GI

1. Dysphagia
1. Solid and liquid with achalasia
2. Solid first, then liquid much later in obstruction (malignancy, dysmotility,
etc)
2. Meckel diverticulum or appendicitis or ovarian tumor or Hurschsprung
1. Meckel
3. esophageal varices or Mallory Weiss or Boerhave
4. Crohn or UC or Th1 or Th2
5. hernia or hemorrhoid
6. Celiac or whipple
7. Acute/chronic Pancreatitis casues & sequelae
1. Amylase and lipase elevated in acute
2. Acute causes (IGETSMASHED)
3. Chronic causes CF or chronic alcohol use
8. GI drug
9. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma -> bone osteoBLASTic/SCLEROSIS metastasis (unique b/c
most bone mets are osteoLYTIC eg lung, thyroid)
10. Hep B --> causes hepatocellular carcinoma b/c DNA viruses get incorporated into your
genome (eg, into a tumor suppressor gene), but Hep C more likely to cause cirrhosis
(which can cause HCC but less likely than Hep B)

RESP
11. Type 2 pneumocytes
12. CO2 transport
13. Smoking -> dmgs pseudostratified ciliated epithelial cells FIRST
14. Type II pneumocyte question about: proliferate during lung dmg, secrete surfactant,
precursor to type I, etc
15. hyperresonant or tactile fremitus
16. small cell lung carcinoma or carcinoid or serotonin syndrome
17. A-a gradient
18.
19. Blood group ABO classification or Thalassemia or Sickle cell
20. Multiple myeloma
21. heme synthesis
22.
23. neuromuscular junction
24. Tanner stage
25. false positive/negative, reliability, precision, accuracy, cohort, cross-sectional,
stratification
26. risk ratio or odds ratio
27. schizophrenia or depression length of time or bipolar 1/2 or anxiety
28. brachial arch or pouch question/digeorge
29. smoking is number 1 cause for....
30. optic nerve lesion or hemianopsia
31. hematoma epidural/subdural/subarachanoid
32. lipid lowering drug
33. diuretic side effect
34. acidosis/alkalosis
35. succinylcholine or dantrolene
36. kartagener or cystic fibrosis
37. autosomal dominant or X-linked or mitochondrial
38. shock
39. recurrent bacterial/fungus/viral patient
40. PLACES or SHiNE bacteria
41. thermoregulation peripheral vasoconstriction in prolonged cold
42. HOCM S4 AS or Dilated S3 AR MR
43. bullous pemphigus or pemphigus vulgaris
44. basal cell or melanoma or squamous/acanthosis
45. MEN 1/2
46. hyperthyroid or hypothyroid
47. myoma or rhabdomyoma
48. pleiotropy or polygenic or hetroplasmy
49. atropine or stimigmine or muscurinic agonist or anti-muscurinic antagonist
50. multiple sclerosis
51. Type 1/2/3/4 hypersensitivity, transplant rejection
52. cranial nerve or corneal or pupillary reflex
53. PCOS or menopause
54. hyrdrostatic or colloid pressure
55. PTH vs Ca levels
56. Vitamin-E,B12,B3, Fataxia, Syphilis related neuropathy or parietal cell antibody
57. nephritic or nephrotic or white casts or interstitial or kidney stones
58. SLE antibody or CREST antibody or scleroderma or Sjogren
59. RA or osteoarthritis or PAIR or dermatomyositis/polymyositis
60. toxin or antidote
61. lymph node drainage
62. developmental stage - roll, stand, walk, run, stairs
63. gluconeogenesis or HMP shunt
64. lysosome or mitochondria or proteasome or intron/exon
65. malaria or mycoplasma
66. sarcoidosis, Vitamin D, 25-something, 1,25-something, 24,25-something
67. CML or polycythemia vera or myelo
68. polyarteritis nodosa or temporal arteritis or Kawasaki or Reye
69. vesicular steatosis or nodular cirrhosis or Hep A, B, C, D, E, Hep B markers
70. Blood smear - parvovirus B19 or Howell Jolly or Heinz or AML
71. Warfarin or heparin or von Willebrand or HUS or TTP
72. muscle conduction Ca2+ or troponin or tropomyosin
73. albino or vitiligo or Leukocyte adhesion or Chronic granulomatous or tetrazolium blue
test
74. random brain anatomy picture or dorsal column/spinothalamic tract/corticospinal
75. Sturge Weber or neurofibramatosis or Wilms or tuberous sclerosis
76. horners (constricted pupil) or uncal herniation (blown pupil)
77. random embryology from the heart or reproductive or a pudenal nerve
78. asthma drug or cyclosporine or tacrolimus or other immunosuppressive
79. endocrine drug metformin, sulfonylurea
80. grade or TNM stage or brain to lung metastasis or colon to liver metastasis or prostate
to bone metastasis, pancreatic adenocarcinoma osteoBlastic (unlike other cancers).
Regarding grade & stage, just know the characteristics of high vs low-grade; N = node
involvement & most important sign of mets; M = distant mets & sign of worst
prognosis. Doubt you need to know the actual numbers.
81. Km or Bioavailability or competitive/noncompetitive drug or maintenance dose or
loading dose or volume of distribution or Phase 1 to 4 or p450, Anesthetic principles:
blood solubility = induction & recovery; lipid solubility = potency = 1/MAC (always one
of these lol)
82. Addisons or DI or adrenal cortical/medullary
83. post-ventricular MI complications
84. 30s, 50s, aminoacyl transferase, resistance, beta lactamase, penicillin binding protein
85. sexual transmitted infection (gonnorhea, chlamydia, syphilis, HSV, Haemophilus,
vaginosis, Trichomonas)
86. anti-viral medication
87. cancer drug
88. signaling pathway of hormones, p53, HOX gene, motif, tumor suppressor genes,
oncogenes
89. Endometriosis, Leiomyoma, Adenomyosis, Asherman
90. amino acid derivatives, catecholimine synthesis
91. neuroleptic malignant vs serotonin vs malignant hyperthermia See
here: https://s11.postimg.org/e456yj5k3/2011-11-15_113428.png (TABLE THAT LISTS
ATTRIBUTES)
92. Collagen/Elastin/insulin synthesis. know in extreme detail
93. Just know precocious puberty in boys is <10 y.o. w/ external genitalia growth/pubic
hair, and <9 y.o. in girls experiencing mensces. I also don't think you need to know
every detail of the developmental milestones. Mostly just 1st steps by 1 year, 1st words
around 1 year, 2-word sentences/200 words by age 2, complete sentences by age 4
94. CYP450 inducers & inhibitors
95. Lyme disease
96. Epithelial cell junctions (gap/zona occludens/e-cadherins etc.)
97. Poly/oligohydramnios (causes & Potters syndrome)
98. HIV disorders
99. Nucleotide excision/ base excision repairs, types of deletions (missense, nonsense etc.)
100. Diarrhea.
101. Afferent/Efferent arteriole of kidney and what affects them
102. Hepatitis markers (NOT only Hep B)
103. Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones (also Transcription Factors - not
every detail, but every time it shows up in FA, KNOW IT e.g. HOX gene, motif, etc)
104. Congenital adrenal hyperplasias & disorders of sexual development
105. Immunodeficiencies (but I have yet to see hyper-IgE or chronic mucocutaneous
candidiasis)
106. Hypersensitivities & transplant rejection (eg, host T lymphocytes against donor
antigens)
107. BPH treatment MOA (a-antags vs 5a-reductase inhs vs PDE-5 inhs)
108. Endometriosis, Leiomyoma, Adenomyosis, Asherman
109. Tumor suppressor genes vs proto-oncogenes
110. Amino acid derivatives
111. Catecholamine synthesis pathway, related disorders, cofactors
112. Nucleotide excision repair & xeroderma pigmentosa
113. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome vs Serotonin syndrome causes & treatments
114. Anesthetic principles: blood solubility = induction & recovery; lipid solubility =
potency = 1/MAC
115. Dorsal column dmg sxs can be seen in B12 def, Vit E def, Tabes dorsalis, Beri-
Beri (B1 def)
116. Tons of Qs on cardiovascular physiology & related pharmacology
117. Collagen/Elastin synthesis & related disorders. These can be painfully detailed
118. Giardia (campers/hikers) & know its appearance vs E. histolytica (engulfed
RBCs) vs Cryptosporidium (acid fast, usually immunocompromised)
119. 1ary CNS lymphoma (EBV) vs Toxo brain abscess vs other non-HIV related brain
tumors

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