El Salvador

21 Sep 1821 independence (Province of San Salvador)

9 Feb 1823 incorporation into Mexico
1 Jul 1823 independence again (Province of San Salvador);
constituent state of Central American
Federation to 1839
(see under Guatemala)
1824 State of Salvador
22 Feb 1841 El Salvador
25 Jan 1859 Republic of El Salvador
13 Jun 1921 - 4 Feb 1922 State of El Salvador during a later aborted
attempt at
recreating a Central American Federation

Intendants and Political Chiefs

21 Sep 1821 - 27 Nov 1821 Pedro Barriere (interim) (b. ... -
d. 1827)
27 Nov 1821 - 9 Feb 1823 José Matías Delgado (b. 1767 -
d. 1832)
(from 11 Jan 1822 also President of the
Governing Junta)
1 Jul 1823 - 8 Jan 1824 Mariano Prado (interim)
8 Jan 1824 - 1824 Juan Manuel Rodríguez (b. 1771 -
d. 1847)
Supreme Chiefs of State
1824 - 1 Oct 1824 Juan Manuel Rodríguez (s.a.)
1 Oct 1824 - 13 Dec 1824 Mariano Prado (1st time)
13 Dec 1824 - 1 Nov 1826 Juan Vicente Villacorta (b. 1764 -
d. 1828)
1 Nov 1826 - 22 Jan 1826 Mariano Prado (2nd time) (acting)
22 Jan 1829 - 3 Apr 1832 José María Cornejo (b. 1788 -
d. 1864)
3 Apr 1832 - 13 May 1832 José Francisco Morazán (1st time) (b. 1792 -
d. 1842)
(provisional)
13 May 1832 - 25 Jun 1832 Joaquín de San Martín (1st time) (b. 1770 -
d. 1854)
25 Jun 1832 - 1 Jul 1833 Mariano Prado (3rd time)
1 Jul 1833 - 23 Jun 1834 Joaquín de San Martín (2nd time) (s.a.)
23 Jun 1834 - 13 Jul 1834 Carlos Salazar (b. 1800 -
d. 1867)
(provisional; in rebellion from 12 Jun 1834)
13 Jul 1834 - 30 Sep 1834 José Gregorio Salazar (b. 1773 -
d. 1838)
(provisional)
30 Sep 1834 - 14 Oct 1834 Joaquín Escolán y Balibrera
14 Oct 1834 - 13 Apr 1835 José María Silva (1st time) (b. 1804? -
d. 1876)
(acting)
13 Apr 1835 - 15 Nov 1835 Nicolás Espinosa (b. 1795 -
d. 1845)
15 Nov 1835 - 1 Feb 1836 Francisco Gómez Elizondo (acting) (b. 1796 -
d. 1838)
1 Feb 1836 - May 1838 Diego Vigil (b. 1799 -
d. 1845)
 May 1838 - 23 May 1839 Timoteo Menéndez (acting)
23 May 1839 - 11 Jul 1839 Antonio José Cañas (1st time) (b. ... -
d. 1844)
(acting)
11 Jul 1839 - 16 Feb 1840 José Francisco Morazán (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Feb 1840 - 8 Apr 1840 José María Silva (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
8 Apr 1840 - 7 Jan 1841 Antonio José Cañas (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting to 1840, then provisional)
8 Jan 1841 - 22 Feb 1841 Juan Lindo (provisional) (b. 1790 -
d. 1857)
Presidents
22 Feb 1841 - 1 Feb 1842 Juan Lindo (provisional) (s.a.)
1 Feb 1842 - 13 Apr 1842 José Escolástico Marín (acting) (b. ... -
d. 1846)
13 Apr 1842 - 1 Feb 1844 Juan José Guzmán
(provisional to 20 Sep 1842)
1 Feb 1844 - 7 Feb 1844 Fermín Palacios (1st time) (acting)
7 Feb 1844 - 15 Feb 1845 Francisco Malespín (b. ... -
d. 1846)
16 Feb 1845 - 23 Apr 1845 Fermín Palacios (2nd time) (acting)
23 Apr 1845 - 1 Feb 1846 Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán (1st time)
1 Feb 1846 - 21 Feb 1846 Fermín Palacios (3rd time) (acting)
21 Feb 1846 - 1 Feb 1848 Eugenio Aguilar (b. 1804 -
d. 1879)
1 Feb 1848 - 3 Feb 1848 Tomás Medina (acting) (b. 1803 -
d. 1884)
3 Feb 1848 - 7 Feb 1848 José Félix Quirós (1st time) (b. ... -
d. 1883)
(acting)
7 Feb 1848 - 1 Feb 1850 Doroteo Vasconcelos (1st time) (b. 1803 -
d. 1883)
1 Feb 1850 - 4 Feb 1850 Ramón Rodríguez (acting)
4 Feb 1850 - 1 Mar 1851 Doroteo Vasconcelos (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Mar 1851 - 3 May 1851 José Félix Quirós (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
13 May 1851 - 30 Jan 1852 Francisco Dueñas (1st time) (b. 1810 -
d. 1884)
(acting)
30 Jan 1852 - 1 Feb 1852 José María San Martín (1st time) (b. 1811 -
d. 1857)
(acting)
1 Feb 1852 - 1 Feb 1854 Francisco Dueñas (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Feb 1854 - 13 Feb 1854 Vicente Gómez (acting)
13 Feb 1854 - 1 Feb 1856 José María San Martín (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Feb 1856 - 12 Feb 1856 Francisco Dueñas (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
12 Feb 1856 - 1 Feb 1858 Rafael Campo (b. 1813 -
d. 1890)
1 Feb 1858 - 7 Feb 1858 Lorenzo Zepeda (acting)
7 Feb 1858 - 24 Jan 1859 Miguel Santín del Castillo
25 Jan 1859 - 15 Feb 1859 Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán (2nd time)
(acting)
15 Feb 1859 - 12 Mar 1859 José María Peralta (acting) (b. 1807 -
d. 1883)
12 Mar 1859 - 26 Oct 1863 Gerardo Barrios (b. 1813 -
d. 1865)
 (acting to 1 Feb 1860)
26 Oct 1863 - 1 Apr 1871 Francisco Dueñas (4th time)
(provisional [in rebellion from 10 Jul 1863]
to 23 Jan
1865)
1 Apr 1871 - 1 Feb 1876 Santiago González (b. 1818 -
d. 1887)
(provisional to 30 Jan 1872)
1 Feb 1876 - 1 May 1876 Andrés del Valle (b. 1833 -
d. 1888)
1 May 1876 - 21 Jun 1885 Rafael Zaldívar (b. 1834 -
d. 1903)
(provisional to 15 Jul 1876 and 1-19 Feb 1880)
21 Jun 1885 - 22 Jun 1890 Francisco Menéndez (b. 1830 -
d. 1890)
(provisional [in rebellion from 15 May 1885]
to 1 Mar
1887)
22 Jun 1890 - 9 Jun 1894 Carlos Ezeta (b. 1852 -
d. 1903)
(provisional to 1 Mar 1891)
10 Jun 1894 - 13 Nov 1898 Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez (b. 1845 -
d. 1921)
(provisional to 1 Mar 1895)
14 Nov 1898 - 1 Mar 1903 Tomás Regalado (b. 1861 -
d. 1906)
(provisional to 1 Mar 1899)
1 Mar 1903 - 1 Mar 1907 Pedro José Escalón (b. 1847 -
d. 1923)
1 Mar 1907 - 1 Mar 1911 Fernando Figueroa (b. 1849 -
d. 1919)
1 Mar 1911 - 9 Feb 1913 Miguel Enrique Araujo (b. 1865 -
d. 1913)
9 Feb 1913 - 29 Aug 1914 Carlos Meléndez (1st time) (b. 1861 -
d. 1919)
(provisional)
29 Aug 1914 - 1 Mar 1915 Alfonso Quiñónez Molina
(1st time) (provisional) (b. 1874 -
d. 1950)
1 Mar 1915 - 21 Dec 1918 Carlos Meléndez (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1918 - 1 Mar 1919 Alfonso Quiñónez Molina
(2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
1 Mar 1919 - 1 Mar 1923 Jorge Meléndez (b. 1871 -
d. 1953)
(13 Jun 1921 - 4 Feb 1922 Head of State)
1 Mar 1923 - 1 Mar 1927 Alfonso Quiñónez Molina
(3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Mar 1927 - 1 Mar 1931 Pío Romero Bosque (b. 1860 -
d. 1935)
1 Mar 1931 - 3 Dec 1931 Arturo Araujo (b. 1878 -
d. 1967)
4 Dec 1931 - 28 Aug 1934 Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1882 -
d. 1966)
29 Aug 1934 - 1 Mar 1935 Andrés Ignacio Menéndez (1st time) (b. 1879 -
d. 1962)
(provisional)
 1 Mar 1935 - 9 May 1944 Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
(2nd time) (s.a.)
9 May 1944 - 21 Oct 1944 Andrés Ignacio Menéndez (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
21 Oct 1944 - 1 Mar 1945 Osmín Aguirre y Salinas (acting) (b. 1889 -
d. 1977)
1 Mar 1945 - 14 Dec 1948 Salvador Castaneda Castro (b. 1888 -
d. 1965)
15 Dec 1948 - 14 Sep 1950 Revolutionary Council of Government
- Manuel de Jesús Córdova
(to 5 Jan 1949)
- Óscar Osorio (b. 1910 -
d. 1969)
(to 23 Oct 1949)
- Reinaldo Galindo Pohl
(to 23 Oct 1949)
- Óscar A. Bolaños
- Humberto Costa
14 Sep 1950 - 14 Sep 1956 Óscar Osorio (s.a.)
14 Sep 1956 - 26 Oct 1960 José María Lemus (b. 1911 -
d. 1993)
26 Oct 1960 - 25 Jan 1961 Junta
- Miguel Ángel Castillo
- Fabio Castillo Figueroa
- Ricardo Falla Cáceres
- René Fortín Magaña
- Rubén Alonso Rosales
- César Yanes Urías
25 Jan 1961 - 25 Jan 1962 Civic-Military Directory
- Aníbal Portillo (b. 1914)
- Feliciano Avelar
- José Antonio Rodríguez Porth
(to 6 Apr 1961)
- José Francisco Valiente
(to 6 Apr 1961)
- Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo (b. 1921 -
d. 1973)
(to 11 Sep 1961)
- Mariano Castro Morán (b. 1916)
(from 11 Sep 1961)
25 Jan 1962 - 1 Jul 1962 Eusebio Rodolfo Cordón Cea (b. 1899 -
d. 1966)
(provisional)
1 Jul 1962 - 1 Jul 1967 Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo (s.a.)
1 Jul 1967 - 1 Jul 1972 Fidel Sánchez Hernández (b. 1917)
1 Jul 1972 - 1 Jul 1977 Arturo Armando Molina (b. 1927)
1 Jul 1977 - 15 Oct 1979 Carlos Humberto Romero (b. 1924)
15 Oct 1979 - 2 May 1982 Revolutionary Junta
- Adolfo Arnoldo Majano Ramos (b. 1938)
(to 7 Dec 1980)
- Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez Avendaño (b. 1936)
- Román Mayorga Quirós
(17 Oct 1979 - 5 Jan 1980)
- Guillermo Manuel Ungo Revelo (b. 1931 -
d. 1991)
(17 Oct 1979 - 5 Jan 1980)
- Mario Antonio Andino
 (17 Oct 1979 - 5 Jan 1980)
- José Antonio Morales Ehrlich (b. 1935)
(from 9 Jan 1980)
- José Ramón Ávalos Navarrete
(from 9 Jan 1980)
- Héctor Miguel Antonio Dada
Hirezi (9 Jan - 3 Mar 1980)
- José Napoleón Duarte (b. 1925 -
d. 1990)
(from 10 Mar 1980; president from 22 Dec
1980)
2 May 1982 - 1 Jun 1984 Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja (b. 1925)
1 Jun 1984 - 1 Jun 1989 José Napoleón Duarte (s.a.)
1 Jun 1989 - 1 Jun 1994 Alfredo Cristiani (b. 1947)
1 Jun 1994 - 1 Jun 1999 Armando Calderón Sol (b. 1949)
1 Jun 1999 - Francisco Flores (b. 1959)