INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

COMPUTER – 3 COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

 An electronic device that helps people
perform different tasks. 1. HARDWARE
 a programmable, multiuse machine that  refer to all machinery and equipment in
process or accept data into information. a computer system.
 A device that manipulates data according  devices in the computer that can be seen and touch.
to a set of instructions.  objects that you can actually touch, like disks, disk
drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards,
ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER and chips
 Speed
 Reliability A. Input Device – is a peripheral device through
 Consistency which data entered is transformed into machine
 Storage
 Communication Ex. Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Fax Machine,
Pointing Device, USB & etc.
DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
B. Memory
 Violation of privacy  An area of a computer which stores data
 Impact on labor force  Enables a computer to store, at least
 Health risks temporarily, data and programs.
 Impact on environment  Main memory (RAM), electronic, fast, volatile,
expensive, holds data currently in use.

COMPUTER SYSTEM Types of Memory

 refers to all components that contribute in
1. RAM – Random Access Memory (temporary)
making the computer a useful tool.
 combination of hardware, software &
 is the temporary memory where the
storage
computer read data for the current processing task.
DATA – consists of raw facts and figures that are processed  It holds the data that is being manipulated
into information. by the CPU until it is moved to a permanent memory
store such as a disk.
INFORMATION – data that has been summarized for  Example: when you create a document
decision making. (such as a letter), the document is stored in your
computer’s RAM until you save it to disk.
TYPES OF COMPUTER

1 MICROCOMPUTER (Portable Computer or 2. ROM – Read Only Memory (Permanent)

Personal Computer)
 the PC is the most common type of
computer used in the office, and is also now widely
used in many homes
Examples: Desktop computers, video game consoles,
laptop computers, tablet PCs,
 the computer can read its contents but cannot write
to the contents of memory.
 holds permanent information such as the software
that enables the components in your computer to
communicate with each other. It cannot usually be
deleted or overwritten.

2. MINICOMPUTER
C. CPU – Central Processing Unit
 lower to mainframe computer in terms of
speed and storage capacity  CPU is an acronym that stands for central
processing unit.
 less expensive and some features of
mainframes will not be available in mini computer  responsible for performing all of the mathematical
calculations that are required for a computer to
3. MAIN FRAME function properly.
 large and expensive computer capable of
supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users  CPU as the "brains" of a computer.
simultaneously
 often used by large corporate and
government data processing departments
 Component of CPU:  Programmers also conceive, design, and test logical
structures for solving problems by computer.
a. CU – Control Unit. It controls the flow
of the information
C. User / Operator – user of the program.
b. ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit. It
performs all mathematical and logical functions.

Standard Parts of System Unit

3. SOFTWARE
 Power supply
 collection of data
 Ports
 program install in the computer that tells the
 Video card
hardware what to do
 Drive bays  Programs and data that a computer uses
 Processor
 Memory
 Sound card Kinds of Software Program
1. System Program – it helps the computer perform
D. OUTPUT DEVICE – is a device that receives essential operating tasks.
and/or displays output from a computer
Ex. Monitor, Printer ex. MS Windows, Visual Basic & etc.

2. Application Program – a software that has been

2. PEOPLEWARE
 refer to anything that has to do with the role of
people in the development or use of computer
software and hardware systems
developed to solved a particular problem, perform
useful work and provide entertainment.
ex. Word, excel, powerpoint, & etc.

Kinds of Peopleware:

A. System Analysts
 responsible for researching, planning, coordinating
and recommending software and system choices to
meet an organization's business requirements
 the one identifies problem and find solution to the
problem and designing the solution.

A systems analyst performs the following tasks:

 Interact with the customers to know their

requirements

 Interact with designers to convey the possible

interface of the software

 Interact/guide the coders/developers to keep track of

system development

 Perform system testing with sample/live data with

the help of testers

 Implement the new system

 Prepare High quality Documentation

B. Programmer
 Computer programmers can write, test, debug, and
maintain the detailed instructions, called computer
programs, that computers must follow to perform their
functions.