Calculus II

Preface

Here are the solutions to the practice problems for my Calculus II notes. Some solutions will have more
or less detail than other solutions. As the difficulty level of the problems increases less detail will go into
the basics of the solution under the assumption that if you’ve reached the level of working the harder
problems then you will probably already understand the basics fairly well and won’t need all the
explanation.

This document was written with presentation on the web in mind. On the web most solutions are broken
down into steps and many of the steps have hints. Each hint on the web is given as a popup however in
this document they are listed prior to each step. Also, on the web each step can be viewed individually by
clicking on links while in this document they are all showing. Also, there are liable to be some formatting
parts in this document intended for help in generating the web pages that haven’t been removed here.
These issues may make the solutions a little difficult to follow at times, but they should still be readable.

Partial Fractions

4
1. Evaluate the integral ó
ô dx .
õ x + 5 x - 14
2

Step 1
To get the problem started off we need the form of the partial fraction decomposition of the integrand.
However, in order to get this we’ll need to factor the denominator.

ó 4 ó 4
ô 2 dx = ô dx
õ x + 5 x - 14 õ ( x + 7 )( x - 2 )

The form of the partial fraction decomposition for the integrand is then,

4 A B
= +
( x + 7 )( x - 2 ) x+7 x-2

Step 2
Setting the numerators equal gives,

4 = A ( x - 2) + B ( x + 7 )

Step 3
We can use the “trick” discussed in the notes to easily get the coefficients in this case so let’s do that.
Here is that work.

© 2007 Paul Dawkins 1 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx

 Calculus II

x = 2 : 4 = 9B A = - 94
Þ
x = -7 : 4 = -9 A B = 94

The partial fraction form of the integrand is then,

4 - 94 4
= + 9
( x + 7 )( x - 2 ) x+7 x-2

Step 4
We can now do the integral.

ó 4 ó - 9 + 9 dx = 4 ln x - 2 - 4 ln x + 7 + c
4 4

ô dx = ô
õ ( x + 7 )( x - 2 ) õ x+7 x-2 9 9

8 - 3t
2. Evaluate the integral ó
ô dt .
õ 10t + 13t - 3
2

Step 1
To get the problem started off we need the form of the partial fraction decomposition of the integrand.
However, in order to get this we’ll need to factor the denominator.

ó 8 - 3t ó 8 - 3t
ô dt = ô dt
õ 10t + 13t - 3 õ ( 2t + 3 )( 5t - 1)
2

The form of the partial fraction decomposition for the integrand is then,

8 - 3t A B
= +
10t + 13t - 3 2t + 3 5t - 1
2

Step 2
Setting the numerators equal gives,

8 - 3t = A ( 5t - 1) + B ( 2t + 3)

Step 3
We can use the “trick” discussed in the notes to easily get the coefficients in this case so let’s do that.
Here is that work.

t = 15 : 37
= 175 B A = - 17
25
5
Þ
t = - 23 : 25
2 = - 172 A B = 17
37

The partial fraction form of the integrand is then,

© 2007 Paul Dawkins 2 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx

 Calculus II

8 - 3t - 17
25 37
= + 17

10t 2 + 13t - 3 2t + 3 5t - 1

Step 4
We can now do the integral.

8 - 3t - 25 37
37 25
ó
ô 2 dt = ó
ô 17 + 17 dt = ln 5t - 1 - ln 2t + 3 + c
õ 10t + 13t - 3 õ 2t + 3 5t - 1 85 34

Hopefully you are getting good enough with integration that you can do some of these integrals in your
head. Be careful however with both of these integrals. When doing these kinds of integrals in our head it
is easy to forget about the substitutions that are technically required to do them and then miss the
coefficients from the substitutions that need to show up in the answer.

0
ó w2 + 7 w
3. Evaluate the integral ô dw .
õ-1 ( w + 2 )( w - 1)( w - 4 )

Step 1
In this case the denominator is already factored and so we can go straight to the form of the partial
fraction decomposition for the integrand.

w2 + 7 w A B C
= + +
( w + 2 )( w - 1)( w - 4 ) w + 2 w - 1 w - 4
Step 2
Setting the numerators equal gives,

w2 + 7 w = A ( w - 1)( w - 4 ) + B ( w + 2 )( w - 4 ) + C ( w + 2 )( w - 1)

Step 3
We can use the “trick” discussed in the notes to easily get the coefficients in this case so let’s do that.
Here is that work.

w = 1: 8 = -9 B A = - 95
w = 4: 44 = 18C Þ B = - 89
w = -2 : -10 = 18 A C = 229

The partial fraction form of the integrand is then,

w2 + 7 w - 95 8 22
= - 9 + 9
( w + 2 )( w - 1)( w - 4 ) w + 2 w - 1 w - 4

© 2007 Paul Dawkins 3 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx

 Calculus II

Step 4
We can now do the integral.

0
ó w2 + 7 w ó - 9 - 9 + 9 dw
0 5 8 22

ô w + 2 w -1 w - 4 dw = ô
õ-1 ( )( )( ) õ-1 w + 2 w - 1 w - 4

= ( - 59 ln w + 2 - 89 ln w - 1 + 229 ln w - 4 )
0

-1

= 22
9 ln ( 4 ) + 93 ln ( 2 ) - 229 ln ( 5 ) = 47
9 ln ( 2 ) - 229 ln ( 5 )

Note that we used a quick logarithm property to combine the first two logarithms into a single logarithm.
You should probably review your logarithm properties if you don’t recognize the one that we used. These
kinds of property applications can really simplify your work on occasion if you know them!

8
4. Evaluate the integral ó
ô dx .
õ 3x + 7 x 2 + 4 x
3

Step 1
To get the problem started off we need the form of the partial fraction decomposition of the integrand.
However, in order to get this we’ll need to factor the denominator.

ó 8 ó 8
ô 3 dx = ô dx
õ 3x + 7 x + 4 x õ x ( 3 x + 4 )( x + 1)
2

The form of the partial fraction decomposition for the integrand is then,

8 A B C
= + +
x ( 3x + 4 )( x + 1) x 3x + 4 x + 1

Step 2
Setting the numerators equal gives,

8 = A ( 3x + 4 )( x + 1) + Bx ( x + 1) + C x ( 3x + 4 )

Step 3
We can use the “trick” discussed in the notes to easily get the coefficients in this case so let’s do that.
Here is that work.

x = - 43 : 8 = 94 B A=2
x = -1: 8 = -C Þ B = 18
x = 0: 8 = 4A C = -8

The partial fraction form of the integrand is then,

© 2007 Paul Dawkins 4 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx

 Calculus II

8 2 18 8
= + -
x ( 3x + 4 )( x + 1) x 3 x + 4 x + 1

Step 4
We can now do the integral.

ó 8 2 18 8
ô dx = ó
ô + - dx = 2ln x + 6 ln 3x + 4 - 8ln x + 1 + c
õ x ( 3x + 4 )( x + 1) õ x 3x + 4 x + 1

Hopefully you are getting good enough with integration that you can do some of these integrals in your
head. Be careful however with the second integral. When doing these kinds of integrals in our head it is
easy to forget about the substitutions that are technically required to do them and then miss the
coefficients from the substitutions that need to show up in the answer.

4
ó 3z 2 + 1
5. Evaluate the integral ô dz .
( )( )
2
õ2 z + 1 z - 5

Step 1
In this case the denominator is already factored and so we can go straight to the form of the partial
fraction decomposition for the integrand.

3z 2 + 1 A B C
= + +
( z + 1)( z - 5) z + 1 z - 5 ( z - 5 )2
2

Step 2
Setting the numerators equal gives,

3z 2 + 1 = A ( z - 5) + B ( z + 1)( z - 5) + C ( z + 1)
2

Step 3
We can use the “trick” discussed in the notes to easily get two of the coefficients and then we can just
pick another value of z to get the third so let’s do that. Here is that work.

z = -1: 4 = 36 A A= 1
9

z = 5 : 76 = 6C Þ B= 26
9

z = 0: 1 = 25 A - 5B + C = 139
9 - 5B C= 38
3

The partial fraction form of the integrand is then,

© 2007 Paul Dawkins 5 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx

 Calculus II

3z 2 + 1 1 26 38
= 9
+ 9
+ 3

( z + 1)( z - 5) z +1 z - 5 ( z - 5)
2 2

Step 4
We can now do the integral.

4 4
ó 3z 2 + 1 ó 19 26 38

ô dz = + 9
ô z +1 z - 5 + 3
dz
õ2 ( z + 1)( z - 5) ( z - 5)
2 2
õ2
4
æ 38
ö
= ç 19 ln z + 1 + 269 ln z - 5 - 3 ÷ = 19 ln ( 5) - 279 ln ( 3) + 769
è z -5ø 2

4 x - 11
6. Evaluate the integral ó
ô 3 dx .
õ x - 9x 2

Step 1
To get the problem started off we need the form of the partial fraction decomposition of the integrand.
However, in order to get this we’ll need to factor the denominator.

ó 4 x - 11 dx = ó 4 x - 11 dx
ô 3 ô 2
õ x - 9x2 õ x ( x - 9)

The form of the partial fraction decomposition for the integrand is then,

4 x - 11 A B C
= + 2+
x ( x - 9) x x
2
x-9

Step 2
Setting the numerators equal gives,

4 x - 11 = Ax ( x - 9 ) + B ( x - 9 ) + C x 2

Step 3
We can use the “trick” discussed in the notes to easily get two of the coefficients and then we can just
pick another value of x to get the third so let’s do that. Here is that work.

x = 0 : -11 = -9 B A = - 25
81

x = 9 : 25 = 81C Þ B= 911

x = 1: -7 = -8 A - 8 B + C = -8 A - 767
81 C = 25
81

The partial fraction form of the integrand is then,

© 2007 Paul Dawkins 6 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx

 Calculus II

4 x - 11 - 25 11 25
= 81
+ 9
+ 81

x ( x - 9)
2
x x 2
x-9

Step 4
We can now do the integral.

ó 4 x - 11 - 25 11 25 11

ô 2 dx = ó
ô
81
+ 92 + 81 dx = - 25 ln x - 9
+ 25
81 ln x - 9 + c
õ x ( x - 9 ) õ x x x - 9 81
x

ó z2 + 2z + 3
7. Evaluate the integral ô dz .
õ ( z - 6 ) ( z 2
+ 4 )
Step 1
In this case the denominator is already factored and so we can go straight to the form of the partial
fraction decomposition for the integrand.

z2 + 2z + 3 A Bz + C
= + 2
( z - 6) ( z + 4) z - 6 z + 4
2

Step 2
Setting the numerators equal gives,

z 2 + 2 z + 3 = A ( z 2 + 4 ) + ( Bz + C )( z - 6 ) = ( A + B ) z 2 + ( -6 B + C ) z + 4 A - 6C

In this case the “trick” discussed in the notes won’t work all that well for us and so we’ll have to resort to
multiplying everything out and collecting like terms as shown above.

Step 3
Now, setting the coefficients equal gives the following system.

z2 : A+ B =1 A= 51
40

z1 : -6 B + C = 2 Þ B = - 11
40

z 0 : 4 A - 6C = 3 C= 7
20

The partial fraction form of the integrand is then,

z2 + 2z + 3 51
- 11
40 z + 20
7
= 40
+
( z - 6) ( z 2 + 4) z - 6 z 2 + 4
Step 4
We can now do the integral.

© 2007 Paul Dawkins 7 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx

 Calculus II

ó z2 + 2z + 3 ó 40 + - 40 z + 20 dz
51 11 7

ô dz = ô
õ ( z - 6) ( z + 4) õ z-6 z2 + 4
2

51
- 11 z 7
=óô
40
+ 2 40 + 2 20 dz
õ z-6 z +4 z +4
= 51
40
ln z - 6 - 80
11
ln z 2 + 4 + 407 tan -1 ( 2z ) + c

Note that the second integration needed the substitution u = z 2 + 4 while the third needed the formula
provided in the notes.

ó 8 + t + 6t 2 - 12t 3
8. Evaluate the integral ô dt .
õ ( 3t + 4 )( t + 7 )
2 2

Step 1
In this case the denominator is already factored and so we can go straight to the form of the partial
fraction decomposition for the integrand.

8 + t + 6t 2 - 12t 3 At + B Ct + D
= +
( 3t 2 + 4 )( t 2 + 7 ) 3t 2 + 4 t 2 + 7
Step 2
Setting the numerators equal gives,

8 + t + 6t 2 - 12t 3 = ( At + B ) ( t 2 + 7 ) + ( Ct + D ) ( 3t 2 + 4 )
= ( A + 3C ) t 3 + ( B + 3D ) t 2 + ( 7 A + 4C ) t + 7 B + 4 D

In this case the “trick” discussed in the notes won’t work all that well for us and so we’ll have to resort to
multiplying everything out and collecting like terms as shown above.

Step 3
Now, setting the coefficients equal gives the following system.

t3 : A + 3C = -12 A=3
t : B + 3D = 6
2
B=0
Þ
t1 : 7 A + 4C = 1 C = -5
t 0 : 7B + 4D = 8 D=2

The partial fraction form of the integrand is then,

© 2007 Paul Dawkins 8 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx

 Calculus II

8 + t + 6t 2 - 12t 3 3t -5t + 2
= 2 + 2
( 3t + 4 )( t + 7 ) 3t + 4 t + 7
2 2

Step 4
We can now do the integral.

ó 8 + t + 6t 2 - 12t 3 3t -5t + 2
ô 2 dt = ó
ô 2 + 2 dt
õ ( 3t + 4 )( t + 7 ) õ 3t + 4 t + 7
2

3t 5t 2
=óô 2 - 2 + 2 dt
õ 3t + 4 t + 7 t + 7
= 1
2 ln 3t 2 + 4 - 52 ln t 2 + 7 + 2
7
tan -1 ( )+c
t
7

Note that the first and second integrations needed the substitutions u = 3t 2 + 4 and u = t 2 + 7
respectively while the third needed the formula provided in the notes.

ó 6 x 2 - 3x
9. Evaluate the integral ô dx .
õ ( x - 2 )( x + 4 )

Hint : Pay attention to the degree of the numerator and denominator!

Step 1
Remember that we can only do partial fractions on a rational expression if the degree of the numerator is
less than the degree of the denominator. In this case both the numerator and denominator are both degree
2. This can be easily seen if we multiply the denominator out.

6 x 2 - 3x 6 x 2 - 3x
= 2
( x - 2 )( x + 4 ) x + 2 x - 8
So, the first step is to do long division (we’ll leave it up to you to check our Algebra skills for the long
division) to get,

6 x 2 - 3x 48 - 15 x
= 6+
( x - 2 )( x + 4 ) ( x - 2 )( x + 4 )
Step 2
Now we can do the partial fractions on the second term. Here is the form of the partial fraction
decomposition.

48 - 15 x A B
= +
( x - 2 )( x + 4 ) x - 2 x + 4

© 2007 Paul Dawkins 9 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx

 Calculus II

Setting the numerators equal gives,

48 - 15 x = A ( x + 4 ) + B ( x - 2 )

Step 3
The “trick” will work here easily enough so here is that work.

x = -4 : 108 = -6 B A=3
Þ
x = 2: 18 = 6 A B = -18

The partial fraction form of the second term is then,

48 - 15 x 3 18
= -
( x - 2 )( x + 4 ) x - 2 x + 4
Step 4
We can now do the integral.

ó 6 x 2 - 3x ó 6 + 3 - 18 dx = 6 x + 3ln x - 2 - 18ln x + 4 + c
ô x - 2 x + 4 dx = ô
õ( )( ) õ x-2 x+4

ó 2 + w dw .
4
10. Evaluate the integral ô
õ w3 + 9 w

Hint : Pay attention to the degree of the numerator and denominator!

Step 1
Remember that we can only do partial fractions on a rational expression if the degree of the numerator is
less than the degree of the denominator. In this case the degree of the numerator is 4 and the degree of
the denominator is 3.

So, the first step is to do long division (we’ll leave it up to you to check our Algebra skills for the long
division) to get,

2 + w4 2 - 9 w2
= w +
w3 + 9 w w ( w2 + 9 )

Step 2
Now we can do the partial fractions on the second term. Here is the form of the partial fraction
decomposition.

© 2007 Paul Dawkins 10 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx

 Calculus II

2 - 9 w2 A Bw + C
= + 2
w ( w + 9) w w + 9
2

Setting the numerators equal gives,

2 - 9w2 = A ( w2 + 9 ) + w ( Bw + C ) = ( A + B ) w2 + Cw + 9 A

In this case the “trick” discussed in the notes won’t work all that well for us and so we’ll have to resort to
multiplying everything out and collecting like terms as shown above.

Step 3
Now, setting the coefficients equal gives the following system.

w 2 : A + B = -9 A = 92
w1 : C=0 Þ B = - 839
0
w : 9A = 2 C =0

The partial fraction form of the second term is then,

2 - 9 w2 2
9 w
83
= 9
-
w ( w + 9) w w + 9
2 2

Step 4
We can now do the integral.

ó 2 + w dw = ó w + 92 - 839 w dw =
4

ô 3 ô 1
w2 + 92 ln w - 18
83
ln w2 + 9 + c
õ w + 9w w w2 + 9 2
õ

© 2007 Paul Dawkins 11 http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/terms.aspx