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Chapter 1
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitations
Conceptual Paradigm
Definition of Terms
Introduction
Mushrooms are rare type of fungi. Since ancient times, mushrooms have been attracting attention
of mankind and have been used as food. Nowadays, mushrooms are one of the food sources that are
common in rural areas. This is because of the abundance of food source such as fallen tree trunks and
rotting wood stumps, which intensified by the maintained temperature and humidity caused by the
environment. The team observed that more developed urban cities like the city of Imus has a very
minimal or limited production of mushroom. This whole idea encourages our team to find new ways to
cultivate mushrooms.
Mushroom cultivation has now gained popularity around the world. However, its’ present
cultivation in our country is limited, perhaps due to insufficiency of planting materials and the limited
local knowledge about its culture. Specifically, the cultivation of oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms
are hard to cultivate. It requires a specific substrate to grow with.
The researcher aims to search for new and better ways to cultivate oyster mushrooms. It also
seeks how to generate these species of mushrooms without spending too much money and time.
Statement of the Problem
This study intends to investigate the effectiveness of the banana peelings and rice straws and coffee
grounds as bedding materials for mushroom cultivation. Specifically, the study seeks to determine:
1. The growth of mushroom in terms of different factors
2. Which bedding is the most effective in growing oyster mushroom easier and faster?
bedding materials: rice straw, banana peelings and corn husk
A. Bedding 1; 25 g of rice straw, 50 g of banana peels, 25 g of coffee grounds(1:2:1)
B. Bedding 2; 50 g of rice straw, 25 g of banana peels, 25 g of coffee grounds(2:1:1)
C. Bedding 3; 25 g of rice straw, 25 g of banana peels, 50 g of coffee grounds(1:1:2)
3. Is there a significant difference between the control group and the most effective
bedding materials?
Statement of Hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the control group and the most effective
bedding materials.
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the control group and the most effective
bedding materials.
Agriculturist
They may gain insights and ways on how to cultivate mushrooms by using inexpensive materials.
Productivity in agriculturist will then level up.
Teachers (College professors major in Agriculture)
Improved teaching knowledge and manifestation
Students
Improved general knowledge in the field of mycology and agriculture
Community (Farmers)
Their easy-at-hand mushroom business cultivation.
Future researchers
If the future researchers will try do a related thesis about mushroom cultivation using raw materials, they
can use this thesis as a guide.
This study will look into the effectiveness of banana peels, rice straw, and coffee ground as a bedding
materials for oyster mushroom. Moreover, study will further obtain a large number of productions of
these mushrooms. It will be conducted at #109 Real 1 Bacoor, Cavite from the month of April to July
2014. Portions of the experiment will too place on Ilas’ Mushroom Farm at Nia Road.
This study is limited for cultivating oyster mushrooms and the only usage of the prepared bedding
materials.
Definition of Terms
Bedding materials - added materials for cultivation and propagation of mushroom
Cap – the roof-like part of the mushroom
Mushroom Cultivation - Process of increase in growth and number of mushroom
Mushroom house - it is the place where you put the bedding
Oyster mushroom- one of the most widely eaten mushrooms, Species of Pleurotus may be called oyster,
abalone, or tree mushrooms
Spawn - the propagating material of mushrooms.
Research Design
Materials
Mushroom House
Procedure
Preparation of bedding materials
Bed processing
Harvesting the mushroom
Gathering of data
Statistical Treatment of Data
Chapter 3
Methodology
Research Design
This study will use experimental design particularly the single group, this type involves a single treatment
with two or more levels.
Materials
100 g Rice Straw
100 g Banana Peels
100g Coffee grounds
50 g Corn Husk
100 g Saw Dust
60 mL Tea
4cm x 6 cm plastic container
Indoor thermometer
Weight Caliper
Sand(unknown measurement)
Oyster Mushroom Spawn
Plywood
Height=5’8”
Width=5’6”
Length=8’
Mushroom house
1 A room temperature of 24ºC - 28ºC with diffused light and ventilation is required.
2 Lower temperature adversely affects growth and production of oyster mushroom
3 Sand must be spread on the floor up to 2-3 cm and be kept moist.
4 The room should be made rodent and insect proof.
5 The side and roofs should be partially made from rice straw
END
Growth of Mushroom
Bedding 1; 25 g of rice straw, 50 g kilo of banana peels, 25 g of coffee grounds
Bedding 2; 50 g of rice straw, 25 g of banana peels, 25 g of coffee grounds
Bedding 3; 25 g of rice straw, 25 g of banana peels, 50 g of coffee grounds
Control group 50 g of saw dust, 25 g of corn husk and 50 mL of tea
Conceptual Paradigm
Chapter 2
Related Legal Basis
Related Literature
Related Study
Related Legal Basis
It is hereby declared the policy of the State to promote, propagate, develop further and implement the
practice of organic agriculture in the Philippines that will cumulatively condition and enrich the fertility
of soil, increase farm productivity, reduce pollution and destruction of the environment, prevent the
depletion of natural resources, further protect the health of farmers and, consumers and the general public,
and save on imported farm inputs. Towards this end, a comprehensive program for the promotion of
community-based organic agriculture systems which include, among others, farmers-produced purely
organic fertilizers such as compost, pesticides and other farm inputs, together with a nationwide
educational and promotional campaign for their use and processing as well as adoption of organic
agriculture system as a viable alternative shall be undertaken.
Declaration of Policy
The Civil Code of the Philippines
Art. 441. To the owner belongs:
The natural fruits;
The industrial fruits;
The civil fruits.
Art. 442. Natural fruits are the spontaneous products of the soil. Industrial fruits are those produced by
lands of any kind through cultivation or labor.
Art. 443. He who receives the fruits has the obligation to pay the expenses made by a third person in their
production, gathering, and preservation.
Art. 444. Only such as are manifest or born are considered as natural or industrial fruits.
Related Literature
Health Benefits of Edible Mushrooms: A Mini Review
A mushroom is the reproductive structure produced by some fungi and is the fleshy,spore-bearing fruiting
body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. It is somewhat like the
fruit of a plant, except that the "seeds" it produces are in fact millions of microscopic spores that form in
the gills or pores underneath the mushroom's cap. The spores blow away into the wind, or are spread by
other means, such as animal feeding. If they land on a suitable substrate (such as wood or soil) spores will
germinate to form a network of microscopic rooting threads (mycelium) which penetrate into their new
food source.
Mushroom
A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on
soil or on its food source. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button
mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi
(Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (stipe), a cap (pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing.
lamella) or pores on the underside of the cap."Mushroom" describes a variety of gilled fungi, with or
without stems, and the term is used even more generally, to describe both the fleshy fruiting bodies of
some Ascomycota and the woody or leathery fruiting bodies of some Basidiomycota, depending upon the
context of the forms deviating from the standard morphology usually have more specific names, such as
"puffball", "stinkhorn", and "morel", and gilled mushrooms themselves are often called "agarics" in
reference to their similarity to Agaricus or their place Agaricales. By extension, the term "mushroom" can
also designate the entire fungus when in culture; the thallus (called a mycelium) of species forming the
fruiting bodies called mushrooms; or the species itself.
Edible mushroom
Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several species of fungi.Mushrooms belong to
the macrofungi, because their fruiting structures are large enough to be seen with the naked eye. They can
appear either below ground (hypogeous) or above ground (epigeous) where they may be picked by hand.
Edibility may be defined by criteria that include absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable
taste and aroma. Edible mushrooms are consumed by humans as comestibles for their nutritional value
and they are occasionally consumed for their supposed medicinal value. Mushrooms consumed by those
practicing folk medicine are known as medicinal mushrooms. While hallucinogenic mushrooms (e.g.
Psilocybin mushrooms) are occasionally consumed for recreational or religious purposes, they can
produce severe nausea and disorientation, and are therefore not commonly considered edible mushrooms.
Features of a Mushroom
The body of almost all fungi is a mycelium, which is an interwoven mass of one-cell-thick, thread like
filaments called hypae. Depending on the species, hypae either consist of single elongated cells with
numerous nuclei or are subdivided by partitions called septa.
Mushroom
Mushrooms have been cultivated since ancient times for their nutritional value and flavour especially in
the far eastern countries. The protein found in mushrooms is less than in animals but much more than in
most plants. They have low fat content, high fibre and all essential amino acids and with the exception of
iron, contain all important minerals too.
Eat This During Winter to Radically Reduce Your Risk of the Cold and Flu
Some of the most potent immunosupportive agents come from mushrooms, and science is just beginning
to tap into this vast natural medicine warehouse. There are mushrooms that kill viruses, mushrooms that
kill bacteria, and even mushrooms that kill yeast—which may surprise you, given they're both fungi.
Some mushrooms destroy cancer cells, and others facilitate nerve regeneration. Fungi are incredibly
resilient, even surviving radioactivity.
On exposure to UV-light, mushrooms also produce large amounts of vitamin D, which is normally
difficult to obtain from a regular diet intake. In light of the growing incidences of cancer in today’s world,
it is high time people woke up to the beneficial effects of mushrooms and utilized their cancer-fighting
qualities
Acidity of coffee
In terms of the pH profile, coffee rates as low-acid, coming in at 4.5 – 6.0, depending on the coffee (A pH
of 7.0 is neutral). Most regular sodas, diet sodas, orange juice and lemonade are significantly more acidic,
at 2.0 – 3.0 pH. Coffee has a multitude of chemical constituents; it’s more complex than wine. It is
possible that the acids (of which there are many) are the culprit, but coffee does contain other components
that are potentially irritating to the human gut. Despite all the research that’s been done, there is still much
that is unknown about how
the different elements in coffee react in our bodies.Acidity in coffee is not related to its level,
and is actually considered to be a desirable quality.
Related Study
Comparative study on growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on different
substrates
Experiment was carried out in the mushroom cultivation laboratory, Horticulture Center, Khairtala,
Jessore to evaluate the better performance of oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida in different substrate
compositions as well as to find out the better substrate for mushroom cultivation. Highest mycelium
running rate was found in banana leaves and rice straw (1:1) but the lowest in control. Completion of
mycelium running time was lowest in banana leaves and rice straw (1:3 and 3:1). Number of total
primordia and effective primordia, found highest in control but the maximum pileus thickness was
measured from rice straw. Highest biological yield and economic yield (164.4 g and 151.1 g) was
obtained from rice straw which was much higher than control.
Cultivation Of Mushroom (Pleurotus Florida) By Using Two Different Agricultural Wastes In Laboratory
Condition
An approach for cultivation of paddy straw and cotton mushroom (Pleurotus florida) was experimented in
our lab condition. The result of trail conducted during the month of March 2008 reveled the possibility of
culturing Pleurotus florida in our lab conditions.Mushroom packs or mushroom beds with paddy straw
and cotton as a substrates were put in the lab and maintained temperature at 230C and humidity 80% for 4
weeks for paddy straw and for cotton 7 weeks. An average yield of ½ kg/pack was obtained in 4 weeks in
paddy straw and 1 kg was obtained in cotton waste after 7 weeks. So cotton waste gave more amount of
mushrooms comparatively paddy straw mushroom.
Effects of Oryza sativa (rice straw mulch) on the growth of Brassica junsea (Mustard)
Conclusion- Using rice straw mulch gave the most significant results
Mulches shade and insulate the soil and thus lower the soil temperature, reduction is as good thing on a
hot summer day, but is a detriment when it slows plant growth in the spring or delays field work because
the soil stays wet too long. It gives plant more uniform temperature about the roots. Mulch act as blanket,
protecting soil from sun; converse moisture.