DEFINITION

The mathematics of the collection, organization, and interpretation of numerical

data

What is Statistics?
Even though you may not have realized it, you probably have made some statistica
l statements in your everyday conversation or thinking. Statements like "I sleep
for about eight hours per night on average" and "You are more likely to pass th
e exam if you start preparing earlier" are actually statistical in nature.
Statistics is a discipline which is concerned with:
designing experiments and other data collection,
summarizing information to aid understanding,
drawing conclusions from data, and
estimating the present or predicting the future.
The two statements at the beginning illustrate some of these points.
In making predictions, Statistics uses the companion subject of Probability, whi
ch models chance mathematically and enables calculations of chance in complicate
d cases.
Today, statistics has become an important tool in the work of many academic disc
iplines such as medicine, psychology, education, sociology, engineering and phys
ics, just to name a few.
Statistics is also important in many aspects of society such as business, indust
ry and government. Because of the increasing use of statistics in so many areas
of our lives, it has become very desirable to understand and practise statistica
l thinking. This is important even if you do not use statistical methods directl
y.

FREQUENCY
In statistics the frequency of an event i is the number ni of times the event oc
curred in the experiment or the study. These frequencies are often graphically r
epresented in histograms.
We speak of absolute frequencies, when the counts ni themselves are given and of
(relative) frequencies, when those are normalized by the total number of events
:
Taking the fi for all i and tabulating or plotting them leads to a frequency dis
tribution.
The relative frequency density of the occurrence of an event is the score divide
d by the total number of observations.

In statistics, the range of each class of data, used when arranging large amount
s of raw data into grouped data. To obtain an idea of the distribution, the data
are broken down into convenient classes (commonly 6 16), which must be mutually e
xclusive and are usually equal in width to enable histograms to be drawn. The cl
ass boundaries should clearly define the range of each class. When dealing with
discrete data, suitable intervals would be, for example, 0 2, 3 5, 6 8, and so on. Whe
n dealing with continuous data, suitable intervals might be 170 = X < 180, 180 =
X < 190, 190 = X < 200, and so on
Cumulative Frequency
Definition of Cumulative Frequency
Cumulative Frequency corresponding to a particular value is the sum of all the f
requencies up to and including that value.
More about Cumulative Frequency
Cumulative frequency is nothing but the running total of frequencies.
Example of Cumulative Frequency
The cumulative frequency table represents the volcanic eruptions between 1900 an
d 2000.
1st pic.......
As we see above, the cumulative frequency for the total number of volcanic erupt
ions that took place in the years during 1920-40 is
12 + 15 = 27.

Ogive (Cumulative Line Graph)

Data may be expressed using a single line. An ogive (a cumulative line graph) is
best used when you want to display the total at any given time. The relative sl
opes from point to point will indicate greater or lesser increases; for example,
a steeper slope means a greater increase than a more gradual slope. An ogive, h
owever, is not the ideal graphic for showing comparisons between categories beca
use it simply combines the values in each category and thus indicates an accumul
ation, a growing or lessening total. If you simply want to keep track of a total
and your individual values are periodically combined, an ogive is an appropriat
e display.

Read more: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Ogive-Cumulative-Line-Graph-.t

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fr ex................see txt book

Career summary
Season Series Team Name Races Poles Wins Points Final Placing
1999 Euro Open by Nissan Campos Motorsport 15 9 6
164 1st
2000 International Formula 3000 Team Astromega 9 1 1
17 4th
2001 Formula One Minardi 17 0 0 0 23rd
2002 Formula One Renault Test driver
2003 Formula One Renault 16 2 1 55 6th
2004 Formula One Renault 18 1 0 59 4th
2005 Formula One Renault 19 6 7 133 1st
2006 Formula One Renault 18 6 7 134 1st
2007 Formula One McLaren 17 2 4 109 3rd
2008 Formula One Renault 18 0 2 61 5th
2009 Formula One Renault 17 1 0 26 9th
2010 Formula One Ferrari 2 - 1 37 -