AT A GLANCE:

 Bongbong Marcos prays for a manual recount in 27 areas, and Leni Robredo in 13 provinces.

 Both camps select 3 provinces each to serve as "pilot areas" for a recount. According to them,
these best prove their allegations.

 Election fingerprints reflect high vote shares in the bailiwicks of both candidates.

MANILA, Philippines – Besides seeking the nullification of votes in 3 provinces in the Autonomous
Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), defeated 2016 vice presidential candidate Ferdinand "Bongbong"
Marcos Jr is also asking for a vote recount and an examination of ballots, election documents and
equipment in 27 areas around the country.

This is part of the former senator's election protest filed before the Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET)
against Vice President Maria Leonor "Leni" Robredo.

Robredo then filed a counter-protest, listing 13 provinces where she is also requesting for a recount of
votes.

In a judicial revision or recount, physical ballots are manually examined to verify the number of votes
obtained by each candidate, as counted by the vote-counting machines on election day.

In a preliminary conference brief on June 15, the Marcos camp identified 3 provinces as "pilot areas" for
the recount: Iloilo, Negros Oriental, and Camarines Sur, Robredo's home province. Robredo got a total
of 1,493,517 votes in these provinces, while Marcos received 202,136 votes.

The Robredo camp also named 3 provinces in their preliminary conference brief: Sulu, Cotabato, and
Capiz, where Robredo herself won. She wants a recount in these areas too.

In these provinces, Marcos obtained 340,298 votes, while Robredo got 428,649 votes.

If either camp can prove their case in these provinces, the recount for all other areas in their respective
protests will proceed. The two camps met in a preliminary conference on Tuesday, July 11, to begin
arguing their cases before the PET. (READ: Presidential Electoral Tribunal: What happens to a protest?)

Marcos' protest

Marcos is asking for a recount in 21 provinces, 1 legislative district, and 5 cities – covering a total of
36,465 clustered precincts:

 Albay  Palawan

 Batangas  Pangasinan

 Bohol  Quezon

 Bukidnon  Samar

 Camarines Sur  Zamboanga del Norte

  Cebu  Zamboanga del Sur

 Iloilo  Zamboanga Sibugay

 Isabela  2nd District of Northern Samar

 Leyte  Bacolod City

 Masbate  Cebu City

 Misamis Occidental  Iloilo City

 Misamis Oriental  Lapu-Lapu City

 Negros Occidental  Zamboanga City

 Negros Oriental

These areas reportedly experienced "instances of electoral fraud," Marcos said in the executive
summary of his protest.

Robredo garnered 6,870,903 votes in these areas, while Marcos got 3,908,688 votes. Robredo won in
each area above except in Pangasinan, Isabela, Cebu City, Leyte, and Zamboanga del Sur.

Province/City Vote % of Top 2

Pangasinan Marcos (61.22%)

Robredo (19.48%)

Isabela Marcos (74.72%)

Robredo (12.77%)

Cebu City Cayetano (33.87%)

Robredo (32.82%)

Leyte Marcos (49.44%)

Robredo (29.40%)

Zamboanga del Sur Marcos (41.25%)

Robredo (28.41%)

Pangasinan and Isabela are in Marcos' bailiwick, known as the "Solid North", while Leyte is the home
province of his mother and current Ilocos Norte Congresswoman Imelda Marcos. (READ: How regions
voted for Robredo, Marcos in 2016 VP race)

Senator Alan Peter Cayetano – running mate of now-President Rodrigo Duterte – won in Cebu City.
Here's a summary of Marcos' allegations in these areas:

Marcos listed incidents of pre-shaded ballots, vote-buying, and some of his supporters not being
allowed to vote because their names were reportedly not on the voters' list.

Also, in all 27 areas, Marcos highlighted the "abnormally high number" of "unaccounted votes/
undervotes" for the VP race. Undervoting happens when a voter does not select anyone for an executive
or legislative position, or picks less than the maximum number allowed for multi-person contests like
the senatorial race.

This, he said, "is a manifest indication of an election irregularity" in the automated polls.

Robredo's lead counsel Romulo Macalintal, however, argued during the canvassing of votes in Congress
in late May that undervoting is normal in elections, and does not mean there is electoral fraud.

Further, William Yu of election watchdog Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV)
previously said that the behavior of voters with regard to undervoting had been essentially the same in
the last two presidential polls.

Robredo's answer

Robredo responded to all these in her verified answer.

For instance, in Cebu and Bohol provinces and in Zamboanga City, Robredo said that Marcos' allegations
were "in general terms" and "did not provide a detailed specification of electoral frauds, anomalies, and
irregularities."

For the remaining areas, here's how the Robredo camp responded:

The Robredo camp pointed out issues with the witnesses themselves, saying that some of them weren't
registered voters in the areas where they supposedly witnessed poll fraud. (READ: Robredo camp:
Marcos Jr's witnesses are fake)

They also observed that most of the affidavits submitted were pro forma or "fill in the blank" templates.
In 20 areas, Robredo said that the affidavits were notarized on the same day, with some notarized in
Metro Manila, outside the provinces involved in the protest.

In addition, they contended that there were "no reports of any of the untoward incidents and
irregularities" received either by the boards of election inspectors (BEI) in the polling precincts or by the
local offices of the Commission on Elections (Comelec). These incidents, they argued, were also not in
the Minutes of Voting filled out by the BEIs on Election Day.

Counter-protest

The Robredo camp included a counter-protest, wherein she identified 13 provinces where "instances of
vote-buying, threats and intimidation, substitute voting and incidence of unaccounted votes in the
bailiwicks of protestant Marcos" were said to be reported:

 Abra  Kalinga

 Aklan  Mountain Province

  Antique  Sarangani

 Apayao  South Cotabato

 Bataan  Sultan Kudarat

 Capiz  Sulu

 Cotabato

Marcos received 1,235,389 votes in these areas, while Robredo got 1,127,062 votes.

In Robredo's counter-protest, she identifies a total of 7,547 precincts in 4 provinces in the Cordillera
Administrative Region (CAR), 3 provinces in the Western Visayas Region, all 4 provinces in the
Soccsksargen Region, Bataan in the Central Luzon Region, and Sulu in ARMM.

Marcos won in CAR and the Soccsksargen regions, in Bataan and in Sulu, while Robredo prevailed in the
Western Visayas region.

Lawyer Vic Rodriguez, counsel and spokesman of Marcos, criticized Robredo for including a counter-
protest, after her camp supposedly claimed there was "no cheating" in the VP race.

"What's the real purpose of the counter-protest? She filed so that they could have a semblance of
control in the proceedings," he argued. (RELATED: Marcos to Robredo: Why are you afraid of vote
recount?)

He added that the counter-protest was filed out of time. Rodriguez also argued that there is a
"disconnect" between the Robredo camp's claims about not having enough funds for her legal
defense and being the biggest spender among the candidates in the 2016 vice presidential race.

The Robredo camp, in an email to Rappler, said it was filed on time. The Supreme Court affirmed this in
February 2017.

How 'fingerprints' look like

Just like in Part 1 of this story, we look into the election "fingerprints" of all areas involved in both
camps' protests.

The 27 areas under protest by Marcos are arranged in descending order below according to Robredo's
vote percentage lead over Marcos himself. Robredo's 13 provinces are in a separate group, also
arranged in descending order according to Marcos' vote percentage lead.

The horizontal axis represents voter turnout in each precinct, while the vertical axis represents the
percentage of votes received per precinct by the winner in the province/city. Dots or points that cluster
at, or cluster near, the upper right corner could be indicative of possible cheating in the area or very
strong support in the candidates' bailiwicks.

This is the case for Camarines Sur for Robredo and Abra for Marcos – where fingerprints are near the
upper-right corner of the chart. The same goes for provinces in their respective protests
where they won, like Pangasinan and Isabela for Marcos, and Capiz for Robredo.
In a statement on June 16, Rodriguez explained that Camarines Sur – Robredo's home province – was
chosen as among the Marcos camp's "pilot areas" for a recount because it was "highly improbable" she
would obtain over 80% of the votes there "when all of the other vice presidential candidates were either
from the Bicol Region or had ties in the said region."

As for Iloilo, Rodriguez pointed out that Robredo also obtained a huge vote share there, when Marcos'
standard-bearer the late senator Miriam Defensor Santiago, is from the province, and the Santiago-
Marcos tandem was "warmly received by the Hiligaynons during their sorties there."

Finally, Negros Oriental was also a "pilot area" because the number of votes that Robredo got there was
"dubious, considering the fact that Marcos was supported by the biggest political families in the
province."

To recount or not to recount?

In her counter-protest, the Robredo camp argued that Marcos' allegations "do not necessitate the
opening of ballot boxes" for a revision or recount.

They also said that incidents reported in a few barangays or by the witnesses "are not representative of
the entire" town or province.

For his part, Rodriguez maintained that Marcos is the rightful winner in the VP race, on account of
numerous poll irregularities, as well as issues with the automated election system, which the Marcos
camp claims to have contained anomalies and constitutional infirmities.

These, Marcos said in his protest, explain the need for the manual recount and "judicial revision" of
votes, as well as examination of the ballots and election paraphernalia. – Michael Bueza, Gemma
Mendoza, and visualizations by Russell Shepherd and Mabeth Añonuevo/Rappler.com