized Code Debugging

Problems that only surface during optimization are often an indication of
logic errors or compile errors that are exposed by optimization, for example
using a variable that has not been initialized. If you encounter an error in
your program that only occurs in the optimized version, you can usually find
the cause of the error using a binary search technique to find the failing
module:
Begin by optimizing half the modules and see if the error persists.
After each change in the number of optimized modules, if the error persists,
optimize fewer modules; if the error goes away, optimize more modules.
Eventually you will have narrowed the error down to a single module or a
small number of modules.
Debug the failing module. If possible, turn off the instruction scheduling
optimizations for that module. Look for problems such as reading from a
variable before it has been written to, and pointers or array indices
exceeding the bounds of storage allocated for the pointer or array.
When you debug optimized code, information in debugger panes may lead
you to suspect logic problems that do not actually exist. You should bear in
mind the points below:
Local variables are not always current
Do not rely on the Local variables monitor to show the current values of
variables. Numeric values, character values and pointers may be kept in
processor registers. In the optimized program, these values and pointers are
not always written out to memory; in some cases, they may be discarded
because they are not needed.
Page 144 of 157

Static and external variables are not always current
Within an optimized function, the values of static or external variables are

not always written out to memory.
Registers and Storage monitors are always current
The Registers and Storage monitors are correct. Unlike a monitor that shows
actual variables, such as the Locals Variables monitor, the Registers and
Storage monitors are always up-to-date as of the last time execution
stopped.
Source statements may be optimized away
Using the disassembly view or mixed view to see the machine code for your
program, you may find, for example, that an assignment to a variable in your
source code does not result in any disassembly code being produced; this
may indicate that the variable's value is never used after the assignment.
A crucial phase in the software design is its implementation. It simply means

converting a new system design into operation. The objective of conversion
Page 145 of 157

is to put the tested system into operation while holding costs, risks and
personnel irritation to a minimum. It involves :
• Creating computer compatible files.

• Training the operating staff.
• Installing terminals and hardware.
A critical aspect of the implementation is not disrupting the functioning of

the organization. It should be exciting because it is the last step before the
candidate system begins to show results. It should be carefully planned
otherwise it can turn out to be chaotic and traumatic as the system breaks
down, data files are damaged and tempers grow short.
Activity Network for Implementation:
• Conversion begins with a review of the project plan, the system test
documentation and the implementation plan. The parties involved are
the user, the project team, programmers and operators.
• The conversion portion is finalized and approved.
• Files are converted.
• Parallel processing between the existing and the new systems is
initiated.
• Results of computer runs and operations for the new system are logged,
on a special form.
• Assuming no problems, parallel processing is discontinued.
Implementation results are documented for reference.
• Conversion is complete. Plans for the post-implementation review are
prepared. Following the review, the new system is officially operational.
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Parallel Conversion: This refers to running the old (manual system) and
the new system at the same time in parallel. This is the most secure method
of converting from old manual system to a new computerized one.
Why chosen this implementation method:
Offers greatest security in the case of problems errors in the new system, then
the old manual system register is there as back up. Users are more at ease as
they don’t have to make an abrupt change to the new system.
Operational systems are quickly taken for granted. Every system requires
periodic evaluation after implementation. A post-implementation review
measures the system performance against predefined requirements. Unlike
system testing, which determines where the system fails, an evaluation
review determines how well the system continues to meet performance
specifications. It is after the fact - after design and implementation are
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complete. It also provides information to determine whether major redesign

is necessary.
The evaluation team prepares a formal evaluation plan around the

objective(s) of the review, the type of evaluation to be carried out, and the
time schedule required. An overall plan covers the following areas:
1. Administrative Plan – Evaluates area objectives, operating costs, actual

operating performance and benefits.
2. Personnel Requirement Plan – Evaluates performance objectives and
training performance to date.
3. Hardware Plan – Evaluates performance specification.
4. Documentation Evaluation Plan – Reviews the system development
effort.
Maintenance is the enigma of system development. It holds the software

industry captive, tying up programming resources. Maintenance can be
classified as corrective, adaptive or perceptive. Corrective Maintenance
means repairing processing or performance failures or making changes
because of previously uncorrected problems or false assumptions. Adaptive
Maintenance means changing the program function. Perceptive Maintenance
means enhancing the performance or modifying the program(s) to respond
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to the user’s additional or changing needs. Of these more time and money is
spent on perceptive than on corrective and adaptive maintenance together.
Maintenance is expensive. One way to reduce maintenance costs is through

maintenance management and software modification audits. Software
modification consist of program rewrites system level updates, and reaudits
of low ranking programs to verify and correct the soft spots. The outcome
should be more reliable software, a reduced maintenance backlog, higher
satisfaction and morale among the maintenance staff.
Security is the probability that the attack on a system can be repelled. To

make the ” Pro- Metric Center Management System” robust appropriate
security measures have been taken:
1. Password protection is enabled in the software so that only the

authorized users can access the database.
2. Limited access is given to the database server so that the data is not
tampered with.
3. An integrated backup module is provided to the end-user so that even
a non-technical user can take daily and month-end backups. These
backups can later be used in the event of a system crash.
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4. Three different type of users can access the system, and as per there
authentication they can work with the system. This helps in
implementing the security.
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The s/w project management process begins with a set of activities that are
collectively called project planning. The first of these activities is
ESTIMATION.
Whenever estimates are made, we look into the future and accept some
degree of uncertainty as a matter of course. Estimation of resources, cost
and schedule for s/w development efforts requires experiences, access to
good historical information, and the courage to commit to quantitative
measures when qualitative data are all that exist. Estimation carries inherent
risk that leads to uncertainty.
Project size is another important factor can affect the accuracy of estimates.
As size increases, the interdependency among various elements of the s/w
grows rapidly. Time also affect cost of the project. If time increases then cost
is also increased.
Objects Unit Price Qty Amount
Table / Form 400 20 8000
Reports 300 15 4500
Documentation (Optional) 1000 1000
Backup & Security 2500 2500
Total 16000 /-
Computer output (Report) is the most important and direct source of

information to the user. Efficient, intelligible output design should improve
the system’s relationship with the user and help in decision making. A major
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form of output is a hard copy from the printer. Printouts should be designed
around the output requirements of the user. The output devices to consider
depend on factors such as compatibility of the device with the system,
response time requirements, expected print quality and number of copies
needed.
For the Pro-metric center management system, following types of report can
be generated: -
1) Examination Grade Card.
2) Exam Hall Ticket.
3) Exam Center details.
4) Detail report about particular subjects.
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Page 153 of 157

Page 154 of 157

Dec15,
Jun15,08
04
Input Design
Jul17,08
Coding
Jun 1.08 Jul1,08 Aug18, 08

Preliminar Sep18.08 Nov 2008
y Design Validation 021,11,02
Start
Investigati Integrit
on Sep 1.08 y Finish
Testing
Unit
Testing
Oct 20.08
Write
Manual
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It has been seen that the organization requirements changes after certain
interval of time and the system is required to be upgraded. The top
management to cope-up with the highly competitive market may due to the
implementation of new plan, policy, strategies or new establishment adopt
these changes. Therefore any software must be flexible so that it can be
modified easily without much affecting the current system.
• The proposed software is completely modular and therefore it

facilitates for extendibility i.e. activities for new establishment can be
easily added without affecting the main program with less effort and
cost.
• Changes in GUIs based screen can be easily incorporated but it will be
treated as changed request and it will be charged.
• It will be portable can be implemented on most of the available
windows based platform.
• Complete software will be easily upgraded (i.e. versioning of software
is possible) and will show downward compatibility.
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1. ASP.Net XYROX PUBLICATION
2. C# XYROX PUBLICATION
3. VBScript SIMON
4. HTML, DHTML IVAN BAYROSS
5. ASP MITCHELL&ATKINSON
6. System Analysis and Design ELIAS M. AWAD
7. Analysis and Design of Information JAMES A. SENN
6. SQL Server 2000 WAYMIRE & SAWTELL
Page 157 of 157

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Pro-Metric Center Management System

Pro-metric Center Management System (PCMS) is a proposed application

The proposed system (Pro-metric Center Management System) will be able

At the current competition time, the professionals have to take various

System Analysis would lead in determining the requirements needed in

Identification of need (Customer requirement)

In manual system, which is time consuming and error-prone, most of the

So the management of ‘Pro-metric Center Management System’ on the

Preliminary Investigation is the process to determine the feasibility of the

Feasibility study is a test of system proposal according to its workability,

will have to be made if it is to have a chance of being approved. Evaluation

strong security system. There is always a chance of security leakage

The designing of front-end of any project is very important so we select

 Easy implementation of code

 Well define interface with database.

 Well define handshaking of SQL Server RDBMS.

At present scenario, the numbers of backend are available but I have

 Able to handle large data

 Backup & recovery

With the help of above support we remove defect of existing software. In

In the technical feasibility analysis it is determined that whether the

One key ingredient in the scheduling process is experience in the project

Failure to meet schedule goals is most often due to unrealistic deadlines,

When preparing a schedule estimate, consider that transition between

Software and Language Used

Visual Studio .Net

1) A basic language can be both simple to understand and

4) Instead of being obsolete, a language based on basic can

As user responds the wizards generate an application that matches the

Visual Basic comes in several verities including the following:

The Visual Studio.Net Learning Edition: This edition is the introductory

The Visual Studio.Net Professional Edition: This edition is for computer

The Visual Studio.Net Enterprise Edition: This edition is the most

Event Driven Programming: Visual Studio.net visual nature requires

An event is an activity that occurs during the execution of program, such as

Microsoft has the tendency to give something special to the world of

A user interface consists of FORMS and OBJECTS. This worked as event

It has many few features. Few of them are mentioned below.

SQL Server RDBMS

A database server is the key to solving problems of information

Client /server: To take full advantage of a given computer system or

Environment: SQL Server allows processing to be split between the database

Space management of data: To make the efficient use of expensive

Many concurrent database users: the large numbers of concurrent users

Connect-ability/Network: SQL Server software allows different types of

High transaction processing performance: SQL Server maintains the

Controlled availability: SQL Server can selectively control the availability

Openness, industry: SQL Server adheres to industry-accepted standards

Manageable security: To protect against unauthorized database access

Database enforced Integrity: SQL server enforces data integrity,

Portability: SQL server software works under different operating systems.

Distributed system: For networked, distributed environments, SQL Server

distributed systems, yet receive the advantage of local database

Replicated Environment: SQL Server lets you to replicate group of tables

The following sections provide a comprehensive overview of the SQL Server

SQL Server: The SQL Server is an object-relational database management

SQL Server instance: Every time a database is started, a system global

An oracle instance has two types of processes:

 User processes: A user process executes the code of an

 SQL Server processes: SQL Server processes are server processes

Some hardware architecture (for example, shared disk systems) allows

Structure Query Language (SQL)

SQL (pronounced SEQUEL) is the programming language that defines and