LOCATING PERSONAL ITEMS AND PLACE

 Where is the cinema?

 Where is the Sports club?
 Where is the shoe store?
 Where is the travel agency?
 How do i get to the police station from library?

Asking And Giving Directions

You will find these English expressions useful if you are lost or want to get to a particular
place or give directions to others.

Asking directions

 Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to …?

 the bus station
 Excuse me, do you know where the … is?
 post office
 I'm sorry, I don't know
 sorry, I'm not from around here
 I'm looking for …
 this address
1
  Are we on the right road for …?
 Brighton
 Is this the right way for …?
 Ipswich
 Do you have a map?
 Can you show me on the map?

Giving directions

 it's this way

 it's that way
 you're going the wrong way
 you're going in the wrong direction
 take this road
 go down there
 take the first on the left
 take the second on the right
 turn right at the crossroads
 continue straight ahead for about a mile (one mile is approximately 1.6 kilometers)
 continue past the fire station
 you'll pass a supermarket on your left
 keep going for another …
 hundred yards (about 91 meters)
 on your left
 on your right

How far is it?

 How far is it?

 How far is it to …?
 the airport
 How far is it to … from here?
 the beach
 Is it far?
 Is it a long way?

 quite close
 quite a long way
 about a mile from here (one mile is approximately 1.6 kilometers)

2
Giving directions to drivers

 follow the signs for …

 the town centre
 Birmingham

 continue straight on past some traffic lights

 at the second set of traffic lights, turn left
 go over the roundabout
 take the second exit at the roundabout
 turn right at the T-junction

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 DESCRIBING PEOPLE’S APPEARANCE

When you want to know what someone looks you, you are going to ask for a
description. Descriptions can be very simple (he’s ugly) or very descriptive and detailed.
(She’s 5 feet 4 inches tall, with straight flaming red shoulder length hair, sparkling dark green
eyes, a dazzling pearly white smile, with a cute dimple on her left cheek, and lightly tanned
facial skin as smooth as a baby’s behind, with the body like Marilynn Monroe).

When asking for descriptions

there are a number of expressions
that can be used. Look at the examples.

English Expressions

Expression Response
 What does ( … she) look like?  She looks like a model.
 What color is ( … her) hair?  It’s black?
 What kind of hair style does ( … he) have?  He has short curly hair.
 What color are (his) eyes?  They’re blue.
 How tall is (she)?  She is five feet, four inches tall.
 How much do ( … you) weight?  I weight 75 kilos. It’s none of your
business.
 Does (… he) have any  He has a scar on his left cheek.
distinguishing characteristics?
 How old is ( …your mother)?  She’s 45 years old.
 Does (… the professor) wear glasses?  No, but he wears contacts.
 What is (… she) wearing?  She is wearing a red T-shirt, tight
blue jeans, and sandals.
. Physical Appearance
Here are some works, expressions, and structures use o describing people appearance
 Hair : long, medium-length, short, straight, etc
 Eyes : green, blue, brown, grey, etc
 Nose : long, pointed, flat, sharp
 Mouth : wide, generous, thin lips, full lips
 Chin : pointed, firm, weak
 Face : oval, round, ling, high cheekbones
 Forehead : high, low
 Ears : big, small
 Shoulder : broad, narrow
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 Build : thin, slender, muscular, heavily built, plump, overweight, fat
 Height : tall, of medium height, short
 Age : young, middle aged, elderly, old, etc
 Personality traits : serious, cheerful, worried, friendly
 General appearance : good-looking, pretty, beautiful, attractive, etc

Non-physical (characteristic)
Boring : Membosankan
Amazing : Mengagumkan
Kind/nice : Baik Hati
Patient/impatient : Sabar
Humorous : Lucu
Sensitive/insensitive : Sensitif
Brave : Berani
Naughty : Nakal
Nervous : Gugup
Diligent : Rajin
Careless : Ceroboh
Helpful : Suka Menolong
Clever : Pandai
Foolish : Tolol
Stingy : Pelit
Generous : Dermawan
Polite/impolite : Sopan / tdk sopan
Interesting : Menarik
Cruel : Jahat
Responsible/irresponsible: Tanggung jawab / tdk tanggung jawab

Idiom
Just a pretty face : Hanyacantikwajahnya
Kind-hearted : baikhati, peramah
Like tinder : Sukamarah

5
 DESCRIBING THINGS

Sometimes you may be asked to describe something, what it looks like, and it’s function or
purpose. For example, You may to talking to a person not up on the latest technological
devises or telling someone about the newest time saving kitchen gadget.

When you are describing objects you use adjectives, (words that describe nouns) such as the
size, color, shape, material made from, thickness, texture, etc. Look at the expressions below
that can be used when asking for descriptions of things

A. POWER WORDS

In English, an adjective usually comes before the noun it pertains to (for example, a red apple
or a cute cat.).

Adjectives can be classified into many categories. In English, adjectives are generally used in
the order: quantity-->opinion-->size-->age-->shape-->color-->origin-->material-->purpose.
Some of these categories are (roughly in the order in which adjectives are used in English):

Quantity
 Few  four
 no  little
 one  several
 Two  many
 three  all
 every
Opinion
 good  clean
 better  dirty
 best  unusual
 bad  usual
 worse  pointless
 wonderful  pertinent
 awful  wasteful

Personality/emotion
 happy  Zany
 sad  grumpy
 excited  cheerful
 scared  jolly
 frightened  blissful
 outgoing  lonely

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Sound
 loud  Thunderous
 soft  Blaring
 silent  Quiet
 vociferous  Noisy
 screaming  Talkative

Taste
 Sweet  Yummy
 Sour  Bland
 Acidic  Tasteless
 Bitter  Palatable
 Tasty  Yummy
 Delicious  Luscious
 Savory  Spicy

Touch -
 Hard  Grainy
 Soft  Coarse
 Silky  Pitted
 Velvety  Irregular
 Bumpy  Scaly
 Smooth  Polished
 Glossy  glassy

Size
 weight – heavy  Fat
 light  Thin
 big  Slender
 small  Willowy
 little  Lean
 tiny  Svelte
 tall  Scrawny
 Short  Skeletal
 Gigantic  Underweight

Smell
 Perfumed  Aromatic
 Acrid  Fragrant
 Putrid  Scented
 Burnt  Musty
 Smelly  Sweet-smelling,...
 Reeking  Noxious

Speed
 Quick  Snappy
 fast,  Whirl
 slow  Wind
 speeding  Swift
 rushing  Hasty
 bustling  Prompt
 rapid
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Temperature
 Hot  Wintry
 Cold  Frosty
 Freezing  Frozen
 Icy  Nippy
 Frigid  Chilly
 Sweltering  Sizzling

Age
 Young  Antique
 Old  old-fashioned
 Baby  youthful
 Babyish  elderly
 Teenage  mature
 Ancient

Distance
 short  Faraway
 long  Outlying
 far  Remote
 distant  far-flung
 nearby  neighboring
 Close  handy

Shape
 round  rotund
 circular  globular
 square  spherical
 triangular  wavy
 oval  straight
 sleek  cylindrical
 blobby  oblong
 flat  elliptical

Brightness
 light  Pale
 dark  Dull
 bright  Glowing
 shadowy  Shimmering
 dray  Luminous
 radiant  gleaming

Color
 pink  black
 red  white
 orange  gray
 yellowish  brown
 dark-green  tanned
 blue  pastel
 purple  metallic
 translucent
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 Time
 early  Initial
 late  First
 morning  Last
 night  Overdue
 evening  Belated
 everlasting  long-term

Origin/location
 lunar  polar
 northern  equatorial
 oceanic  Floridian

Material
 Glass  Cotton
 Wooden  Plastic
 Cloth  Leather
 Concrete  Ceramic
 Fabric  metal
 , ...
Purpose
 folding  Sleeping
 swinging  Dance
 work  Rolling
 racing  walking
 cooking

Using Hyphens for Compound Adjectives

Some adjectives are used as a group to provide a description; if the group of words forms a
single idea and are used before the noun, they should be connected by hyphens to make their
meaning clear. Common examples of hyphenated adjectives include black-and-white, 6-foot-
tall, 5-years-old, problem-solving, mother-in-law and fight-or-flight. A wonderful example of
hyphenated adjectives is George Orwell's description of being from the lower-upper-middle
class.

Example of the Sequence of Multiple Adjectives in Chart Form:

Quantity Opinion Size Age Shape Color Origin Material Purpose Noun
Five huge young black Canadian bears
battered Old shapeless gray cotton work pants
many magnificent antique British reference books
One studious teenaged American boy
Few shiny round Blue Indian Gems
many well-made tiny elongated Brown wooden fishing Boats
several cheap large Purple polyester sleeping Bags

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 B. ENGLISH EXPRESSION

Expression Response samples

What does it look like?
How big is it?
How much does it weigh?
What color is it?
What’s it made out of?
What is it?
What does it do?
What the purpose of a refrigerator?
What do you use a (… cheese grater) for?
How does a (… water heater) work?
It’s big, with eight hairy arms.
It’s 3 feet, by 4 feet, by 5 feet.
It weighs 75 pounds.
It’s bright yellow, brighter than a banana.
It’s made of plastic and aluminum.
It’s a garlic press.
It puts a sharp point on wooden pencils.
The purpose of a refrigerator is to keep
food cold so it does not spoil.
A cheese grater is used to make small
strips of cheese from a larger block.
Water is collected in a large tank and
heated by either gas or electricity.

C. THINGS

1.Television 7. Car
2. hand phone 8. Water heater
3. Camera 9. Clock
4. Bicycle 10. Radio
5. Pencil sharpener 11.Eraser
6. Freezer 12. Headset

Students should work together in pairs then describe some things above to another one !!!!

English Dialogue

Students should work together in pairs and read the following dialogue, one student reading
one part, the other student reading the other. Note the expressions used in the dialogue and
the progression of the conversation. The dialogue can be used as a model to have similar
conversations.

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 1. Conversation

Randall : Do you know what a grandfather clock is?

Horace : Yes, of course.
Randall : I assume it is a kind of clock, but what does it look like?
Horace : Well, they’re usually big, about an average person’s height, and maybe 20 to
24 inches wide.
Randall : And.
Horace : The clock face is at the top, usually a round face, and many have Roman
Numerals.
Randall : Go on.
Horace : Below the face is a pendulum which hangs from a chain, or something
Similar, which swings back and
Forth as the clock ticks.
Randall : I’m sorry, what’s a pendulum?
Horace : A weight hanging from a chain, cable, or string.
Randall : I see.
Horace : In all the grandfather clocks I have ever seen, the cabinets were made out of
wood, usually stained brown.
Randall : Why are they called grandfather clocks?
Horace : I don’t know. Maybe because they are an old style of clock that was common
in our grandfathers’ days.
Randall : The clock in your father’s office is a grandfather clock, isn’t it?
Horace : Yes, but he calls it his grandmother’s clock.
Randall : Why?
Horace : Because his grandmother gave it to him.

After reading, close your book and tell your partner a summary of the dialogue. Then switch
and have your partner tell his or her summary. Start like this: This dialogue is one person
describing a clock. It is … This may seem silly, since you both already know what the
dialogue is about, but the purpose is to practice using your English, not to give information or
test your reading skills.

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 TELLING HAPPY EXPERIENCE

An Experience atau pengalaman adalah sebuah hal yang pernah di jumpai atau pernah kita
alami. Dan biasa nya sebuah pengalaman itu terbagi 2, ada yang baik dan buruk.

Question?
1. Do you have experiences?
2. What kinds of experiences do you like?
3. Would you like to tell to me?
4. Are you feeling happy?
5. Don’t you want to back in that condition?

Vocabularies:
Happy = senang
Exited = gembira
Satisfied = puas
Amused = teribur
Amazed = kagum
Enchanted = terpesona
Proud = bangga
Thankful = bersyukur
Lucky = beruntung

Expression;

What a nice day = betapa indah nya hari ini

What a lovely place = betapa indah nya tempat ini
Much obliged = saya sangat berterima kasih
I shan’t forget it = saya ga akan melupakan nya
I’ll remember it forever = akan saya ingat sampai mati

12
 RETELLING PAST EXPERIENCE

A person has a fact or event that they have done in the past although it is good or bad and it is
called an experience.
Question
1. Do you have an experience?
2. Is it good or bad?
3. How was your experience?
4. Can you tell me about your experience?
5. Please tell me about your experience!
6. Do you want to come back at that situation? Why?

Vocabulary
Unforgettable : tak terlupakan
Terrific : hebat
Happy : senang
Incredible : luar biasa
Satisfied : puas
Disappointed : kecewa
Lucky : beruntung
Unlucky : tidak beruntung
Romantic : romantis

13
 GIVING ADVICE FOR COMMON SICKNESS

1. germs
Germs are spread from one person to another. In the case of the flu, the germ is a virus that
grows inside the cells of your body. You can control the spread of germs by washing your
hands.

2. spread germs
He's spreading germs. If you don't cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough, germs will
spread to other people.

3. sneeze
He's sneezing all over his desk. Germs can be found on desks, tables, door handles, computer
keyboards--any surface.

4. cough
He's coughing. People cough when mucus (fluid) builds up in the lungs. A cough is a
symptom of a cold or the flu.

5. cough medicine
You can take cough medicine if you have a cough. It should help, but children don't like it.

6. dizzy
He feels dizzy. This can be an early symptom of the flu. Your head feels like its spinning.

7. upset stomach
He has an upset stomach. Problems with the stomach can result in vomiting. Vomit is not a
popular word in English. Here are some substitutes:
- throw up
- get sick
Before you throw up, you...
- ...feel nauseous
- ...feel queasy

8. body ache / muscle ache

Many people feel some pain or ache in their muscles when they have the flu.

9. thermometer
A thermometer is more accurate when trying to find out if a person has a fever.

10. stay home in bed

If you have a fever, body ache, a sore throat, and a cough, you should stay home in bed. Stay
warm. This will help you get better faster.

11. drink liquids

Drink hot beverages like coffee, tea, or hot cold medicine. I like Thera -flu. It's sold at the
pharmacy and you put it into hot water and drink it when you have the flu.

14
 12. vaccine
There are flu vaccines available. Some prevent you from getting sick, and others help you to
recover when you get sick. The doctor is giving him a shot.

Choose the best answer from that text and explain it:
1. 2 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12.

Vocabularies: Expression:

 Iodine = obat merah  I must go and see a doctor = saya harus pergi ke dokter
 Sneeze = bersin  I’ve got a cold = saya terkena flu
 Cough = batuk  I think that I have food poisoning = saya keracunan
 Flu = pilek
 I’m really unfit = tubuh saya sangat tidak sehat
 Fever = demam
 What’s the matter? = apa keluhan anda?
 Health = sehat
 Medicine = obat  I had a heart attack = saya kena serangan jantung
 Disease = penyakit
 Keep = Menjaga
 First aid = p3k
 Malnutrition = kurang gizi
 Nurse = sester
 Rheumatic = encok
 Smallpox = cacar
 Mouthwash = obat kumur
 Patient = pasien

15
 MAKING AND RESPONDING TO SUGGESTIONS

Suggestions
The following English phrases and expressions are all used to make suggestions and give
advice to people.

Making suggestions:
 Let’s revise our lessons.
 What about going to the cinema tonight?
 How about playing cards?
 Why don't we do our homework?
 Couldn't we invite your grandmother to our party?
 Shall we have a walk along the river?
 What would you say to a cup of coffee?
 Don't you think it is a good idea to watch TV?
 Does it matter if we use your car?

Accepting suggestions:
 Ok. Yes, let's.
 Yes, I'd like to.
 Yes, I'd love to.
 What a good idea!
 Why not?
 Yes, with pleasure.
 Yes, I feel like taking a walk.
 That sounds like a good idea.

Refusing suggestions:

 No, let's not.

 No, I'd rather not.
 I don't feel like it.
 I dislike going for a walk.
 What an awful / bad idea!

Things to remember about suggestions:

1. The verb "suggest" can be followed by either:
 Should + verb = I suggest (that) we should go to the theater.
 A verb (in the subjunctive form) = I suggest (that) we go to the movies.
2."That" is optional:
 "I suggest that we should visit Paris."
 "I suggest we should visit Paris."

16
Dialogue:
Two friends talking about where to go this evening:
Alice: You know Alan, why don't we go to the cinema to watch Titanic?
No, let's not. We've seen the film many times before. What about
Alan:
going to the library? We have to finish our school project!
That sounds like a good idea. But when we finish let's go to the
Alice:
cafe.
Alan: Yes, I'd love to.

Example:

I have a problem in
I don’t have girl/boy
I don’t have money understanding grammar
friend
lesson

I’m addicted to smoke I do LDR I have many debts

I’m broken heart I’m lazy I can’t sleep at night

I have a problem in I have difficulty in finding

I don’t feel at home
speaking English a new friend

I have difficulty in
I can’t focus in studying I’m not confident
memorizing

17
 DESCRIBING BUILDING AND INTERESTING TOURIST SITES

Is describing about building that many tourists

go there because they are interesting
and they enjoy with the buildings and have
many wonderful things.

Questions

 What is your interesting tourism place?

 Would you like to describe your interesting tourism place?
 What is the most interesting in your tourism place?
 Shall we go now?

Idiom

In the vicinity of : Berada di sekitar

Expressions

Opinion
 Good  clean
 better  dirty
 best  unusual
 bad  usual
 worse  pointless
 worse  pertinent
 wonderful  wasteful
 awful  difficult
 pretty
 ugly
Shape
 round  rotund
 circular  globular
 square  spherical
 triangular  wavy
 oval  straight
 sleek  cylindrical
 blobby  oblong
 flat  elliptical

Brightness
 light  Pale
 dark  Dull
 bright  Glowing
 shadowy  Shimmering
 dray  Luminous
 radiant
18
Color
 pink  black
 red  white
 orange  gray
 yellowish  brown
 dark-green  tanned
 blue  pastel
 purple  metallic
 translucent  silver

Example

I have interesting tourism place. This place is different with another because this place
is really beautiful, good, wonderful etc. When I saw this place I am shocked because
this place is really big. The distance is far from my beautiful house. And this place has
many beaches and good view. Unforgettable many tourists come to this place so when
we go there we can enjoy the wonderful view, beach and we can speak with tourist
and take picture with them. This place is Lombok.

Vocabularies
Beautiful : Indah
Large : Luas
Build : Membangun
Unforgettable : tidak terlupakan

19
 HOW TO EXPRESS YOUR OPINION

Expressing opinion

I think...
As far as I'm concerned,..
To my mind,...
According to me,...
As I see it, ...
It seems to me that...
In my point of view / my opinion,....
From my point of view...
I am of the opinion that...
I take the view that. ..
My personal view is that...
In my experience...
As far as I understand / can see/see it,...

Agreeing or disagreeing

Agreeing with an opinion:

I agree with this opinion.

I completely agree with this view.
This is absolutely right.
I couldn't / can't agree more.

Partial agreement:

I agree with this point of view, but...

This idea is right, but...
I agree with you, but...

20
Disagreeing with an opinion:

I'm afraid. I can't agree with you.

I disagree with you.
I don't agree with you.
I'm not sure I agree with you
I think you're wrong

Expressing indifference

 So what?
 Who cares!
 I don’t care!
 It’s all the same to me.
 I have no preference.
 I suppose so.
 I don’t mind.
 Whatever you do?
 I don’t mind.
 It’s your decision.
 Who knows!
 Why should I care?
 It makes no difference to me.
 It doesn't matter to me

 Whatever you want

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 APOLOGIZING

To apologize is to tell someone that you are sorry for having done something that has caused
him inconvenience or unhappiness:

Examples:

 I must apologize to Isabel for my late arrival.

 I'd like to apologize for my
 Trouble making.
 Trains may be subject to delay on the northern line. We apologize for any
inconvenience caused.
 Here are some expressions you can use to make and respond to apologies

Making apologies:

 I do apologize for...
 I must apologize for...
 I apologize for...
 I'd like to apologize for...
 I am so sorry for...
 I shouldn't have...
 It's my entire fault.
 I'm ashamed of...
 Please, forgive me for...
 Excuse me for ...
 I'm terribly sorry for...
 Pardon me for this...
 Please, forgive me for my....
 Please, accept my apologies for...

Accepting apologies:

 That's all right.

 Never mind.
 Don't apologize.
 It doesn't matter.
 Don't worry about it.
22
 Don't mention it.
 That's OK.
 I quite understand.
 You couldn't help it.
 Forget about it.
 Don't worry about it.
 No harm done.

I couldn’t replay your I can’t give your money

I left you at the party
message last night back

I couldn’t come to your I use your pulse to call

I brought your sandals
birthday party my friend

I break your heart I can’t receive your love I’m late

I could not join your I couldn’t answer your

I broke your phone
class yesterday telephone

I couldn’t come to your

I can’t give you money I can’t help you
wedding party

23
 EXPRESSING ONE’S EMOTION

Emosi merupakan bagian tak terpisahkan dari kehidupan kita sehari-hari. Semua kita
mengalaminya. Meskipun beberapa emosi itu baik, namun yang lainnya tidak baik dan perlu
dikontrol.
Berikut beberapa ungkapan bahasa Inggris
yang bisa digunakan untuk mengungkapkan
atau menyatakan emosi-emosi negatif
seperti rasa marah, frustrasi, khawatir,
kecemasan, dan lain-lain.
Mengungkapkan Rasa Marah (Anger)
- I can’t stand him any longer
Ungkapan ini sama artinya dengan ‘I can
no longer tolerate his behavior‘
(saya tidak bisa lagi mentolerir sikapnya).
Contoh:
Jack has such a short fuse. I can’t stand him any longer (Jack orangnya sangat mudah
marah. Saya tidak bisa lagi mentolerir sikapnya).
Orang yang memiliki ‘short fuse’ maksudnya orang yang sangat mudah marah.

- Don’t take it out on me!

‘To take it out on’ pada seseorang berarti memaki-maki orang karena anda marah.

Contoh:

You can’t take it out on me just because you had a bad day today
(Kamu jangan marah-marah padaku hanya karena kamu merasa sial hari ini).
She always yells and takes it out on me whenever things go wrong
(Dia selalu meneriaki dan memaki-makiku jika ada yang salah).

- Flare up at somebody
‘Flare up’ adalah ledakan emosi secara tiba-tiba.

Contoh:

I just asked her what was wrong with her appearance and he flared up at me
(Saya baru saja menanyainya tentang keanehan penampilannya dan dia tiba-tiba marah
kepadaku).

24
- Don’t get on my nerves
To get on somebody’s nerves berarti mengganggu seseorang.

Contoh:

Her constant nagging is starting to get on my nerves

(Omelannya yang terus menerus mulai membuatku terganggu).
Throw a fit
To throw a fit adalah memperlihatkan rasa marah dengan tindakan nyata.
I just told her that she must behave and she threw a fit
(Saya hanya mengatakan bahwa dia harus menjaga etika dan dia marah besar).

- Leave me alone
Ungkapan ini berarti seseorang tidak ingin diganggu karena sedang kesal. Contoh:

Plase leave me alone, I don’t want to see you here

(Tolong tinggalkan aku sendirian, saya tidak ingin melihatmu di sini).

Kecemasan (Anxiety)
- What’s on your mind?
You look worried. What’s on your mind?
(Kamu kelihatan cemas. Ada apa?)
Jean is unusualy silet today. She must have something on her mind
(Hari ini Jean selalu diam tak seperti biasanya. Dia pasti sedang memikirkan sesuatu).

Kekhawatiran (Fear)
- Keep one’s nerve
To keep your nerve berarti bersikap tenang dan tegar.
Even though I was well prepared, I couldn’t keep my nerve just before the exam
(Meskipun saya sudah mempersiapkan dirid engan baik, saya tetap tidak bisa tenang sebelum
ujian itu).
The thought of having to say love to her really unnerves me (Keinginan untuk harus
mengatakan cinta padanya benar-benar membuatku cemas).
Jika sesuatu meng-’unnerve’ anda berarti hal itu membuat anda merasa takut atau
cemas.(adapted: English speaking

25
The question

1. What do you know about emotion?

2. What problem does usually make you angry, happy, confused and panic?
3. What will you do if you get that problem? Why?

The vocabulary
 Brave Cheerful :
 Cheerful Bored :
 Confused Surprised :
 Curious Proud :
 Disappointed Frustrated :
 Embarrassed Silly :
 Excited Uncomfortable :
 Fantastic Worried :
 Friendly Stubborn :
 Generous Shy :
 Ignored Satisfied ;
 Impatient Safe :
 Important Relieved :
 Interested Peaceful :
 Jealous Overwhelmed :
 Lonely Loving :
 Confused Tense :
 Angry Calm :

26
 FAMILY & RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS

 Signs of family and relationship problems

 Triggers for family and relationship problems
 The impact of family and relationship problems
 Things you can do if you are having family/relationship problems
 Where to go for help

All relationships and families go through difficult times and experiencing occasional
problems and conflict in personal relationships is normal. However, sometimes these
problems can become overwhelming.

Signs of family and relationship problems

 Frequent arguing
 Disagreements
 Breakdown in communication
 Angry outbursts
 Avoidance
 Physical conflict

Triggers for family and relationship problems

 Difference in opinions, personalities, beliefs, values or goals

 Change in family circumstances e.g. new baby, divorce/separation, blending families
 Financial problems
 Stress
 Issues relating to sexuality
 Alcohol or drug use
 Gambling problems
 The onset of mental health problems
 Bullying/harassment
 Natural disasters
 Lack of trust/respect in a relationship

The impact of family and relationship problems

Often family are the most important people to you so relationship problems can be
considerably distressing and can lead to:

 Negative emotions – anger, sadness, anxiety

 Stress
 Exhaustion
 Confusion
 Feeling isolated, alone or withdrawn
27
  Lack of concentration
 Difficulty eating or sleeping
 Problems with friends, colleagues or your children
 Using alcohol or drugs to cope or escape

Things you can do if you are having family/relationship problems back to top

1. Talk - communication is the key and often the first step to finding solutions. Be calm
and honest about your concerns when discussing your problems with a loved one.
2. Accept your differences - it can help avoid unnecessary conflict if you can recognize
that people have different ideas, opinions and beliefs and you may not always be in
agreement.
3. Have fun together - even when things are tough, it's important to find the time to have
fun with your loved ones.
4. Make a plan - it can help reduce stress and give common goals to work towards. For
example if you are having financial problems it can help to create a budget.
5. Get help - you may not always be able to solve your problems yourself so you may
need some external help.

Where to go for help back

 Talk to friends/family
 Get relationship counseling or mediation
 Check out online information and resources through Relationships Australia
 Attend courses/workshops in communication, parenting, budgeting and positive
communication skills
 See your GP if you are concerned about mental health problems in yourself or others
 Call a helpline like Lifeline or Kids Helpline

28
 EXPRESSING LIKES AND DISLIKES

To talk about your likes and dislikes, you can use these expressions.

Expressing likes:

 I like…
 I love...
 I adore…
 I ‘m crazy about…
 I’m mad about…
 I enjoy…
 I’m keen on…

Expressing dislikes:

 I don’t like…
 I dislike...
 I hate…
 I abhor…
 I can’t bear...
 I can’t stand…
 I detest...
 I loathe...

Examples of likes and dislikes:

I'm mad about basketball, but I can’t bear ice hockey.

I adore reading poetry, but I loathe doing the housework.

If you neither like nor dislike something:

"I don't mind doing the housework."

Things to remember about likes and dislikes:

1. When these expressions are followed by a verb, the latter is put in the -ing form.
Examples:

"I like listening to music."

"I hate wearing sunglasses."

I like

I detest VERB+ING

I don't mind

29
2. Note that" very much" & “a lot" always come after the things you like.
Examples:

"I like basketball very much/a lot. NOT" I like very much/a lot basketball."

3. Be careful when you use "I don't mind..."

Examples:

"Do you mind playing football?"

"No, I don't mind."(Although it's in a negative form, it means that it's ok for me. I neither love
it nor hate it.)

Dialogue:

Steve is at home. His girlfriend comes in...Notice how they express their likes and dislikes

Steve: Hello, darling. Do you fancy watching a film tonight?

Girlfriend: Oh, no thanks, I don't really feel like watching a film tonight. How about
going out instead.

Steve: OK. Do you feel like going to the theater?

Girlfriend: Oh, no. I hate it. Do you like eating at the new Chinese restaurant?

Steve: I don't mind. The Chinese cuisine is alright.

Girlfriend: Well I really love it. Let's go.

30
 VACATION OR ITINERARY

A vacation or holiday is a specific trip or journey, usually for the purpose of recreation or
tourism. Vacations are often spent with friends or family. A person may take a longer break
from work, such as a sabbatical or gap year and for students in USA, they have fall, winter,
spring, or summer break.
Vocabulary
Amusement park : taman hiburan
Campground : perkemahan
Mountain : gunung
Beach : pantai
Island : pulau
Trip : perjalanan
Lake : danau
Museum : musium
Destination : tujuan
Zoo : kebun binatang
Waterfall : air terjun
Cruise Ship : kapal pesiar
Diving : menyelam
Surfing : berselancar
Tour guide : pemandu wisata
Tourist : wisatawan
sight-seeing : melihat-lihat
souvenir : oleh-oleh
visit : mengunjungi
spend : menghabiskan

1. Did you ever take a vacation?

2. When did you have a vacation?
3. How long did you spend for your vacation?
4. Where did you go on your vacation?
5. Whom did you go with?
6. How was your vacation?
7. Which place will you visit next time?, why?
31
 COMPLAINING - TALKING ABOUT COMPLAINTS

What are complaints?

Complaints are expressions of "displeasure or annoyance" in response to an action that is seen

by the speaker as unfavorable. Suppose you want to complain about the pizza you have just
ordered because it's too salty, what are the expressions needed to express and respond to
complaints?

Complaining:

Here are expressions you can use when complaining:

 I have a complaint to make. ...

 Sorry to bother you but...
 I'm sorry to say this but...
 I'm afraid I've got a complaint about...
 I'm afraid there is a slight problem with...
 Excuse me but there is a problem about...
 I want to complain about...
 I'm angry about...

Examples:

I have a complaint to make. Your pizza is just too salty.

I'm sorry to say this but your food is inedible.

1. I'm afraid I've got a complaint about your child. He’s too noisy.

2. I'm afraid there is a slight problem with the service in this hotel.

3. Excuse me but you are standing on my foot.

4. I want to complain about the noise you are making.

5. I'm angry about the way you treat me.

32
Responding to complaints

Positive response to complaints:

 I'm so sorry, but this will never occur / happen again.

 I'm sorry, we promise never to do the same mistake again.
 I'm really sorry; we'll do our utmost/best not to do the same mistake again.

Negative response to complaints:

 Sorry there is nothing we can do about it.

 I'm afraid; there isn't much we can do about it.
 We are sorry but the food is just alright.

Things to remember about complaints:

When expressing a complaint in English, it helps to be polite. Although "I'm angry about
your pizza. It's too salty" is one possible way of expressing a complaint, it is considered too
rude and you'd better use more polite expressions if you want to get what you want!

33
 MAKING ACCEPTING OR DECLINING INDIRECT
REQUEST

Making in Request

 Would you like to…?

 I would very happy if…?
 We would be delighted if you…?
 Would you care to..?
 We would be pleased if you could…?
 Would you care to…?

Accepting

 That’s very kind of you

 We’d like very much to….
 What a delightful idea
 With the greatest pleasure
 Thank you very much for inviting me
 It’s delightful to….

Declining

 I’m very sorry, I don’t

 Think I can.
 I’d like to, but ….
 I’m afraid I’ve
 Already promised….
 Thank you for asking me, but ….

Dialog Examples

Ardinka inviting Andi & Afrinda to go to the movies.

Ardinka : Hi Andi !
Andi : Hi Ardinka !
Ardinka : Hi Afrinda !
Afrinda : Hi, What’s up??
Ardinka : there is a new action movie very well tonight. Will you go to the movies with me?
Andi : Really?? Wow, would be very great. Yes, I will.
Ardinka : yes, very great! And How about you Afrinda?
Afrinda : Of Course, I’m so excited. What time are we going?
Ardinka : We go at 07.00 pm. ok!
Andi & Afrinda : Alright.

34
 EXPRESSING HOPE

The difference between "wish" and "hope"

How to use "wish"

 Wish is most commonly used in
Hypothetical (or imagined/unreal) situations:
Example:
I wish (that) you were here.
(Unfortunately, you're not, and I miss you.)
 Sometimes wish is used in greeting

How to use "hope"

 Hope can also be used in expressions
of goodwill, but the grammar is slightly different:
Examples:
I hope (that) you have a Merry Christmas. (some time in the future)
I hope (that) you had a nice Birthday. (some time in the past)

 Hope can be used to specify a desired outcome. For future hopes, the possibilities
remain open, but for past hopes, the outcome has usually been determined already.
Examples:
I hope you can come to the party on Saturday.(future possibility)
I was hoping that you would come to the party.(but you didn't)
I had hoped to see you at the party on Saturday. (but I didn't)

Other ways to express hope

You can also express hope in the following ways:

 I would like to have a car.

 I really want to have a car
 What I really want is to have a car.

Remember:

 "I wish you had done the work" is regret. You didn't do the work (in the past) and I am
annoyed because of that.

 Talking about Favorite Things or color?" "Green."

35
 FUTURE PLAN ACTIVITY

Here are some sample phrases and sentences for talking about the future.
See also: Free-English-Study: Talking about the Future

1. What will you do tomorrow?
2. When will you finish?
3. What will we do in class today?
4. Where will they put the table?
5. When will Joe leave for New York?
6. How will he get there?
I'll help my mom with the housework.
In the afternoon.
We'll play some word games.
They'll put it next to the window.
He'll leave right after dinner.
He'll take the bus.

Note: Another way of talking about the future is with the phrase "be going to" + verb.
For example,
I am going to eat out tonight.
Mr. Wolfe is going to stay home. What are you going to do tomorrow?
I'm going to visit my grandmother. How are you going to get there?
I'm going to walk through the forest.
Please be careful!
For Conversation practice:
Situations: Talking about the Future
For more information, see:
Grammar: Simple Future Tense
Statement Answer
1. Which sofa should we buy? This one is larger, but it is also more expensive.
2. I need a new watch. The Classie is nicer than the Time box. That one
is less affordable though.
3. Which runner are you cheering for? Sammy. He's the fastest. But Timmy is the most
handsome
4. I like the blue sweater. I think the red one is better. But the green one is
the best.
5. How much sugar should I add? Only a little. That's too much!

36
 TALKING ABOUT HOUSING IN CITY

1. What is kind of the housing in city?

2. How is the condition of housing in city?
3. How is the society there?
4. What is the advantage and disadvantage?
5. Do you have any plan to live in the city?

Power word

1. Luxurious : mewah/ elegan

2. Design : desain
3. Imperial : kekerajaan
4. Simple : sederhana
5. Price : harga
6. Neighborhood : kerukunan tetangga
7. Well being : sejahter
8. Interior : desain dalam
9. Safety : keamanan
10. Private : pribadi
11. Self centric : individual/ egois
12. Medium : biasa
13. Compound : kumuh

37
 EXPRESSION OF MAKING, ACCEPTING AND DECLINING
INVITATION

Expression of making accepting and declining invitation

Sometimes, we have a situation and have to also invite some of friends to come. There are
many situations that probably happened in our daily life, such as meeting, birthday
party, graduation party etc. of course, we have to make an invitation for our guests. There
will be two answers for them who are invited by us, they may come or accept the invitation
and they may not come or decline the invitation. The situation will be divided into formal and
informal. There is differences expression that is use in the different context of situation.
Expression to make, accept or decline in vitiation in formal situation.

1. Making in vitiation
 Would you like to…?
 I would very happy if…?
 We would be delighted if you…?
 Would you care to..?
 We would be pleased if you could…?
 Would you care to…?
 Why don’t you come to…
 Like to come to …
 Come and …
 Shall we come to …
 You must come to …

2. Accepting invitation
 That’s very kind of you
 We’d like very much to….
 What a delightful idea
 with the greatest pleasure
 Thank you very much for inviting me
 That would be very nice
 OK, I will be there!
 I’d like love to come.
 All right.
 Sure, I am coming

3. Declining invitation
 I’m very sorry, I don’t
 I’d like to, but ….
 I’m afraid I’ve
 Already promised….
 Thank you for asking me, but ….

38
  Unfortunately, I can’t….
 Sort, I can’t.
 I’d love to, but …
 I don’t think I can.
 In wish I could, but …
 Sorry, I am very busy
 Sorry, may be next time
 Thank you, but I can’t
 Sorry, I don’t think I
 Can’t make it
 I’m so sorry I can make it

Dialog Examples:
Dialog 1

Ardinka invites Andi & Afrinda to go to the movies.

Ardinka : Hi Andi !
Andi : Hi Ardinka !
Ardinka : Hi Afrinda !
Afrinda : Hi, What’s up??
Ardinka : there is a new action movie very well tonight.
Will you go to the movies with me?
Andi : Really?? Wow, would be very great. Yes, I will.
Ardinka : yes, very great! And How about you, Afrinda?
Afrinda : Of Course, I’m so excited. What time are we going?
Ardinka : We go at 07.00 pm. ok!
Andi & Afrinda : Alright.

Dialog 2
Ardinka & Andi is very busy with homework. Afrinda invited them to his house for a party.

Afrinda : Hi Andi and Hi Ardinka. How are you?

Andi : Hi Afrinda, I’m fine.
Ardinka : and me too.
Afrinda : Glad to hear that. By the way, Can you go to my house tonight?
My family wants to throw a party.
Andi : Thank you very much. But, I’m very busy with my homework.
Ardinka : Sorry, I’m very busy.
Afrinda : Ok, no problem.
Andi : I hope you enjoy your party.
Afrinda : Alright, bye!
Ardinka & Andi : bye.

39
 LIVING IN YOUR HOME

The property must be your main or only home. If you do not live in the home we will
take action to end your tenancy.

When you filled in your application

for housing you told us who will be
living with you – your household.
This can change over time, and you must
let us know if someone moves into
or out of your home.
This includes family members who count
this as their home but don’t live
There all the time.

We need to know this so that we can:

 make sure the home is not getting overcrowded;
 let all adults in the household know if we are going to do anything that may affect
their rights; and
 Be sure who might have a right to take the tenancy over if anything happens to you.

If you want to take in a lodger, you must get our written permission first. To get our
permission, contact your housing officer.

 Action : tindakan  Include : memasukkan

 Tenancy : sewa menyewa  Sure : yakin
 Household : rumah tangga  Overcrowded : keramaian
 Change : mengganti  Affect : mempengaruhi
 Move : pindah  Lodger : penumpang makan
Idiom
 Get to the top of the tree : memperoleh penghasilan yang sangat tinggi
 In the neighborhood of : berdekatan dengan …

Questions

 Can you tell me where your home is?

 Who lives in your home?
 What are the facilities in your home?
 What piece do you like in your home?
 Can tell me the education around your home?
 How about the environment there?
 Can you tell me the nature there?
 Can you tell me the culture around your home?

40
 TELLING ABOUT SPECIAL ACTIVITY

Special activity is some activities that you like or become your special hobby. Every
day and everywhere you do.

For example:

Every week each class visits the lab DC dance studio and attends a break-dance lesson
with Mr. Duane and Mr. Antonio. The children enjoy learning the basic steps in break
dancing, develop their gross motor skills, and cultivate their creativity in inventing their on
freezes and dances steps.

Vocabulary
Get up : bangun tidur lying down : leyeh2
Manage : mengelola take down : memindahkan
Share : curhat tired of : bosan
Wait : menunggu well known : terkenal
Brush : menyikat day after day : sehari hari
For a while : sebentar
Question

 What your special activity?

 Why do you like it?
 With whom do you do your special activity?
 How many times do you do your special activity on one day?
 What goods do you need?

41
 CAUSE AND EFFECT

When we talk about an effect resulting from a certain cause, we use expressions such
as: because, since, as, owing to, due to...

Examples
 The police arrested him because he broke into a bank.
 The police arrested him since he broke into a bank.
 She can't read the letter as she is illiterate.
 He can't run fast for he is too fat.
 Owing to his intelligence, he managed to solve the problem.
 Due to the bad weather, they didn't go for a picnic.

Other ways to express cause and effect:

You can also express cause and effect as follows:

 The cause of …is…

 …is caused by / is due to …
 Thanks to ...

Examples:

The cause of global

is pollution.
warming

is caused by

Global warming Pollution.

is due to

Thanks to his hard work , he passed the exam

42
Is there a difference between due to and owing to?
Owing to and due to are used interchangeably by native speakers although some state that
there is a difference.
a. Due to:
If you can use caused by then you can also use due to:
Example:
"The cancellation of the flight was due to (caused by) high winds."
b. Owing to:
If you can use because of then you should use owing to rather than due to:
Example:
"The flight was canceled owing to (because of) high winds."
Use of thanks to
People tend to use thanks to in positive situations.
Example:
"Thanks to his intelligence he managed to find the solution to that math problem."
Sometimes thanks to is used ironically in a negative way
Example:
"Did she lose the election?"
"Yeah, thanks to you and to all the others who didn't bother to vote."
"The baby is awake, thanks to your shouting."
Things to remember about cause and effect:
a. Due to, because of, owing to and thanks to are followed by a noun.
b. Because, since, as, for are followed by a verb.

Due to because

Because of since
+ Noun Subject + Verb
Owing to As

Thanks to for

Examples:

 Due to his laziness, he didn't pass the exam.

 Thanks to her beauty, she attracted the attention of all the guests.
 Because / since /as / they are in love, they forgive each other's mistakes.
43
 ASKING ABOUT FAVORITE THINGS

Talking about favorite things

When you talk about your favorite things you talk about the best liked or most enjoyed things.

Examples:

 "What's your favorite color?" "Green."

Study the dialogue:

Leila is talking to her new friend Cathy:

Leila: What kind of films do you like best?

Cathy: Science fiction. And you?
Leila: Comedy. And who's your favorite actor?
Cathy: Tom Cruise.
Leila: I like Robert de Nero most.

Asking about favorite things:

 What's your favorite sport?

 What sport do you like best?
 What sport do you like most?
 What kind of sport do you like best?
 Who's your favorite football player?

Responding:

 My favorite sport is football.

 I like football best.
 I like football most.
 My favorite football player is Ronaldo.

Things to remember:

 "Favorite" is British spelling.

 "Favorite" is American spelling.

44
 TALKING ABOUT FEAR

Talking about fear

There are many words and expressions you can use to talk about fear.

Questions:

 How did you feel?

 How did you react?
 What was your reaction?
 Were you afraid of...?
 Were you scared of...?
 Were you terrified of...?

Responses:
terrified, spooked, petrified ...

I was afraid of ...

frightened of ...
scared of ...

It was a terrifying ordeal.

Scared the hell out of me.

It Sent shivers out of me.
Frightened the life out of me.
Gave me Goosebumps.
Jumped out of my skin.
I
Shook with fear.

Short dialogue:

Latifa is talking about her fear when she saw the criminal

Nancy: How did you feel when you saw the criminal?

Latifa: I jumped out of my skin.

45
 GIVING AND RESPONDING TO
GOOD AND BAD NEWS
Giving news
There are different ways to give news:

Giving good and bad news

 I'm really pleased to tell you...

 I've got a bit of good news to tell you..
 I've got some good / brilliant / great / wonderful / splendid news for you...
 You know what! I've got a bit of great news for you...
 Great news for you...
 I'm afraid I've got some bad news for you...
 I'm sorry I've got a bit of bad news to tell you..
 I really don’t know how to say it, but …
 I’m sorry to have to say this, but …
 I really feel bad to have to say this, but …

Responding to news

Responding to good news

 Wow, that sounds exciting!

 That’s great!
 How fantastic!
 What fantastic / good / brilliant / great / wonderful / splendid news!
 That's good / brilliant / great / wonderful / splendid news!
 That sounds like great news!
 Congratulations!
 That’s wonderful / fantastic!
 I’m glad to hear that!
 Great news!
 Incredible!
 Superb!
 Sounds great!
 Lucky you!
 Oh, how wonderful!
 I can’t believe that!

Responding to bad news

 I’m awfully sorry that…

 I’m sorry to hear that..
 I’m sorry to hear such terrible news.

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 My goodness!
 I can’t believe it!
 Poor you!
 I do sympathize with you.
 Please, accept my deepest sympathy.
 I know how you must be feeling.
 That must be awful
 Oh, dear!
 Too bad!
 That’s awful / a pity / unfortunate.

GOOD NEWS

You are the best student

You get promotion You get a gift
in this period

We are invited to join to

You win the competition She/he loves you
America

You get scholarship in You get high score in

We will get long holiday
Australia examination

BAD NEWS

You get punishment

Your mobile is lost Your pat is dead
from functionaries

You get bad score in Your boy/girl friend

Your car is broken
examination makes a fair

You don’t pass the The teacher is angry at Your mother is getting
examination you sick

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 SHOCK AND DISBELIEF

Expressing shock and disbelief

It is sometimes difficult to say how you feel in unexpected situations, such as natural
disasters, bad news .., especially when you feel sad.

Here's a list of some common expressions to help you express

 shock
 And disbelief.

Shock:
Shocked to hear…
I was Stunned by...
taken aback by…

... came as
a complete shock.
I'm in

Examples:
 I was shocked to hear the news.
 I was stunned / taken aback by the news
 I was completely taken aback by his behavior.
 I was just stunned by her clothes.
 The news came as a complete shock.
 We're all in complete shock.

Disbelief:
Can’t believe…
I (just)
can't imagine…

Unbelievable.
It's
Incredible.

Examples:

 I just can't believe he won the race.

 It's unbelievable that they got married
 I just can't imagine they were able to get along with each other.

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