Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
2. Experiential Learning
– Case studies, models and simulations
4. Grading scheme
Category Grading
Quiz / Assignment 10%
Experiential learning components 15%
Mid Semester Test 30%
Comprehensive Exam 45%
5. TWO mandates
– Reading pre-reading material and case studies prior to class participation
– Active participation in class
Refer page 9 to 14
Support of business
processes and operations
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
Refer page 14 to 16
eCcourier
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
Refer page 19 to 20
How is e-Business being leveraged in todays business context?
BA ZC 471 Management Information Systems BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Types of Information Systems
Transaction processing
Record and process business transactions
Operations Process control
Monitor and control physical processes
Enterprise collaboration
Enhance team/workgroup communication
Expert Systems
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
Refer page 24 to 25
• What are some of the toughest challenges in developing IT solutions?
• How is IT success being measured? Ownership IT and Business Projects?
BA ZC 471 Management Information Systems BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Challenges and Ethics of IT
Potential Harm
Collusion
Application of IT
Customer relationship
Privacy infringement
management
Inaccurate information
Business Intelligence
Possible Responses
Consumer boycott Code of Ethics
Potential Risks
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
telecommunications networks
What are System, functions of a system, cybernetic system and Business as a system
Refer page 34 to 35
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
Refer page 41 to 45
Can you think of examples where IT has changed the way businesses compete?
Refer page 63 to 66
Competit
Competit
ive
ive
advantag
What is Competitive Advantage? necessity
e
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
Five Forces Analysis for Apple Inc Refer page 66 and 69
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
BA ZC 471 Management Information Systems BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Using competitive strategies
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
BA ZC 471 Management Information Systems BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Other competitive strategies
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
BA ZC 471 Management Information Systems BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Business Process Re-engineering
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
How do you re-engineer cross functional processes? Refer page 87 to 88
Refer page 89 to 91
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
BA ZC 471 Management Information Systems BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Management Information System
Lesson 3 – Computer Hardware
1880s
– Punched cards turned sensors On or Off
1946
– ENIAC
– First Digital computer - programmable
– Used vacuum tubes
– Would fill room 39 ft by 39 ft
Late 1950s
– Transistors replaced vacuum tubes
– Smaller, faster, cooler
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Waves of computing
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Age of Microcomputers
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Categories of Computer Systems
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Corporate PC Criteria
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Information Appliances
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Midrange systems
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Mainframe computers
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Supercomputer systems
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Computer system concept
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Computer Processing Speeds
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Moore’s Law
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Voice Recognition Tools
4. Reduced mistakes
5. ROI 12 to 18 months
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Peripheral Advice
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Input Technologies
1. Keyboard
2. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
3. Electronic Mouse
4. Trackball
5. Pointing stick
6. Touchpad
7. Touch screen
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Pen based computing
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Speech recognition software
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Optical Scanning
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Other input technologies
2. Smart Cards
3. Digital Cameras
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Output technologies
1. Video Displays
1. Cathode-ray tube (CRT)
2. Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
3. Plasma displays
2. Printed Output
1. Dot matrix
2. Character printers
3. Inkjet printers spray ink
4. Laser printers
1. Electrostatic process
2. Similar to a photocopying machine
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Storage tradeoffs
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Direct and Sequential Access
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Types of semiconductor memory
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Flash drives
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Storage Devices
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Predictions for future
1. Biological memories
2. Health remedies
4. Virtual activities
5. Memory recall
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Management Information System
Lesson 4 – Computer Software
1. General Purpose
– Perform common information processing
– Productivity packages
2. Custom Software
– In-house development and maintenance
3. Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS)
– Third party vendor
4. Open-source Software
– Application code available and free
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Case study
General Electric
– Enormous supply chain
– Global Supplier Library – rudimentary capability
– Aravo’s Supplier Information Management (Sim)
• 500,000 suppliers
• 6 languages
H. B. Fuller
– Payroll system
– Wanted standard global platform
– Selected SaaS
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Types of Application & Systems Software
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Integrated Packages and Web Browsers
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Search Engines and Communication Software
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Word Processing and Electronic spreadsheet
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Groupware
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Software Alternatives
Outsourcing
– Domestic
– Offshore
Application service providers (ASPs)
– Companies that own, operate, and maintain application software and computer system resources
– Use the application for a fee over the Internet
– Pay-as-you-go
– Use expected to accelerate
Cloud computing – services over the internet
– Natural step from grid computing (Chapter 3)
– Applications
– Virtualized hardware resources
Vendors of cloud services
– SAP Business ByDesign, Salesforce.com, Google Apps, MidlandHR’s “iTrent as a Service”
Advantages
– Low barrier to entry
– Cost Savings
– More powerful software
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Software Licensing
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Categories of Group Software
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Operating Systems
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Operating System Functions
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Popular Operating Systems
Windows • Unix
– AT&T
– GUI, multitasking, networking,
multimedia – Multitasking, multi-user, network-
managing
– Microsoft’s operating system – Portable across computer sizes
• NT, XP, 2003, Vista, • Linux
Windows 7 – Low-cost, powerful, reliable
– Different versions manage – Similar to Unix-like
servers – Open-source
The Program
– Must allow distribution of
• Source code
• Compiled form
The License
– Shall not restrict selling or giving away
– Must allow modifications
– Must allow distribution
– May restrict modified source code
– Must not discriminate
– Must not restrict other software distributed along with the licensed
software
OpenOffice.org 2
– Sun Microsystems
– Integrated office suite
• File formats compatible with other major suites
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Application Virtualization
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Other system software
Utilities
– Miscellaneous housekeeping functions
– Example: Norton Utilities includes data backup, virus protection,
data compression, etc.
Performance Monitors
– Keep computer running efficiently
Security Monitors
– Prevent unauthorized use of resources
Middleware
– Interface between an operating system and the application
programs of users
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Programming languages
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Web languages
HTML
– Hypertext documents for the Web
XML
– Identifying tags or contextual labels
– Digital publishing
• Cheaper, faster
Java
– Object-oriented
– Simple, secure, and platform independent
– Java applets on any computer
JEE6 – Java Enterprise Edition 6
Microsoft .NET
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How web services work
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Language translator program
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Programming Tools
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Case studies
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Management Information System
Lesson 5 – Database Management Systems
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
– Major types of databases
– Data warehouses and data mining
– Fundamental database structures
– Database development
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
BA ZC 471 Management Information Systems BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Database
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
BA ZC 471 Management Information Systems BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Database structures
Network Structure
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
Relational Structure Relational Operations
• Most widely used structure
– Data elements are stored in tables 1. Select
– Row represents a record; column is a field 2. Join
– Can relate data in one file with data in another, if both files
share a common data element 3. Project
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
BA ZC 471 Management Information Systems BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Evaluating database structure
Hierarchical
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
– Works for structured, routine transactions
– Can’t handle many-to-many relationships
Network
– More flexible than hierarchical
– Unable to handle ad hoc requests
Relational
– Easily responds to ad hoc requests
– Easier to work with and maintain
– Not as efficient/quick as hierarchical or network
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
– Improves integrity and security
– Data Definition Language (DDL)
• Data contents, relationships, and structure
– Specifications
• Data dictionary
• Metadata repository
• Database development is top-down process
– Develop an enterprise model
– Define the information needs of end users
– Identify the key data elements
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
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Data Views
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
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Database Types
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Web based system
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Components of datawarehouse
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Data Warehouse and Datamarts
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Data mining
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Database management approach
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Common DBMS components
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DBMS Major Functions
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Database interrogation
SQL Queries
– Structured Query Language
– International standards
– In many DBMS packages
– Query form is
SELECT…FROM…WHERE…
Boolean Logic
– Developed by George Boole
– Mid-1800s
– Used to refine searches
– Three logical operators: AND, OR, NOT
Example
– Cats OR felines AND NOT dogs OR Broadway
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Database Maintenance
Accomplished by
– Transaction processing systems
– Utilities and other applications, supported by DBMS
– Records new business transactions
– Updating and correcting data
• Customer addresses
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Application development
DBMS tools
– 4GL programming language
– Built-in software development tools
– Data manipulation language (DML) statements
• Eliminate conventional programming
Applications
– Data entry screens
– Forms
– Reports
– Web pages
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Case studies
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Management Information System
Lesson 6 – e-business systems
Identify the following cross-functional enterprise systems, and give examples of how they
can provide significant business value to a company
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
– Enterprise application integration
– Transaction processing systems
– Enterprise collaboration systems
Give examples of how Internet and other information technologies support business
processes within the business functions of:
– Accounting
– Finance
– Human resource management
– Marketing
– Production
– Operations management
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Enterprise business systems
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Cross functional systems
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Enterprise Application Architecture
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Implementing global applications
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Enterprise Application Integration
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How EAI works
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Transaction Processing System
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Transaction processing lifecycle
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Enterprise Collaboration Systems
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Others
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Marketing Information Systems
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Targeted Marketing
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Sales force automation
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Computer integrated manufacturing
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HRM systems
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HRM and Internet/Intranet
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Accounting Information Systems
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Business accounting system
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Financial management system
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Case studies
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Management Information System
Lesson 7 – Enterprise Business Systems
Source : MIS 10th Edition, James A O’Brien, George M Marakas, Ramesh Behl
relationship management, enterprise resource manage-ment, and
supply chain management systems:
– Business processes supported
– Customer and business value provided
– Potential challenges and trends
Understand the importance of managing at the enterprise level to
achieve maximum efficiencies and benefits.
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Customer Relationship Management
Customer focused
– Customer relationships – most valued asset
– Find and retain most profitable customers possible
Company has
– Single, complete view of every customer
Customers have
– Single, complete view of the company
Integrates and automates customer-serving processes
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Contact and Account Management
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Application clusters in CRM
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Sales
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Customer Retention Evaluation Report
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Support
Statistics
– Costs 6 times more to sell to a new customer
– Unhappy customer will tell 8-10 others
– Boosting customer retention by 5 percent can boost profits by 85 percent
– Odds of selling:
• Existing customer - 50 percent
• New - 15 percent
– 70 percent of customers will do business again if problems are quickly
resolved.
Primary objective - enhancing and optimizing customer retention and loyalty
– Identify, reward, and market to the most loyal and profitable customers
– Evaluate targeted marketing and relationship programs
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Phases of CRM
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Benefits of CRM and Reasons for Failure
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What is ERP?
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ERP Application Component
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ERP Process and Information Flow
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Business Processes and Functions of ERP
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Cost of implementing new ERP
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Reasons for ERP failures
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ERP Trends and Application Components
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Supply Chain Management
Helps a company
– Get the right products
– To the right place
– At the right time
– In the proper quantity
– At an acceptable cost
Goal of SCM is to efficiently…
– Forecast demand
– Control inventory
– Enhance relationships
– Receive feedback
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Supply Chain lifecycle
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EDI Activities
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Roles and activities of SCM in business
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Functions and benefits of SCM
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Benefits and Challenges of SCM
Key Benefits
– Faster, more accurate order processing
– Reductions in inventory levels
– Quicker times to market
– Lower transaction and materials costs
– Strategic relationships with supplier
Key Challenges
– Lack of knowledge, tools, and guidelines
– Inaccurate data
– Lack of collaboration
– SCM tools are immature, incomplete, and
hard to implement
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Goals and Objectives of SCM
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Trends in SCM
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Management Information System
Lesson 8 – e-commerce Systems
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Intoduction
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Caselet – Mobile shopping
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Scope of e-commerce
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e-commerce Technologies
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Essentials of e-commerce
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Access Control and Security
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Profiling and Personalizing
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Search Management
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Content and Catalog Management
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Example of workflow management
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Event Notification
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Collaboration and Trading
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Electronic payment example
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Securing electronic payments
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E-commerce application trends
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E-commerce success factors
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Differences in marketing
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Webstores requirement
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Developing a webstore
Build a website
– Choose or set up web hosting
– Use simple design tools and templates
– Include a shopping cart and payment support
Market the website
– Include Web page and e-mail advertising
and promotions
– Exchange advertising with other Web stores
– Register with search engines and directories
– Sign up for affiliate programs
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Getting customers to find you
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Serving your customers
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Managing your webstore
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B2B e-commerce
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E-commerce marketplace
One to Many
– Sell-side marketplaces
– One supplier dictates product offerings and prices
Many to One
– Buy-side marketplaces
– Many suppliers bid for the business of a buyer
Some to Many
– Distribution marketplaces
– Unites suppliers who combine their product catalogs to attract a larger audience
Many to Some
– Procurement marketplaces
– Unites major buyers who combine catalogs
– More competition
– Lower prices
Many to Many
– Auction marketplaces
– Dynamically optimizes prices
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B2B commerce portals
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Clicks and bricks
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E-commerce integration
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E-commerce tradeoffs
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Other clicks and cricks
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E-commerce channel choices
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E-commerce strategy checklist
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Caselet – brands go online
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Management Information System
Lesson 10 – Decision Support Systems
• Structured (operational)
– Procedures can be specified in advance
• Unstructured (strategic)
– Not possible to specify procedures in advance
• Semi-structured (tactical)
– Decision procedures can be pre-specified,
but not enough to lead to the correct decision
Decision Support Systems
• Features
– Customizable graphical user interfaces
– Exception reports
– Trend analysis
– Drill down capability
Enterprise Information Portal Components
Enterprise Knowledge Portal
Attributes of Intelligent Behavior
Domains of Artificial Intelligence
Components of an Expert System
Methods of Knowledge Representation
• Case-Based
– Examples from the past
• Frame-Based
– Collection of knowledge about an entity
• Object-Based
– Data elements include both data and the methods or
processes that act on those data
• Rule-Based
– Factual statements in the form of a premise and a
conclusion (If, Then)
Expert System Application Categories
• Decision Management
– Loan portfolio analysis
– Employee performance evaluation
– Insurance underwriting
• Diagnostic/Troubleshooting
– Equipment calibration
– Help desk operations
– Medical diagnosis
– Software debugging
Expert System Application Categories
• Design/Configuration
• Selection/Classification
• Process Monitoring/Control
Benefits and Limitations of Expert Systems
• Benefits
– Captures human experience in a computer-based information
system
• Limitations
– Limited focus
– Inability to learn
– Maintenance problems
– Development cost
– Can only solve specific types of problems
in a limited domain of knowledge
Development Tool
• A knowledge engineer
– Works with experts to capture the knowledge they
possess
• Facts and rules of thumb
– Builds the knowledge base
• if necessary, the rest of the expert system
– Similar role to systems analysts
Neural Networks
• Gaining popularity
• Less formal
• Virtual world (microworld) exercises
• Business scenarios are created and evaluated
• Alternative scenarios are then created
Strategic Visioning Questions
Trends that Affect Strategic Planning
Strategic Opportunities Matrix
SWOT Analysis
• Strengths
– Core competencies and resources
• Weaknesses
– Areas of substandard business performance
• Opportunities
– Potential for new business markets or innovative
breakthroughs
• Threats
– Potential for business and market losses
Business Models and Planning
• Vital questions
– Who are our customers?
– What do our customers value?
– How much will it cost to deliver that value?
– How do we make money in this business?
Questions for Business Models
The Business/IT Planning Process
Information Technology Architecture
www.steelwedge.com
Identifying Business/IT Strategies
• Market Creator
• Channel Reconfiguration
• Transaction Intermediary
• Infomediary:
• Self-Service Innovator
• Supply Chain Innovator
• Channel Mastery
Business Application Planning Process
Comparing Planning Approaches
E-Business Architecture Planning
Implementation Challenges
• Implementation
– Do what you planned to do
– Critical skill for managers
• Many companies are good at planning
• Few are good at executing the plan
– Even if senior management consistently identifies e-
business as an area of great opportunity and critical
need
RWC 2: Project Success
• Create relationships
– Understand the end-user’s situation
• Provide education and training
• Require involvement and commitment
– End-users
– Top management
– All stakeholders
• Eliminate frustration and inconvenience
Key Dimensions of Change Management
Change Management Programs