Plants.

Plants are multicellular organisms. Like all living things, they

carry out the three life processes of nutrition, reproduction and
interaction.
Plants are producers, that means that they are able to make their
own food.

Plant nutrition and respiration.

Consumers: animals can't make their own food so they eat plants or
other animals.
Producers: plants are producers, they can produce their own food.
Nutrition:
Plants produce their oen food using a process = photosynthesis.
1. The roots absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
2. Plants cells (xylem cells) transport this mixture of water
and minerals (raw sap), though the stem to the leaves.
3. Leaves absorb carbon dioxide from the air through the
stomata. Plant cells contain a substance (chlorophyll) which
gives them their green colour. The chlorophyll collects solar
energy, which helps transform water, minerals and carbon
dioxide into glucose and oxygen.
4. Phloem cells carry the glucose, the plant's food, through the
stem to all parts of the plants.
The importance of photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis is a vital process for life on Earth.
• It provides us with oxygen to breathe. → plants = lungs of
the Earth.
• It consumes carbon dioxide, which is harmful to most living
things. Carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect
and global warming.
Respiration:
Plants don't just consume oxygen, they produce it too. That
happens during the day and take part of photosynthesis. Plants
produce more exygen than they need so, they expel the excess
through the stomata.
At night, when photosynthesis stops, plants need to take in oxygen
from the air, and release carbon dioxide.

Plant reproduction.
There are two differents ways of reproduction: sexually and
asexually.
• Sexual reproduction: flowering plants produce seeds through
sexual reproduction. There are two types of flowering plants,
and they produce seeds in different ways.
◦ Angiosperms: the pollinated flowers produce fruit with a
seed inside. → roses, daffodils, some trees, bushes and
grasses. Angiosperms can have male or female reproductive
organs, or both.
◦ Gymnosperms: they have very small flowers, and don't
produce any fruit and seeds develop inside cones.
Parts of the plant (sexually reproduction):
• Stamens are the male organs. Each stamen has two parts: a
long, thin filament and anther at the end. They are where the
plant produces pollen. Pollen = male reproductive cell.
• Pistil: Is the female organ, and it is in the center of the
flower. The pistil has four parts:
◦ Ovary: where are female reproductive cells (ovules).
◦ Style: long tube that is connects to the stigma.
◦ Stigma:is sticky and catches the pollen.
Pollination: occurs when the pollen from the stamen lands on the
stigma of a plant. Insects (bees, butterflies) can transfer
pollen from one plan to another.
The pollen travels down the style and into de ovary.
Fertilisation: the pollen joins with an ovule, they make a seed.

• Asexual reproduction: non-flowering plants don't produce

seeds and reproduce asexually using spores. These plants
include ferns and mosses. A spore is a cell that grows inside
a spore case or capsule. The spores are carried by the wind.
The spores will start to grow as soon as they land (if
environmental conditions are correct).
Some flowering plants use asexual reproduction. Some plants grow
special horizontal stems called stolons. When the stolons reach
the ground, new roots grow and a new plant develops. → Strawberry
plant.