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Metal Forming
Reduction processes
h a
forward movement of the header. d H7/h10
header.
– When the reduced part is stopped by the
ejector pin reduction is finished followed by kilökő matrica
the heading process.
z z1 1
és z 1
0
• The final solution together with the additional stress component due to the
torsion in the cone
Extrusion
• Definition of extrusion
– extrusion is a bulk forming process when
» the billet is deformed by a compressive force exerted by the
punch,
» the material is deformed in a die which is closed in all direction
except the die orifice.
– The cross section of the component is always reduced in the
process.
punch
– thin-walled cartridge-cases,
ejector
punch
counter-punch
ejector
stripper component
preform
die
• It may be done
– both from solid and hollow preforms,
– with or without counter puncht
a) b)
Képlékenyalakítás 13 12. előadás
Miskolci Egyetem Mechanikai Technológiai Tanszék
z ,torz
0.77k fk
z ,max
k fk 1
1 0.77 .
1
Fsúrl Asúrl k f 0 D h,
h
z , teljes
k fk 1
1 0.77 4 kf 0 .
1 D
h D2
Fmax z ,max
Ap k fk 1
1 0.77 4 kf 0 ,
1 D 4
• and for the extrusion work
Wextr Fmax h c,
– where
» h the punch displacement,
» c the so-called filling coefficient of the extrusion force vs punch
displacement diagram, c=0.7-0.8.
• The pressure distribution in the die may be determined starting out of the
yield condition
– The pressure in the conical die
pb kf z
.
• The die should be checked also for permitted surface pressure for its
highest value.
• Operation steps
– Cutting of the billet according to the volume constancy of the
billet and the final component
– Straitening with preforming
– Heat-treatment
– Surface treatment
» Surface coating with lubricant carrier
» lubrication
• Heat-treatment is necessary
– Since there are very high strains in the extrusion process and,
– to get as mild materials before extrusion as possible
6 8
10 9
11 12
13
14
component 15
die
extruded
part
Prestressing
ring
Counter
ejector
punch
dsz
a α=
17
0°
c
b dsz
α=
17
0°
0,3 0,7 d B
dB