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Absolute Beginner S1
A Multipurpose Hindi Word
 Hindi
!"#!$ %&$ '( ")%*$+$, - .$( /01 2#3 4?

.52! *$&6 2#3 47

!"#!$ '(89 :8 ;<= +$, /01 8> /9?> @$"#:7

.52! #$A, 'B CD2E +$, /01 @$"#:7

Romanization
Mahimaa kya us rikshaavaaley ke paas joote naheen hain?
Punam Shaayad naheen hain.
Mahimaa Usko ek acche vaale joote kee joree chaahie.
Punam Haan, use lakhnau vaale joote chaahie.

English
Mahima Does that rickshaw driver not have shoes?
Punam Maybe not.
Mahima He needs a nice pair of shoes.
Punam Yes, he needs shoes from Lucknow.

Vocabulary
Hindi Romanization English
")%*$+$C$ rikshaavaalaa rickshaw driver

- ke of

/01 joote shoes

*$&6 shaayad maybe

'(89 usko to her

 'B use to her

;<= +$, achhe vaale nice

/9?> joree pair

CD2E +$, lakhnau vaale from lucknow

@$"#: caahie need

.$( paas to have, to posses

Vocabulary Sample Sentences

")%*$+$C$ ")%*$ @C$ )#$ F7 The rickshaw driver is riding the rickshaw.
G.- .$( 69 H?I J) F7 You have two big houses.
KL /01 MNO 47 My shoes are dirty.
*$&6 +# 2#3 G:M$7 Maybe he won't come.
'(89 H5C$P7 Call him.
'B H5C$P7 Call him.
!5QI R>2 ;<= +$, 8!L @$"#:7 I need three nice rooms.
&# !9/S 8> /9?> HTR !#AM> F7 These pair of socks are very expensive.
KL .?9(> (H CD2E +$, 47 All my neighbors are from Lucknow.
G. (H 89 %&$ @$"#:? What do you all want?
%&$ R5U#$L .$( :8 .V2 F? Do you have a pen?

Vocabulary Phrase Usage

1. !" (use) and '(89 (usko) mean the same thing: "to him."
89 (ko) means "to."
'( (us) means "him/her."
Therefore, '( (us) + 89 (ko) is '(89 (usko) or 'B, use ("him/her"). This is only used to refer to people
who are a little further away (in terms of physical distance.)
For people who are a relatively closer in distance, "him/her" is W( (is) and "to him/to her" is W(89 (isko)
or WB (ise).

2. #$%& '() (lakhnau vaale) can mean a lot of things. The meaning always depends on the context. It
could mean "people from Lucknow," or "things and goods that are from Lucknow."

3. ;<= +$, (acche vaale) means "nice." Although it's more of a phrase than a word, it can be used as the
adjective ;<= (acche) which also means "nice."

Grammar Points
The Focus of This Lesson is '(#( (vaalaa)
*+( !, -.*/('() 0 1(, 234 %56 7?
kya us rikshaavaaley ke paas joote naheen hain?
"Does that rickshaw driver not have shoes?"

+$C$ (vaalaa) does not have a proper translation in Hindi. It is always used with something else, and that
determines its meaning.

Commodities

When +$C$ (vaalaa) is used with a commodity, it means the seller of that commodity.

For Example:

1. XY (doodh) is "milk" and XY +$C$ (doodh vaalaa) is "milkman."

2. (Z/> (sabjee) is "vegetable" and (Z/> +$C$ (sabjee vaalaa) is "vegetable seller."
3. [C (phal) is "fruit" and [C +$C$ (phal vaalaa) is "fruit seller."
4. [\C (phool) "flower" and [\C +$C$ (phool vaalaa) is "flower seller."
Places

When +$C$ (vaalaa) is used with a place it means a person or a thing that is from that place.

For Example:

1. "6]C>+$C$ (dillivaalaa) is "a person/thing from Delhi."

2. )$/^_$2+$C$ (raajasthaanvaalaa) is "a person/thing from Rajasthan."
3. /$.$2+$C$ (jaapaanvaalaa) is a person/thing from "Japan."

Vehicles

When +$C$ (vaalaa) is used with vehicles it means a person who rides that thing.

For Example:

1. ")%*$+$C$ (rikshaavaalaa) is "rickshaw driver."

2. `V%(>+$C$ (taikseevaalaa) is "taxi driver."
3. a8+$C$ (trakvaalaa) is "truck driver."

But it's not that straightforward:

The above examples are some very basic and general interpretations of the +$C$ (vaalaa) words.
However, their meanings always change with context. So for example, even though we said that
`V%(>+$C$ (taiksivaalaa) means "taxi driver," it could also mean others like the "owner of the taxi," the
"person standing next to the taxi," the "person sitting inside the taxi," and so on.

In addition, if +$C$ (vaalaa) is used with action words, i.e., verbs then it describes someone who is
performing the action.

For Example:

1. .bc +$C$ (parhne vaalaa) means "the one who is studying."

2. M$c +$C$ (gaane vaalaa) means "the one who is singing."
3. 2$@c +$C$ (naachne vaalaa) means "the one who is dancing."
Examples from This Lesson

1. us rikshaavaaley ke paas joote naheen hain?

2. Usko ek acche vaale joote kee joree chaahie.
3. Haan, use lakhnau vaale joote chaahie.

Examples from This Dialogue

1. %&$ '( ")%*$+$, - .$( /01 2#3 4?

kya us rikshaavaaley ke paas joote naheen hain?
"Does that rickshaw driver not have shoes?"
2. #$A, 'B CD2E +$, /01 @$"#:7
Haan, use lakhnau vaale joote chaahie.
"Yes, he needs shoes from Lucknow."

Sample Sentences

1. ;DH$)+$, 89 &#$ H5C$P7

Akhbaarvaalaa ko yahaan bulao.
"Call the newspaperman here."
2. @dK +$, C?- 8$ 2$! %&$ F?
Chashme vaaley larke kaa naam kyaa hai?
"What is the name of the boy with glasses?"

Language Tip

+$C$ (vaalaa) like nouns and adjectives in Hindi, changes its form depending on the gender and number
of the nouns.
+$C$ (vaalaa) is for singular male,

+$C> (vaalee) is for singular and plural female, and

+$, (vaale) is for plural male.

For Example:

1. ;<e$ +$C$ C?8$

acchaa larkaa
"the nice boy"
2. ;<e> +$C> C?8>
acchee vaalee larkee
"the nice girl"
3. ;<e> +$C> C?"8&S
acchee vaalee larkiyon
"the nice girls"
4. ;<= +$, C?-
acche vale larke
"the nice boys"

Cultural Insight
India's Many Ways of Transportation

Did you know that many parts of India, especially the villages, use bullock carts for transportation? In
the early days, if you were fortunate enough to have been born into a wealthy family, you could be
transported on a palanquin or on elephants! Even today, you can still find some interesting means of
transport in India. In the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, you can travel on camels. There are also auto
"rickshaws" which are three wheeler taxis. In Bangkok you'd see a variant of this called tuktuk. There
are handpulled rickshaws as well as cycle rickshaws.