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1. Basic Ratios
y x y
Sin A = , cos A = , tan A =
h h x
2. Pythagoras' Law
x2 + y2 = h2
4. Solution of Triangles
a. Sine Law
a b c
= =
Sin A Sin B Sin C
b. Cosine Law
c2 = a2 + b2 - 2 ab Cos C
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2 bc Cos A
b2 = a2 + c2 - 2 ac Cos B
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Geometry
1. Areas of Triangles
a. All Triangles
a+b+c
where, s is half the sum of the sides, or s =
2
b. Equilateral Triangles
2. Circumference of a Circle
C = πd
3. Area of a Circle
circumference x r π
A = πr2 = = d 2 = 0.7854d2
2 4
arc x r
A=
2
θ°
A= x π r2 (θ = angle in degrees)
360
θ°r 2
A= (θ = angle in radians)
2
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5. Area of a Segment of a Circle
4 2 d
Also approximate area = h - 0.608
3 h
6. Ellipse
π
A= Dd
4
Approx. circumference = π
(D + d )
2
7. Area of Trapezoid
⎛a + b⎞
A= ⎜ ⎟h
⎝ 2 ⎠
8. Area of Hexagon
9. Area of Octagon
10. Sphere
4 3
Volume V = πr
3
Volume of segment
Vs = πh (3r – h)
2
3
πh
Vs = (h 2 + 3a 2) where a = radius of segment base
6
Page 8
11. Volume of a Cylinder
π 2
V= d L where L is cylinder length
4
12. Pyramid
Volume
1
V= base area x perpendicular height
3
Volume of frustum
h
VF = (A + a + Aa ) where h is the perpendicular height, A and a are areas as shown
3
13. Cone
π DL
A=
2
π (D + d)L
AF =
2
Volume of cone:
Volume of frustum:
Page 9