Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
c.1 ce 87 ce 166 ce
Kushans invade northwest Embassy from the Kushans of Embassy of Syrian merchants
India. Buddhism spreads in India to the new Eastern Han to China; German tribes invade
coastal Southeast Asia. Moche capital of Luoyang. northern Italy.
culture flourishes in Peru.
Nabataeans, allied with Rome, 99 ce 180 ce
control Red Sea trade. Kushan empire dispatches Goths (Germanic Scandinavians)
embassy to Rome. settle on Black Sea coast.
2 ce
First census taken of the c.100 ce c.200 ce
population of China. Teotihuacán, Mexico, expands; Peak of trade between India,
Building of Temples of the Sun China, and Rome. Korea free
9 ce and Moon begin. Alexandria is of Han – Koguryo, Silla, and
Occupying Roman forces driven centre of Christian learning. Paekche states appear.
back to the Rhine in Germany. Kushan emperor Kanishka Teotihuacán largest city in
propagates Buddhism. Americas; rise of Maya city
14 ce of Tikal. Hopewell mound-
Augustus dies; stepson 117 ce building culture flourishing
Tiberius succeeds him. The Roman empire is at its in North America.
greatest extent.
c.25 ce c.219 ce
First representation of Buddha 122–28 ce Hebrew edition of Mishna –
at Gandhara, northwest India. Hadrian’s Wall built at Roman sayings and teachings from the
frontier in northern Britain. Torah, sacred text of Judaism.
c.30 ce
Crucifixion of Christ. 132–35 ce c.220 ce
Second Jewish revolt against Han dynasty collapses;
c.40 ce Rome is crushed; the Jews are replaced by three kingdoms:
Arawak people migrate down expelled from Jerusalem. Shu, Wu, and Wei.
Orinoco and settle Caribbean.
226 ce
43 ce Parthian empire falls to
Roman invasion of Britain. Ardashir I, who founds the
Sassanid Persian dynasty.
47–57 ce
Journeys of St Paul. 235 ce
Raids by Germanic
c.50 ce Alamanni on Roman
Axum now major empire’s Black Forest
trading centre. and Rhine frontiers.
60 ce c.250 ce
Kushan empire Lodestone compass
established in India invented in China.
and Central Asia. Start of Classic period
of Maya civilization.
65 ce
Evidence of Buddhism in China. 269–72 ce
Queen Zenobia of Palmyra
66–70 ce takes Egypt and Syria from
First Jewish revolt against Hadrian (117–138 CEE) was unusual Rome, but is in turn defeated
Roman rule. among the Roman emperors in and taken prisoner by the
wearing a beard, in a tribute to Roman emperor Aurelian.
73 ce the Greek culture he admired.
Peak of China’s Han dynasty 280 ce
military success. c.150 ce China is reunited under the
Han China regains dominance Chin dynasty.
79 ce of Central Asia. Christianity
Eruption of Vesuvius (near spreads west across Roman 293 ce
Naples, southern Italy) buries North Africa. Ptolemy of Emperor Diocletian sets up
the Roman towns of Pompeii Alexandria’s Geographia, first system of four co-emperors
and Herculaneum. world atlas, completed. Peak of (The Tetrarchy). Maya calendar
Nok Iron Age culture in Nigeria. in use, Tikal.
38 TIMELINES OF WORLD HISTORY
The P
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Teotih
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án, Mexic
án, Mexico
Me co.
THE MEDIEVAL WORLD 39
The
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THE EARLY MODERN WORLD 43
1687
Principia Mathematica
published by Isaac Newton:
principle of gravity established.
1689
Treaty of Nerchinsk settles
territorial dispute between
Russia and China. William and
Mary joint Protestant monarchs
of England. Protestant Grand
Alliance formed to counter
Louis XIV.
46 TIMELINES OF WORLD HISTORY
1717
Blackbeard begins plundering
A Yoruba shrine figure,
ships in the Caribbean. thought to depict a hunter
collecting medicines in the
1720 bush. The Yoruba remain
Qing oust Mongols from Tibet. one of West Africa’s
Spanish acquire Texas, USA. largest ethnic groups.
1722
Afghans overthrow the last
Safavid shah.
1724
Kingdom of Dahomey
becomes principal
supplier of slaves
to European
traders.
THE WORLD OF EMPIRES 47
1823–26
First Anglo–Burmese War.
1824
Ottomans joined by Egyptians
against Greek nationalists. Peru
becomes independent from
Spain, aided by Simón Bolívar.
1826–28
Russo–Persian War.
1828
Russia acquires Armenia,
declares war on Ottomans,
takes Varna, Bulgaria. Egypt
agrees withdrawal from Greece.
1829
Ottomans agree Greek and
Serbian independence. First
passenger railway in USA.
1830
1803–6 1813 Revolution in Paris topples
Meriweather Lewis and William Battle of the Nations; allies Charles X; Louis-Philippe
Clark explore territories of including Britain, Prussia, and crowned king of France. Belgian
Louisiana Purchase and reach Russia defeat France; British War of Independence (to 1831).
the Pacific coast. cross into France. First wagon train to California.
197
1973
3 1982
Yom
Yo
Yo
om m Kippur War: raised oil Falklands War: Britain retakes
pri
pr
p rice
ri ces spark global recession. islands from Argentina. USA
US tr troops withdrawn, Vietnam. initiates START talks with USSR.
Pinochet’s military coup ousts
Pi Martial law is imposed in
Allllllen
A ende
d in Chile. Britain, Ireland, Bangladesh, and in Poland.
an
a nd Denmark join EEC.
1983
1974
197
1974 Democracy restored in
Co
C o
ou
up in Ethiopia: Haile Selassie Argentina. Martial law lifted in
ous
usted. Turkey invades Cyprus. Poland. Islamic law introduced
Indo
Ind
don
on
onesia invades East Timor. in Sudan: civil war. Foundation
President Nixon resigns in USA. of militant Islamic terror group,
Democracy in Portugal. Hezbollah, in Lebanon.
1975
1975 1985
Deaath of Franco: democracy and
at Mikhail Gorbachev launches
mon
mon
o arc
a hy restored in Spain. reform of USSR: glasnostt and
Com
Co munist regimes in Laos and
om perestroika. State of emergency
Cam
am
mb bodia. Civil war in Lebanon. declared in South Africa. Israeli
withdrawal from Lebanon.
1976
19
197
76
Dea ath of Mao in China; coup by 1986
“Gang of Four”. Syria intervenes
“Ga Superpower summit in Iceland:
iin
n Le
Le anon: imposes Arab peace
Leb USA and USSR agree to disarm.
fo
for
fo
orrcce
e. First black homelands in Democracy restored in Brazil.
Sou
So
S ou
o uth
t Africa; race riots, Soweto. Collapse of Marcos regime in
the Philippines. USA bombs
1977 Libya. Nuclear reactor explodes
Eg
gypt–Israeli peace talks. at Chernobyl.
Miillittary coup in Pakistan.
Ga
ad ddafi imposes “Islamic 1987
so alism” in Libya.
socia
soc Intifada uprising in Gaza Strip
and West Bank: Arab–Israeli
Ap
A
Apo
pollo 11, launched on 6 July 1969
po tensions heightened. INF
by NA
by NASA in Florida, was the first Treaty: USA and USSR agree
man
ma
m an
a ned lunar mission, landing on to cut nuclear stockpiles.
th
he
e mo
m on on July 20.
THE MODERN WORLD 55
1989 2003
Collapse of Iron Curtain: Widespread ethnic conflict in
Solidarity elected in Poland; Darfur, Sudan. US-led coalition
Berlin Wall breached. Partial invades Iraq: takes Baghdad;
elections in USSR. Saddam Hussein ousted;
widespread violence and terror
1990 attacks; UN lifts sanctions. First
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait: UN manned Chinese space flight.
coalition forces sent to Persian
Gulf. Free elections in East 2004
Germany; Germany reunited. Muslim fundamentalists bomb
Madrid: 191 die. Indonesian
1991 earthquake sparks tsunami in
UN coalition expels Iraqi forces Southeast Asia and Indian
from Kuwait. Baltic republics Ocean: more than 210,000 die.
assert independence from Ten new countries join EU.
USSR. USSR dissolved, Barack Obama was elected the
replaced by CIS. Slovenia and first African-American president 2005
Croatia independent: at war of the USA in 2008. Muslim fundamentalist
with Serbia. bombings in London: 52 die.
1997 Israel withdraws from Gaza;
1992 Britain returns Hong Kong to Syria withdraws from Lebanon.
Bosnia declares independence China. Asian financial crisis. General election in Iraq:
from Yugoslavia; civil war Coup in Zaire. Israeli pull-out 98.8 per cent turnout. Kyoto
begins. Hindu extremists destroy from Hebron, West Bank. Protocol on climate change
mosque at Ayodha, India. comes into force.
1998
1993 India and Pakistan test nuclear 2006
Czech Republic and Slovakia weapons. Serbs and ethnic Genocide in Darfur. Renewed
formed from Czechoslovakia. Albanians clash in Kosovo. Israeli–Hezbollah conflict in
Oslo Accords: PLO and Israel Economic crisis in Indonesia: Lebanon. North Korea tests
agree limited Palestinian overthrow of Suharto nuclear weapon. Montenegro
autonomy. Democracy restored government. “Good Friday” votes to split from Serbia.
in Cambodia. HIV/AIDS peace deal, Northern Ireland.
epidemic in southern Africa. 2007
1999 Iran develops nuclear
1994 Russia re-starts Chechen war. programme despite
Civil war in Rwanda: 500,000 Serbian “ethnic cleansing” of UN sanctions. Devolved
Tutsis massacred; two million Kosovan Albanians. Renewed government returns to Northern
Hutus flee. ANC wins multiracial Indian–Pakistani clashes over Ireland. Sectarian conflict
elections in South Africa. Kashmir. Democracy restored in between Sunni and Shia militias
Chechnya claims independence: Indonesia. USA and UK begin escalates in occupied Iraq.
Russian invasion. US invades air attacks on Iraq.
Haiti: democracy restored. 2008
2000 Cyprus and Malta join the EU.
1995 Vladimir Putin becomes Oil price reaches $150 per
Austria, Finland, and Sweden Russian president. First draft barrel. Dmitri Medvedev
enter European Union. World of human genome completed. becomes Russian president.
Trade Organization (WTO) Nepal becomes a republic;
supersedes GATT. Prime 2001 Maoist rebels enter government.
Minister Yitzhak Rabin of Al-Qaeda terror attacks in Global financial crisis. Political
Israel assassinated. Dayton USA: President Bush commits crisis in Thailand.
Agreement ends civil war in USA to “war on terror”. USA–UK
former Yugoslavia. forces bomb Afghanistan: 2009
Taliban overthrown. Israeli army invades Gaza Strip.
1996 Barack Obama becomes US
Taliban capture Kabul: declare 2002 president. First trial of former
Afghanistan a fundamentalist Euro introduced in 11 of 15 EU Khmer Rouge leaders in
Islamic state. Russian pull-out countries. Renewed Palestinian Cambodia. Opposition leader
leaves Chechnya de facto attacks on Israel. Mugabe wins Morgan Tsvangirai becomes
independent. Yeltsin wins rigged election in Zimbabwe: Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in
Russian elections: communists attacks on opponents. UN power-sharing agreement with
narrowly defeated. weapons inspections in Iraq. Robert Mugabe.