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The rhetoric of history and the history of rhetoric: On Hayden White’s tropes 1 may star by saying thatthe basic reason for my disagreement with Hayden White frend whom I amir and from whom I constantly fear) is about the ature rather than about the past. T fear the cnsequencs ois approach historiography because he has eliminated the research for erth atthe msn tak ofthe historian. He tress historians, like any oer narrators, x hetorcas tobe characterized by ther made of epech. We must ecogiz, sys Hayden White, that history writing like anyother frm of erature contrucs selity by chong prt aes af dice ach of which imple 2 erent caneepuaizaionof the relation between. the individual and society. With the support of Gimbatinta Vico the ight side and of Kenneth Burke on the left side ~and perhaps with the general blessing of R Jskobson~ White reduces the modes of dsr to oar: metaphor, imetonymy,syneedochesndirony. Though egivesno precise explanation ‘tthe ccumaances in which each ofthe four modes tends t prevail in chronological sequence it would appea from the esay on “Fowaul decode, reprinted in Trop of Divure (pp. 2316), tat inthe Seen and seventeenth centuries meapho prevailed, only 0 yield to metonymy in the eighteenth century and to syneadoche inthe intent century, wile we are or should bein theron age, or rather {that ate period ofthe ric age whichis characterized by ony about itony. This, however, cn only be 4 vague approximation, beste Mtahitry makes abundantly clear that ll four modes ae very vital ad competitive inthe nineteenth century, when Michelet stands for metaphor, Ranke for synecdoche, Tocqueville fr metonyny and 250 60 ARNALDO MoMIOLIANO ‘Burckhardt for ony: ia fet tomy preva inthe late nineteenth Four basic gures may scm to be to few Fr dhe varity fais of ninetenth

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