Dpkg

dpkg --compare-
Compare version numbers,
versions v1 gt
check with echo $?.
v2 Debian GNU/Linux Reference Card
Query installed packages, Version 5.0.9 2013-10-10
dpkg-query -W --
format e.g. ’${Package} http://www.debian.org/
showformat=for
${Version}
mat
${Installed-Size}\n’. Getting Help
dpkg --get- Read online help for every
Write package selections to man page or man
selections > command and many
file. bash
file configuration files.
dpkg --set- command [--help, Brief help for most
Set package selections from
selections < -h] commands.
file.
file Find all documentation
/usr/share/ here, optional file
doc/package-name/ README.Debian contains
The Network specifics.
/etc/network/ Network interface Reference, manuals, FAQs,
interfaces configuration. Web
HOWTOs, etc. at http://
Start, stop network documentation
ifup, ifdown www.debian.org/doc/
interfaces according to files Mailing lists at
[device] The community is always
above. http://lists.
Show and manipulate helpful, search for users.
debian.org/
/sbin/ip network interfaces and The Wiki at http:
routing, needs iproute. Contains all kind of useful
//wiki.debian.
ssh -X user@host Login at other machine. information.
org/
scp files user@ Copy files to other machine
host:path (and vice versa).
Installation
All information about it at
Web Server (Apache2) Installer http://www.debian.org/
/etc/apache2/ Configuration files. devel/debian-installer/
Contains virtual hosts. To Download from http://
/etc/apache2/ CD images
enable a virtual host, use www.debian.org/distrib/
sites-available/
a2ensite. E.g. to set up the network
Contains available modules boot:expert w/o DHCP or using LILO
/etc/apache2/
files. To enable a module, instead of GRUB.
mods-available/
use a2enmod.

Bugs
Bug Tracking at
All about existing and fixed
Legal Notice
http://bugs.
bugs.
debian.org/
This document may be used under the terms of the See http://bugs.debian.
GNU General Public License version 3 or higher. org/package-name/, use
Conditions for copying and translations can be found Package specific
wnpp to ask for new
at http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/refcard/, packages.
where you can always get the latest version of the reportbug Report a bug by e-mail.
reference card. Instructions at http://www.
Copyright © 2004, 2010 W. Martin Borgert Reporting debian.org/Bugs/
Made by: http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#refcard Reporting
 Configuration Important Shell Commands APT
All system configuration pager files Show contents of files. apt-cache Show package
/etc/ files are under directory ls [files] List files. showpkg package- dependencies (needed
/etc/. mkdir directory- names packages).
Create directories.
Default text editor. May be names Install packages from
editor files apt-get install
nano, emacs, vi, joe. mv file1 file2 Move, rename files. repositories with all
package-names
CUPS at http:// Browser interface to rm files Remove files. dependencies.
hostname:631 printing system. rmdir dirs Remove empty directories. Install newest versions of all
Reconfigure a package, e.g. Create, eXtract, list Table of apt-get upgrade packages currently
tar [c][x][t][z][j] -f
dpkg-reconfigure console-common archive file, z, j for .gz, installed.
file.tar [files]
package-name (keyboard), locales .bz2. Like apt-get upgrade, but
apt-get
(localisation). find directories Find files like -name name or with advanced conflict
dist-upgrade
update- expressions -size +1000, etc. resolution.
Manage command
alternatives grep search- apt-get remove Remove packages with all
alternatives. Find search-string in files.
options string files package-names needed packages.
After changing Send signal to process (e.g. apt-get Remove packages that no
update-grub kill [-9] number
/etc/default/grub. terminate it). autoremove other packages depend on.
make-kpkg -- Create a symbolic link to a apt-cache depends List all packages needed by
Build a kernel packages ln -s file link
initrd -- file. package-names the one given.
from sources, if a
revision=2:my.1.0 ps [options] Show current processes. apt-cache
customised kernel is really List all packages that need
--rootcmd Become another user, e.g. rdepends
needed, needs kernel- su - [username] the one given.
fakeroot --uc --us root. package-names
package.
kernel_image Execute a command as root Update content listings
Create and install sudo command as normal user, see apt-file update from package repositories,
m-a a-i module third-party modules (gspca, /etc/sudoers see apt-get update
kernel_image ...), needs module- Overwrite file with output of apt-file search
command > file Search packages for file.
assistant. command. file-name
Append output of command apt-file list
command >> file List contents of a package.
to file. package-name
Daemons and System Use output of command 1 as Installs packages
cmd1 | cmd2
/etc/init.d/file Restart a service, system input of command 2. automatically if needed, can
auto-apt
restart daemon. Use file as input for replace apt-file, needs
command < file
/etc/init.d/file Stop a service, system command. auto-apt.
stop daemon. Console interface to APT,
aptitude
/etc/init.d/file Start a service, system needs aptitude.
start daemon. APT GUI interface to APT, needs
synaptic
halt, reboot, Halts, reboots, shuts down Update packages listings synaptic.
poweroff system. from package repositories
All log files are under this as listed in
/var/log/
directory. apt-get update /etc/apt/sources.list. Dpkg
Default values for many Required whenever that file dpkg -l [names] List packages.
/etc/default/
daemons and services. or the contents of the dpkg -I pkg.deb Show package information.
repositories change. dpkg -c pkg.deb List contents of package file.
Search packages and Show which package a file
apt-cache search dpkg -S filename
Important Shell Commands descriptions for search- belongs to.
search-string
cat files Print files to screen. string. dpkg -i pkg.deb Install package files.
cd directory Change to directory. apt-cache policy Show versions and priorities Audit check sums of
cp files dest Copy files and directories. package-names of available packages. debsums installed packages, needs
echo string Echo string to screen. apt-cache show Show package information debsums.
gzip, bzip2, xz [-d] package-names incl. description. dpkg-divert Override a package’s
Compress, uncompress files. [options] file version of a file.
files