EXPERIMENT 8 : ANIMAL TISSUE

OBJECTIVE

To recognised the four basic tissue and their common mammalian subtypes. To list the
functions of the four basic tissue and their common mammalian subtypes. To explain how
the four basic tissues combine to make organs.

MATERIALS

1. Compound microscope, prepared slides of whole mount of mesentery (simple

squamous epithelium)
2. Section of the cortex of the mammalian kidney
3. Section of trachea
4. Small intestine c.s. (preferably of ileum)
5. Section of esophagus
6. Section of mammalian skin
7. Section of contracted and distended urinary bladders
8. Teased spread of loose (areolar) connective tissue tendon, 1.s.
9. Compact bone ground c.s.
10. Section of white adipose tissue
11. Section of the three muscle types
12. Smear of the spinal cord of an ox (neurons)
PROCEDURE

1. A slides of specimen of the materials was prepared and the slide had listed as follow:
(a) Skin epithelium tissue
(b) Mammals muscle
(c) Mammal bladder
(d) Squamous epithelium
(e) Mammal trachea
(f) Mammal neuron
(g) Mammal adipose tissue
(h) Human ileum
(i) Bone
(j) Kidney
2. Light microscope was prepared and the slides of specimen which has been prepared
was observed under the microscope.
3. The total magnification of blue (40 x 10) was used to observe the slides and the
image of the specimen was recorded.
DISCUSSION

There is a different type of tissue which inside of an animal and our body which is
the epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. Each type of the
tissue have a different function which being used in daily life such as running, eating,
hunting and more. If one of these tissue are malfunction, it may disturb our daily life activity
which can lead to dead.

Epithelial tissue or or epithelia (singular) which is cover the outside of the body and
line organs cavities within the body. Because epithelial cell are closely packed, often with
tight junction, they function as a barrier against mechanical injury, pathogens, and fluid
loss. Besides, epithelia also form active interfaces with the environment such as the
epithelium which that lines the nasal passage is crucial for olfaction, the sense of smell.
There are a few types of epithelial tissue such as the stratified squamous epithelium,
cuboidal epithelium, simple columnar epithelium, simple squamous epithelium, and
pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Other than epithelial tissue, connective tissue consisting of a sparse population of

cell scattered through an extracellular matrix which it holds many tissues and organs
together and in place. The matrix consists of a web of fibers embedded in a liquid or a solid
foundation. Within the matrix are numerous cells called fibroblasts (secrete fiber proteins)
and macrophages (engulf foreign protein particles and any cell debris by phagocytosis).
There are a few types of connective tissue such as loose connective tissue, fibrous
connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, blood, and bone. For this experiment, we only
observe for adipose tissue and bone.