Petition for Review from the Regional Trial Court to the Court of Appeals

Rule 42

Section 1. How appeal is taken; time for filing.

A party desiring to appeal from a decision of the Regional Trial Court rendered
in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction may file a verified petition for review
with the Court of Appeals, paying at the same time to the clerk of said court
the corresponding docket and other lawful fees, depositing the amount of
P500.00 for costs, and furnishing the Regional Trial Court and the adverse party
with a copy of the petition.

The petition shall be filed and served within fifteen (15) days from notice of
the decision sought to be reviewed or of the denial of petitioner's motion for
new trial or reconsideration filed in due time after judgment.

Upon proper motion and the payment of the full amount of the docket and
other lawful fees and the deposit for costs before the expiration of the
reglementary period, the Court of Appeals may grant an additional period of
fifteen (15) days only within which to file the petition for review. No further
extension shall be granted except for the most compelling reason and in no
case to exceed fifteen (15) days.

The petition must be verified. The effect of failure to verify as held in

Laran v Calendacion (2007) the Court may order the correction of a
pleading if verification is lacking or act on the pleading although it is not
verified, if the attending circumstances are such that strict compliance
with the Rules may be dispensed with in order that the ends of justice
may thereby be served.

Where to file the petition and the docket fee: Court of Appeals

Period:
15 days from receipt of the RTC judgment OR from the order of denial of the
Motion for Reconsideration.

Under Rule 42, the 15-day period starts all over again because the law says “or
of the denial,” unlike in Rule 41 where the denial of the motion for
reconsideration merely interrupts the running of the period.

The period to file the petition in Rule 42 is extendible to an additional 15 days

according to the last sentence of Sec. 1, provided the docket and other lawful
fees are paid.

The CA may grant another 15 days and no further extension can be granted
except for the most compelling reasons. So, the original extension is 15 days

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 and a possible extension of 15 days = total of 30 days to prepare the petition
for review.

Section 2. Form and contents.

The petition shall be filed in seven (7) legible copies, with the original copy
intended for the court being indicated as such by the petitioner, and shall:

- state the full names of the parties to the case, without impleading the lower courts
or judges thereof either as petitioners or respondents;
- indicate the specific material dates showing that it was filed on time;
- set forth concisely a statement of the matters involved, the issues raised, the
specification of errors of fact or law, or both, allegedly committed by the Regional
Trial Court, and the reasons or arguments relied upon for the allowance of the
appeal;
- be accompanied by clearly legible duplicate originals or true copies of the
judgments or final orders of both lower courts, certified correct by the clerk of
court of the Regional Trial Court, the requisite number of plain copies thereof and
of the pleadings and other material portions of the record as would support the
allegations of the petition.

The petitioner shall also submit together with the petition a certification under oath
that he has not theretofore commenced any other action involving the same issues
in the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals or different divisions thereof, or any
other tribunal or agency; if there is such other action or proceeding, he must state
the status of the same; and if he should thereafter learn that a similar action or
proceeding has been filed or is pending before the Supreme Court, the Court of
Appeals, or different divisions thereof, or any other tribunal or agency, he
undertakes to promptly inform the aforesaid courts and other tribunal or agency
thereof within five (5) days therefrom.

Take note that there is NO need to implead the lower court or the judge since
that is only applicable in Certiorari under Rule 65 (Special Civil Actions), but not
on appeal.

There has to be a Certification of Non-Forum Shopping, failure to comply would

mean the dismissal of the case.

Issues that may be raised in a Petition for Review:

Errors of Fact
Errors of Law
Mixed Errors of Fact or Law
There must be a Certification for Non Forum-Shopping and failure to comply with such
requirement would mean the dismissal of the case.
In Ortiz v CA (1998), the Certification was not signed by the Ortizes but by their lawyer
who has personal knowledge and contended it would be deemed as substantial
compliance with the rules but it was help improper.

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This is pertaining to: errors of fact, errors of law, or mixed errors of fact and law
attributed to the RTC in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction.

Section 3. Effect of failure to comply with requirements.

The failure of the petitioner to comply with any of the foregoing requirements
regarding the payment of the docket and other lawful fees, the deposit for
costs, proof of service of the petition, and the contents of and the documents
which should accompany the petition shall be sufficient ground for the dismissal
thereof.

Failure to comply with these requirements may result to the dismissal of the petition.

Section 4. Action on the petition.

The Court of Appeals may require the respondent to file a comment on the
petition, not a motion to dismiss, within ten (10) days from notice, or dismiss
the petition if it finds the same to be patently without merit, prosecuted
manifestly for delay, or that the questions raised therein are too unsubstantial
to require consideration.

Section 5. Contents of the comment.

The comment of the respondent shall be filed in seven (7) legible copies of
such material portions of the record referred to therein together with other
supporting papers and shall:

a. State whether or not he accepts the statement of matters involved in the petition;

b. Point out such insufficiencies or inaccuracies as he believes exist in petitioner’s

statement of matters involved without repetition;

b. State the reasons why the petition should not be given due course. A copy thereof
shall be served on the petitioner.

Section 6. Due Course.

If upon the filing of the comment or such other pleadings as the court may
allow or require, or after the expiration of the period for the filing thereof
without such comment or pleading having been submitted, the Court of Appeals
finds prima facie that the lower court has committed an error of fact or law that
will warrant a reversal or modification of the appealed decision, it may
accordingly give due course to the petition.

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 The CA has the discretion whether to entertain the petition for review under
Section 6. It may or may not give due course to the petition unlike in ordinary
appeal which is among one of the differences between an ordinary appeal
under Rule 41 and a petition for review under Rule 42.

In ordinary appeal, when a notice of appeal is filed and docket fees are paid,
the appeal is automatically entertained. In petitions for review, normally the
court will require the parties to comment and show that the petition has merit
or it will be dismissed.

When the petition for review is given due course, the parties will be required
to submit their respective memoranda.

Note: The RTC is also given the power to issue orders for the protection of the parties,
the same as in Section 8 [b].

Where a Petition for Review is amended before a responsive pleading is filed, the CA
has the discretion whether or not to give due course to the same amended pleading.
Even if the private respondents were asked by the CA to comment on the Amended
Petition does not mean that the same was given due course, silence of the records
point to the conclusion that the Amended Petition was denied, as held in Vda. De
Taroma v Sps. Taroma (2005.)

Section 7. Elevation of Record.

Whenever the CA deems it necessary, it may order the clerk of court of the
Regional Trial Court to elevate the original record of the case including the oral
and documentary evidence within fifteen (15) days from notice.

When an appeal by petition for review deemed perfected:

“Section 8. Perfection of appeal, effect thereof.

a. Upon the timely filing of a petition for review and the payment of
the corresponding docket and other lawful fees, the appeal is deemed
perfected as to the petitioner.

The Regional Trial Court loses jurisdiction over the case upon the
perfection of the appeals filed in due time and the expiration of the
time to appeal of the other parties.

However, before the Court of Appeals gives due course to the

petition, the Regional Trial Court may issue orders for the
protection and preservation of the rights of the parties which do
not involve any matter litigated by the appeal, approve
compromises, permit appeals of indigent litigants, order

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 execution pending appeal in accordance with Section 2 of Rule 39,
an allow withdrawal of the appeal.

b. Except in civil cases decided under the Rules on Summary

Procedure, the appeal shall stay the judgment or final order unless the
Court of Appeals, the law, or these Rules shall provide otherwise.”

Except in civil cases under the Rules on Summary Procedure, any part
thereafter appealed to the CA will not stop the implementation of the
RTC decision.

Under Section 21 of the Summary Procedure Rules, when a case is

started in the MTC under the Summary Procedure and appealed to the
RTC, decided by the RTC, the decision becomes immediately executory.
The only way to stop the RTC from enforcing that judgment is to get a
TRO or a writ of preliminary injunction from the CA.

Even if a Petition for Review is filed, it is executory and the only way to stop
the RTC from enforcing that judgment is to get a TRO or a writ of preliminary
injunction from the CA.

Section 9. Submission for decision.

If the petition is given due course, the Court of Appeals may set the case for
oral argument or require the parties to submit memoranda within a period a
period of fifteen (15) days from notice. The case shall be deemed submitted
for decision upon the filing of the last pleading or memorandum required by
these Rules or by the court itself.

Petition for review is not a matter of right but discretionary on the CA. It may
only give due course to the petition if it shows on its face that the lower court
has committed an error of fact and/or law that will warrant a reversal or
modification of the decision or judgment sought to be reviewed; OR dismiss
the petition if it finds that it is patently without merit, or prosecuted manifestly
for delay, or the questions raised therein are too unsubstantial to require
consideration.

It is merely discretionary on the CA to order the elevation of the records. This

is because until the petition is given due course, the trial court may still issue
a warrant of execution pending appeal and in some cases such as ejectment
and those of Summary Procedure, the judgments are immediately executory.
It is only when the CA deems it necessary that the Clerk of the RTC will be
ordered to elevate the records of the case.

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Appeals from the Court of Tax Appeals and Quasi-Judicial Agencies to the
Court of Appeals
Rule 43

Section 9 of BP 129, the Court of Appeals has the exclusive appellate

jurisdiction to review decisions of all RTC and Quasi-Judicial Bodies, Rule 43 is
the governing rule on appeals from quasi-judicial bodies.
Jurisdiction over appeals for Tax cases which was previously lodged with the
SC is now reverted to the CA, including quasi-judicial agencies. For CTA and
Quasi-Judicial Agency cases, appeal goes to CA even on pure questions of law.

Section 1. Scope.

This Rule shall apply to appeals from judgments or final orders of the Court of
Tax Appeals and from awards, judgments, final orders or resolutions of or
authorized by any quasi-judicial agency in the exercise of its quasi-judicial
functions. Among these agencies are the Civil Service Commission, Central
board of Assessment Appeals, Securities and Exchange Commission, Office of
the President, Land Registration Authority, Social Security Commission, Civil
Aeronautics Board, Bureau of Patents,

Trademarks and Technology Transfer, National Electrification Administration, Energy

Regulatory Board, National Telecommunications Commission, Department of Agrarian
Reform under RA 6657, Government Service Insurance System, Employees
Compensation Commission, Agricultural Inventions Board, Insurance Commission,
Philippine Atomic Energy Commission, Board of Investments, Construction Industry
Arbitration Commission, and voluntary arbitrators authorized by law.

Quasi-Judicial Bodies subject to the exclusive appellate jurisdiction of the CA:

 Civil Service Commission

 Central Board of Assessment Appeals
 Securities and Exchange Commission
 Office of the President
 Land Registration Authority
 Social Security Commission
 Civil Aeronautics Board
 Bureau of Patents
 Trademarks and Technology Transfer
 National Electrification Administration
 Energy Regulatory Board
 National Telecommunications Commission
 Department of Agrarian Reform under RA 6657
 Government Service Insurance System
 Employees Compensation Commission
 Agricultural Inventions Board

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  Insurance Commission
 Philippine Atomic Energy Commission
 Board of Investments
 Construction Industry Arbitration Commission
 Voluntary Arbitrators Authorized by Law

Section 2. Cases not covered.

This Rule shall not apply to judgments or final orders issued under the Labor
Code of the Philippines.

This section refers to the decisions of the NLRC and the Secretary of
Labor. Their decisions are brought directly to the Supreme Court through
petition for Certiorari under Rule 65 and not by appeal under Rule 43.
This was changed by the ruling in St. Martin Funeral Homes v NLRC
(2005) where the SC held that CA can review the finding of facts of the
NLRC and the evidence of the parties to determine whether the NLRC
gravely abused its discretion in finding that no employer-employee
relationship existed between petitioner and respondent.

Section 3. Where to appeal.

An appeal under this rule may be taken to the Court of Appeals within the
period and in the manner herein provided, whether the appeal involves
questions of fact, of law, or mixed questions of fact and law.

Section 4. Period of appeal.

The appeal shall be taken within fifteen (15) days from notice of the award,
judgment, final order or resolution, or from the date of its last publication, if
publication is required by law for its effectivity, or of the denial of petitioner’s
motion for new trial or reconsideration duly filed in accordance with the
governing law of the court or agency a quo. Only one (1) motion for
reconsideration shall be allowed.

Upon proper motion and the payment of the full amount of the docket fee before the
expiration of the reglementary period, the Court of Appeals may grant an additional
period of fifteen (15) days only within which to file the petition for review. No further
extension shall be granted except for the most compelling reason and in no case to
exceed fifteen (15) days.

Section 5. How appeal taken.

Appeal shall be taken by filing a verified petition for review in seven (7) legible
copies with the Court of Appeals, with proof of service of a copy thereof on the
adverse party and on the court or agency a quo. The original copy of the

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 petition intended for the Court of Appeals shall be indicated as such by the
petitioner.

Upon the filing of the petition, the petitioner shall pay to the clerk of court of
the Court of Appeals the docketing and other lawful fees and deposit the sum
of P500.00 for costs. Exemption from payment of docketing and other lawful
fees and the deposit for costs may be granted by the Court of appeals upon a
verified motion setting forth valid grounds therefor. If the Court of Appeals
denies the motion, the petitioner shall pay the docketing and other lawful fees
and deposit for costs within fifteen (15) days from notice of the denial.

Section 6. Contents of the Petition.

The petition for review shall:

a. state the full names of the parties to the case, without impleading the court or
agencies either as petitioners or respondents;

b. contain a concise statement of the facts and issues involved and the grounds relied
upon for the review;

c. be accompanied by a clearly legible duplicate original or a certified true copy of

the award, judgment, final order or resolution appealed from, together with
certified true copies of such material portions of the record referred to therein and
other supporting papers; and
d. contain a sworn certification against forum shopping as provided by the last
paragraph of Section 2, Rule 42. The petition shall state the specific material dates
showing that it was filed within the period fixed herein.

Section 7. Effect of failure to comply with requirements.

The failure of the petitioner to comply with any of the foregoing requirements
regarding the payment of the docket and other lawful fees, the deposit for
costs, proof of service of the petition, and the contents of and the documents
which should accompany the petition shall be sufficient ground for the dismissal
thereof.

Section 8. Action on the petition.

The Court of Appeals may require the respondent to file a comment on the
petition, not a motion to dismiss, within 10 days from notice, or dismiss the
petition if it finds the same to be patently without merit, prosecuted manifestly
for delay, or that the questions raised therein are too unsubstantial to require
consideration.

Section 9. Contents of the comment.

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 The comment shall be filed within ten (10) day from notice in seven (7) legible
copies and accompanied by clearly legible certified true copies of such material
portions of the record referred to therein together with other supporting
papers. The comment shall: a) point out insufficiencies in petitioner’s statement
of facts and issues; and b) state the reasons why the petition should be denied
or dismissed. A copy thereof shall be served on the petitioner, and proof of
such service shall be filed with the Court of Appeals.

Section 10. Due Course.

If upon the filing of the comment or such other pleadings or documents as may
be required or allowed by the Court of Appeals or upon the expiration of the
period for the filing thereof, and on the basis of the petition or the records the
Court of Appeals finds prima facie that the court or agency concerned has
committed errors of fact or law that would warrant reversal or modification of
the award, judgment, final order or resolution sought to be reviewed, it may
give due course to the petition; otherwise, it shall dismiss the same. The
findings of fact of the court or agency concerned, when supported by
substantial evidence, shall be binding on the Court of Appeals.

Section 11. Transmittal of records.

Within fifteen (15) days from notice that the petition has been given due
course, the Court of Appeals may require the court or agency concerned to
transmit the original or a legible certified true copy of the entire record of the
proceeding under review. The record to be transmitted may be abridged by
agreement of all parties to the proceeding. The Court of Appeals may require
or permit subsequent correction of or addition to the record.

Section 12. Effect of appeal.

The appeal shall not stay the award, judgment, final order or resolution sought
to be reviewed unless the Court of Appeals shall direct otherwise upon such
terms as it may deem just.

Section 13. Submission for decision.

If the petition is given due course, the Court of Appeals may set the case for
oral argument or require the parties to submit memoranda within a period of
fifteen (15) days from notice. The case shall be deemed submitted for decision
upon the filing of the last pleading or memorandum required by these Rules or
by the Court of Appeals.

--end of report--

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