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Board Exam
16. Calculate the wavelength of sound wave in sea water whose frequency is 100 kHz at 25
degrees C?
1.52cm
17. If the wavelength of sound is 3.5cm in sea water, calculate its frequency. 43kHz
18. What is the speed of sound in air at 25deg C?
347m/s
19. The velocity of sound in dry air medium is 331.45 m/s. Calculate the new velocity if
there is an increase of temperature equal to 10 degrees centigrade.
337.52 m/s
20. Speed of sound is 1000ft/s, what frequency has a wavelength of 24 inches?
500 Hz.
21. What do you call of the several sound sources which are related to each other?
Correlated sound sources
22. If several sounds come from several unrelated sources, the sources are called
uncorrelated sound sources
23. If sounds are produced from three loudspeakers which are driven from a single source
(i.e. amplifier), the speakers are considered as
correlated sound source
24. Sound sources that are coming from different instruments are called
uncorrelated
25. If a sound receiver receives two sound waves, one directly from the source and the
other from simple reflection (with short delay), the sound waves are considered as
correlated
26. If a sound receiver receives two sound waves, one directly from the source and the
other from a long relay deflection, the sound waves are considered
uncorrelated
27. The sound at a particular point consist of a direct wave and a reflection with the same
amplitude (P) but has been delayed by 1 ms. If the sound frequency is 1kHz, calculate the
pressure amplitude in terms of P at this point.
2P
28. Calculate the total signal pressure level when two vocalists sing at the same pressure
level of 1x10^-3 Pa each.
1.41x10^-3 Pa.
4. A loudspeaker radiates 100mW, what is the sound intensity level (SIL) at a distance 1 m
from the source?
99dB
5. Doubling the pressure level will result in a _____ increase in SPL.
6dB
6. What is the increase in sound intensity level (SIL) if the intensity if doubled?
3dB
7. What is the SPL for a sound wave with 1 Pa rms pressure amplitude?
94dB
13. Calculate the sound intensity level of the loudspeaker having a sound intensity of 0.4
W/m^2?
116dB
14. If a sound source radiates 1 watt, what is its sound power level (SWL)?
120dB
15. Calculate the acoustic impedance if the sound pressure is 20uPa and acoustic intensity
is 10-12 W/m2 .
400 kg/m2s
135. Calculate the numerical aperture and the maximum angle of acceptance for the fiber
that has an index of refraction of 1.6 for the core and 1.4 for the cladding.
N.A. = 0.775 / 50.8 degrees
136. A single-mode fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.15. what is the maximum core
diameter it could have for use with infrared light with a wavelength of 820 nm?
4.2 um
138. The fiber has zero dispersion at a wavelength of 1310 nm and has a zero-dispersion
slope of 0.05 ps (nm2-km). Calculate the total dispersion of 50 km of this fiber when it is
used with a source having a line width of 2 nm at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
949 ps
139. Find the bandwidth and bandwidth distance product for the fiber with total dispersion of
949 ps and a total length of 50 km.
B = 526.8 MHz, Bandwidth-Distance product = 26.3 GHz-km
141. A typical photodiode has an input optical power of 500 nW. Calculate the diode
current.
150 nA
142. A fiber optic link extends for 40 km. The laser diode emitter has an output power of 1.5
mW, and the receiver requires a signal strength of -25 dBm for a satisfactory signal-to-noise
ratio. The fiber is available in lengths of 2.5 km and can be spliced with a loss of 0.25 dB
per slice. The fiber has a loss of 0.3 dB/km. The total of all the connector losses at the two
ends is 4 dB. Calculate the available system margin.
7.01 dB
143. A 45 km length of fiber must not lengthen pulses by more than 100 ns. Find the
maximum permissible value for the pulse spreading contrast.
2.22 ns/km
144. A fiber is rated as having a bandwidth-distance product of 500 MHz-km. Find its
dispersion in ns/km, and the rise time of a pulse in a 5 km length of this cable.
5 ns
DEMODULATION
52. What is the simplest form of CW detector?
Ans. A circuit that can detect the presence or absence of RF energy
53. What principle is used to help distinguish between two CW signals that are close in
frequency?
Ans. Heterodyning
54. How does heterodyning distinguish between CW signals?
Ans. By giving a different beat frequency for each signal
55. What simple, one-transistor detector circuit uses the heterodyne principle?
Ans. Regenerative detector
56. What three functions does the transistor in a regenerative detector serve?
Ans. Oscillator, mixer, and detector
57. What does the simplest diode detector use to reproduce the modulating frequency?
Ans. The modulation envelope
58. What is the function of the diode in a series-diode detector?
Ans. Rectifies the RF pulses in the received signal.
59. Which junction of the transistor in the common-emitter detector detects the modulation
envelope?
Ans. Emitter-base junction
60. How is the output signal developed in the common-emitter detector?
Ans. By the collector current flow through R4
61. Which junction acts as the detector in a common-base detector?
Ans. Emitter-base junction
62. To what circuit arrangement is a common-base detector equivalent?
Ans. A diode detector followed by a stage of audio amplification.
63. What is the simplest form of FM detector?
Ans. Slope detector
64. What type of tank circuit is used in the Foster-Seeley discriminator?
Ans. A double-tuned tank circuit
65. What is the primary advantage of a ratio detector?
Ans. Suppresses amplitude noise without limiter stages.
66. What circuit functions does the tube in a gated-beam detector serve?
Ans. Limits, detects, and amplifies.
67. What condition must exist on both the limiter and quadrature grids for current to flow in a
gated-beam detector?
Ans. Both grids must be positively biased
68. Name two advantages of the gated-beam detector.
Ans. Extreme simplicity, few components, and ease of adjustment.
69. Where is the intelligence contained in a phase-modulated signal?
Ans. In the amount and rate of phase shift of the carrier wave.
70. How is a quadrature detector changed when used for phase demodulation?
Ans. The quadrature grid signal is excited by a reference from the transmitter.
71. In its simplest form, what functions must a radar detector be capable of performing?
Ans. Detecting the presence of RF energy.
72. What characteristic of pulse does a peak detector sample?
Ans. Pulse amplitude or pulse duration
73. What is the time constant of the resistor and capacitor in a peak detector for PAM?
Ans. At least 10 times the interpulse period
MODULATION/RECEIVERS/TRANSMITTERS
74. The power output of a single-sideband transmitter is normally expressed as the _____
power.
Ans. peak envelope *
75. SSB modulation is classified as ______
Ans. AM *
124. Calculate the modulation index for a waveform with a maximum voltage of 150 V and
minimum voltage of 70 V.
Ans. 0.364 or 36.4%
125. An AM broadcast transmitter has a carrier power output of 50 kW. What is the total
power would be produced with 80% modulation?
Ans. 66 kW
126. An AM broadcast transmitter has a carrier power output of 50 kW. What is the power in
one sideband with 80% modulation?
Ans. 8 kW
127. An AM broadcast transmitter has a carrier power output of 50 kW. What is the total
sideband power with 80% modulation?
Ans. 16 kW
129. A transmitter with 10 kW carrier power transmit 12 kW when modulated with a single
sine wave. When modulated with another sinewave at 50% modulation, calculate the total
transmitted power.
Ans. 13.25 *
131. In SSBSC system, if the peak envelope power (PEP) is 10 W, what will be the value of
the maximum instantaneous peak power?
Ans. 20 W *
132. In SSBSC system, if the peak voltage is 25 volts and the load resistance is 50 ohms,
what will be the value of the peak envelope power (PEP)?
Ans. 6.25 W *
133. A carrier wave with an RMS voltage of 20 V and a frequency = 1.5 MHz, is modulated
by a sine wave with a frequency of 500 Hz and amplitude of 10 VRMS. Determine the peak
voltage of the carrier and of the lower side frequency.
Ans. 28.3 V; 7.1 V *
136. An FM broadcast transmitter operates at its maximum deviation of 75 kHz. Find the
modulation index for a sinusoidal modulation signal with a frequency of 50 Hz.
Ans. 1500
137. A phase modulator has a phase modulator sensitivity of kp = 2 radians per volt. What
RMS voltage of a sine wave would cause a peak phase deviation of 60 degrees?
Ans. 0.37 V
141. A phase modulator has a sensitivity of kp = 3 radians per volt. How much frequency
deviation does it produces with a sine-wave input of 2 V peak at a frequency of 1 kHz?
Ans. 6 kHz
142. An FM signal has a deviation of 3 kHz and a modulating frequency of 1 kHz. Its total
power is 5 W, developed across a 50-ohm resistive load. The carrier frequency is 160 MHz.
Using Carson’s rule, calculate the bandwidth of the signal.
Ans. 16 kHz
143. An FM signal has a modulation index, mf = 3 and a modulating frequency of 2 kHz. Its
total power is 5W, developed across a 50-ohm resistive load. The carrier frequency is 160
MHz. Using Carson’s rule, calculate the bandwidth of the signal.
Ans. 16 kHz
144. An FM signal has a frequency deviation of 5 kHz and a modulating frequency of 1 kHz.
The signal to noise ratio at the input to the receiver detector is 20 dB. Calculate the
approximate signal-to-noise ratio at the detector output.
Ans. 34 dB
145. A crytal oscillator is accurate within 0.0005%. How far off frequency could be at 27
MHz?
Ans. 135 Hz
146. A transmitter has a carrier power output of 10 W at an efficiency of 70%. How much
power must be supplied by the modulating amplifier for 100% modulation?
Ans. 7.14 W
148. A collector modulated class C amplifier has a carrier output power Pc of 100 W and an
efficiency of 70%. Calculate the supply power and the transistor power dissipation with
100% modulation.
Ans. Ps = 214 W; Pd= 64 W
150. A portable radio transmitter has to operate transmitter has to operate at temperature
from -5 to 35 degrees C. If its signal is derived from a crystal oscillator with a temperature
coefficient of +1 ppm per degree Celsius and it transmits at exactly 146 MHz at 20 degrees
C, find the transmitting frequency at the upper temperature limit.
Ans. 146.00219 MHz
151. A phase-locked loop has a VCO with a free-running frequency of 12 MHz. As the
frequency of the reference input is gradually raised from zero, the loop locks at 10 MHz and
comes out again at 16 MHz. Find the capture range and lock range.
Ans. Capture range = 4 MHz, Lock range = 8 MHz
103. Calculate the effective radiated power (ERP) of a repeater with 200 W transmitting
power output, 1 dB feedline loss, 3 dB duplexer loss, 3 dB circulator loss, and feedline
antenna gain of 10 dB?
Answer: 398 W
104. Find the cutoff frequency for the TE10 mode in an air-dielectric waveguide with an
inside cross section of 2 cm by 4 cm.
Answer: 3.75 GHz
107. Find the group velocity for the waveguide with a cutoff frequency of 3.75 GHz and
operating at 5 GHz.
Answer: 198 x 10^6 m/s
108. Find the characteristic impedance of the waveguide used with a cutoff frequency of
3.75 GHz at a frequency of 5 GHz
Answer: 570 ohms
109. Find the guide wavelength for the waveguide used with a phase velocity of 454 x 10^6
m/s at a frequency of 5 GHz
Answer: 9.08 cm
110. A microwave communication uses plane reflector as passive repeaters. The diameter
of the parabolic antenna is 18 ft., while the effective area is 310 ft^2. Determine the reflector
coupling factor.
Answer: 0.906
RADAR
111. Radar surface-angular measurements are referenced to true north and measured in
what plane?
Horizontal Plane
112. The distance from a radar set to a target measured along the line of sight is identified
by what term?
Range
113. How much time is required for electromagnetic energy to travel 1 nautical mile and
return to the source?
12.36 microseconds
114. In addition to recovery time, what determines the minimum range of a radar set?
Pulse width
115. Atmospheric interference with the travel of electromagnetic energy increases with what
rf energy characteristic?
Frequency
116. How is prt related to prf?
1/prt = prf
117. What type of radar transmitter power is measured over a period of time?
Average Power
118. What term is used to describe the product of pulse width and pulse-repetition
frequency?
Duty Cycle
119. What type of target bearing is referenced to your ship?
Relative bearing
120. What type of radar detects range, bearing, and height?
Three-dimensional
121. What characteristic/s of radiated energy is/are altered to achieve electronic scanning?
Frequency or phase
122. What term is used to describe the ability of a radar system to distinguish between
targets that are close together?
Target resolution
123. The degree of bearing resolution for a given radar system depends on what two
factors?
Beam width and range
124. What happens to the speed of electromagnetic energy traveling through air as the
altitude increases?
Speed increases
125. What term is used to describe a situation in which atmospheric temperature first
increases with altitude and then begins to decrease?
Temperature inversion
126. What radar subsystem supplies timing signals to coordinate the operation of the
complete system?
Synchronizer
127. What radar component permits the use of a single antenna for both transmitting and
receiving?
Duplexer
128. What is the simplest type of scanning?
Single lobe
129. What are the two basic methods of scanning?
Mechanical and electronic
130. Rotation of an rf-feed source to produce a conical scan pattern is identified by what
term?
Nutation
131. The Doppler effect causes a change in what aspect of rf energy that strikes a moving
object?
Frequency
132. The Doppler variation is directly proportional to what radar contact characteristic?
Velocity
133. The Doppler method of object detection is best for what type of objects?
Fast-moving targets
134. The beat frequency in a swept-frequency transmitter provides what contact
information?
Range
135. What factor determines the difference between the transmitted frequency and the
received frequency in an FM transmitter?
Travel Time
136. What type of objects are most easily detected by an FM system?
Stationary
137. What transmission method does NOT depend on relative frequency or target motion?
Pulse Modulation
138. What transmission method uses a stable CW reference oscillator, which is locked in
phase with the transmitter frequency?
Pulse-Doppler
139. What type of radar provides continuous range, bearing, and elevation data on an
object?
Track Radar
140. Radar altimeters use what type of transmission signal?
Frequency Modulated (FM)
206. A radar transmitter has a power of 10 kW and operates at a frequency of 9.5 GHz. Its
signal reflects from a target 15 km away with a radar cross section of 10.2 square meters.
The gain of the antenna is 20 dBi. Calculate the received signal power.
10.1 fW
207. Find the Doppler shift caused by a vehicle moving toward a radar at 60 mph, if the
radar operates at 10 GHz.
1.778 kHz
ACRONYMS
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service MSC Mobile Switching Center
BSC Base Station Controller MTSO Mobile Telephone Switching
Office
CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data NAM Number Assignment Module
CMAC Control Mobile Attenuation Code PCS Personal Communication
Systems
DCC Digital Color Code PN Pseudo random Noise
EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for Global RCC Radio Common Carrier
Evolution
ERP Effective Radiated Power SAT Supervisory Audio Tone
ESN Electronic Serial Number SCM Station Class Mark
ESN Electronic Serial Number SID System Identification Number
GPRS General Packet Radio Service SIM Subscriber ID
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber UPT Universal Personal
Identification Telecommunications
IMT International Mobile UWT Universal Wireless
Telecommunications Telecommunications
MIN Mobile Identification Number WCDMA Wide CDMA
MSC Mobile Switching Center WISP Wireless Internet Service
Provider
42. Calculate the angle of declination for an antenna using a polar mount at latitude of 45
degrees.
6.81 degrees
43. Calculate the length of the path to a geosynchronous satellite from an earth station
where the angle of elevation is 30 degrees.
39 x 10^3 km
45. A receiving antenna with a gain of 40 dBi looks at at a sky with a noise temperature of
15K. The loss between the antenna and the LNA input, due to the feedhorn, is 0.4 dB, and
the LNA has a noise temperature of 40K. Calculate G/T (Antenna gain-to-noise-
temperature).
20.6 dB
46. A receiver has a noise figure of 1.5 dB. Find its equivalent noise temperature.
119K
47. The receiving installation whose G/T was found to be 20.6 dB is used as a ground
terminal to receive a signal from a satellite at a distance of 38,000 km. the satellite has
transmitter power of 50 watts and an antenna gain of 30 dBi. Assume losses between the
satellite transmitter and its antenna is negligible. The frequency is 12 GHz. Calculate the
carrier-to-noise ratio at the receiver, for a bandwidth of 1 MHz.
30.6 dB
48. If a satellite has a total transmitter power (Pt) of 1000 W, determine the energy per bit
(Eb) for a transmission rate of 50 Mbps.
-47 dBW/bps or -47 dbJ
49. For an equivalent noise bandwidth of 10 MHz and a total noise power of 0.00276 pW,
determine the noise density and equivalent noise temperature.
276 x 10^-23 W/Hz or -205.6 dBW/Hz
50. A typical TVRO installation for use with C-band satellite (downlink at approximately 4
GHz) has a diameter of about 3 m and an efficiency of about 55%. Calculate its gain and
beamwidth.
G = 39 dB, beamwidth = 1.75 degrees
51. For an earth station transmitter with an antenna output power of 40dB (10000 W), a
back-off loss of 3dB, a total branching and feeder loss of 3dB, and a transmitter antenna
gain of 40dB, determine the EIRP
74 dBW
Sun
Earth
Moon
All of these (Correct Answer)
32. Determine the characteristic impedance for an RG-59A coaxial cable with the following
specifications: d=0.025 inches, D=0.15 inches, and dielectric constant of 2.23
72 ohms
33. Determine the characteristic impedance for an RG-59A coaxial cable with the following
specifications: L = 0.118 uH/ft and C = 21 pF/ft
75 ohms.
34. For a given length of RG 8A/U coaxial cable with a distributed capacitance of 96.6pF/m,
a distributed inductance of 241.56 nH/m, and a relative dielectric constant of 2.3, determine
the velocity of propagation and the velocity factor;
2.07x10^8m/s; 0.69
35. For a transmission line with an incident voltage of 5V and a reflected voltage of 3V,
determine the reflection coefficient and the SWR.
r=0.6, SWR=4
36. A pulse is transmitted down a cable that has a velocity of propagation of 0.8c. The
reflected signal is received 1us later. How far down the cable is the impairment?
120 m.
37. Using TDR, a transmission line impairment is located 3000m from the source. For
velocity of propagation of 0.9c, determine the time elapsed from the beginning of the pulse
to the reception of the echo.
22.22 us
38. Determine the impedance of λ/4 line to match 600ohm feed to 75 ohm antenna. 212
ohm
39. If a cable has a velocity factor of 0.8, what length of cable is required for a 90 degree
phase shift at 100 meters?
0.6 meters
40. The scientist who profounded the theory of electromagnetic radiation James
Maxwell*
41. Antenna radiated power is ______ of the antenna current.
proportional to the square (I^2)
42. Antenna field strength is _____ to the antenna current.
directly proportional (I)
43. Antennas assuming having similar size, has largest gain.
Parabolic*
44. Antenna whose technical equivalent is λ/4 line is open circuited.
Dipole*
45. Marconi type of antenna is a grounded _____ vertical antenna.
λ/4*
46. Antenna used in mobile communications, mounted on vehicles.
Marconi*
47. Antenna used for radiating AM broadcast band.
λ/2 vertical antenna.*
48. Electrical length of a Marconi antenna needed for AM broadcasting can be increased by
using series loading of capacitor.*
49. The SI unit of magnetic field intensity.
Ampere/meter*
50. The radio wavelength known as ______ falls within the medium frequency range
hectrometric waves*
149. A dipole antenna has a radiation resistance of 67 ohms and a loss resistance of 5
ohms measured at the feedpoint. Calculate the efficiency.
93%
150. Determine the efficiency with the following: Pin = 1000w, I = 10 A, R = 8 ohm.
80%
152. The ERP of a transmitting station is 17W in a given direction. Express this as an ERP
in dBm so that it can be used with the path loss equation. Also find EIRP.
ERP = 42.3 dBm; EIRP = 44.44 dBm
153. A helical antenna with eight turns is to be constructed for a frequency of 1.2GHz (a)
calculate the optimum diameter and spacing for the antenna and find the total length of the
antenna. (b) calculate the antenna gain in dBi (c) calculate the bandwidth.
(a) 62.5 mm; (b) 14.8 dBi; (c) 36.6 degrees
154. A parabolic antenna has a diameter of 3 m, an efficiency of 60%, and operates at a
frequency of 4 GHz. Calculate the gain and beamwidth.
G = 39.8 dBi; beamwidth = 1.78 degrees.
155. A power of 100 W is supplied to an isotropic radiator. What is the power density at a
point 10 km away?
79.6 nW/square meter
156. Find the electrical field strength for a signal power of 100W at a distance of 10 km
away.
5.48 mV/m
157. A 5 kW power, produces a field intensity of 50 uV/m at the receiver, what field intensity
will be received if the power is raised to 20 kW?
100uV/m
158. A transmitter has a power output of 150 W at a carrier frequency of 325 MHz. It is
connected to an antenna with a gain of 12 dBi. The receiving antenna is 10km away and
has a gain of 5 dBi. Calculate the power delivered to the receiver, assuming free-space
propagation. Assume also that there are no losses or mismatches in the system.
404 nW
159. A taxi company uses a central dispatcher, with an antenna at the top of a 15 m tower,
to communicate with taxi cabs. The taxi antennas are on the roofs of the cars,
approximately 1.5 m above the ground. Calculate the maximum communication distance:
(a) between the dispatcher and a taxi (b) between taxis
(a) 21 km (b) 10.1 km
160. In the right-hand rule for propagation, the thumb points in the direction of the E field
and the forefinger points in the direction of the H field. In what direction does the middle
finger point?
Direction of wave propagation.
161. Which two composite fields (composed of E and H fields) are associated with every
antenna?
Induction field and radiation field
162. What composite field (composed of E and H fields) is found stored in the antenna?
Induction field.
163. What composite field (composed of E and H fields) is propagated into free space?
Radiation field
164. If a transmitting antenna is placed close to the ground, how should the antenna be
polarized to give the greatest signal strength?
Vertically polarized.
165. What is one of the major reasons for the fading of radio waves which have been
reflected from a surface?
Shifting in the phase relationships of the wave.
166. What are the three layers of the atmosphere?
Troposphere, stratosphere and ionosphere
167. Which layer of the atmosphere has relatively little effect on radio waves?
Stratosphere
168. What is the determining factor in classifying whether a radio wave is a ground wave or
a space wave?
Whether the component of the wave is travelling along the surface or over the
surface of the earth.
169. What is the best type of surface or terrain to use for radio wave transmission?
Radio horizon is about 1/3 farther.
170. What is the primary difference between the radio horizon and the natural horizon?
Seawater.
171. What three factors must be considered in the transmission of a surface wave to reduce
attenuation?
(a) electrical properties of the terrain (b) frequency (c) polarization of the antenna
172. What causes ionization to occur in the ionosphere?
High energy ultraviolet waves from the sun.
173. How are the four layers of the ionosphere designated?
D,E,F1,F2 layers.
174. What is the height of the individual layers of the ionosphere?
D layer is 30-55 miles, E layer is 55 to 90 miles, F layers are 90 to 240 miles.
175. What factor determines whether a radio wave is reflected or refracted by the
ionosphere?
Thickness of ionized layer
176. There is a maximum frequency at which vertically transmitted radio waves can be
refracted back to earth. What is this maximum frequency called?
Critical Frequency.
177. What three main factors determine the amount of refraction in the ionosphere?
(a) density of ionization of the layer (b) frequency (c) angle at which it enters the layer
178. What is the skip zone of a radio wave?
A zone of silence between the ground wave and sky wave where there is no
reception.
179. Where does the greatest amount of ionospheric absorption occur in the ionosphere?
Where ionization density is greatest
180. What is meant by the term multipath?
A term used to describe the multiple pattern a radio wave may follow.
181. When a wide band of frequencies is transmitted simultaneously, each frequency will
vary in the amount of fading. What is this variable fading called?
Selective fading
182. What are two main sources of EMI with which radio waves must compete?
Natural and man-made interference
183. Thunderstorms, snow storms, cosmic sources, the sun, etc., are a few examples of
emi sources. What type of EMI comes from these sources?
Natural
184. Motors, switches, voltage-regulators, generators, etc., are a few examples of EMI
sources, what type of EMI comes from these sources?
Man-made
185. What are the two general types of variations in the ionosphere?
Regular and irregular variations.
186. What is the main difference between these two types of variations?
Regular variations can be predicted but irregular variations are
Unpredictable
187. What are the four main classes of regular variation which affect the extent of ionization
in the ionosphere?
Daily, seasonal, 11-year, and 27-days variation.
188. What are the three more common types of irregular variations in the ionosphere?
Sporadic E, sudden disturbances, and ionospheric storms.
189. How do raindrops affect radio waves?
They can cause attenuation by scattering.
190. How does fog affect radio waves at frequencies above 2 Gigahertz?
It can cause attenuation by absorption
191. How is the term “temperature inversion” used when referring to radio waves?
It is a condition where layers of warm air are formed above layers of cool air.
192. How does temperature inversion affect radio transmission?
It can cause vhf and uhf transmission to be propagated far beyond normal line-of-
sight distances.
193. In what layer of the atmosphere does virtually all weather phenomena occur?
Troposphere
194. Which radio frequency bands use the tropospheric scattering principle for propagation
of radio waves?
VHF and above.
What are the two types of network software? Peer to peer, client
server
What is used to fire a geosynchronous satellite to attain its final Apogee kick motor
circular geostationary orbit?
What camera tube uses lead oxide for the photoconductive…? Plumbicon
What is the IMT-2000 maximum data rate for mobile user in a high 144 kbps
speed vehicle?
What is the signal sent y the network to the calling telephone in Ringback tone
order to indicate theat the called telephone is ringing?
What is the advantage of optical fiber made up of plastic? Inexpensive and more
flexible
The maximum radiation from any electronic equipment should not 100 mr
exceed _______ mr per week?
A type of card with embedded integrated circuit with functions that Smart card
can be used in storing subscriber information in a PCS system
What is the tone produced by a sound source other than the Sidetone
fundamental tone?
What is the digital audio compression that substitutes MP3 audio? Dolby AC-3
In the operation and maintenance of cable TV system, you need a Duly registered ECE
What is the amount of sound attenuation offered by the wall, Transmission loss
ceiling and floor?
What is the typical range of velocity factor in a coaxial cable? 0.6 to 0.8
What devices are inserted into a telephone channel if the total net Echo suppressors
loss of the trunk circuit exceeds about 2.5 dB?
The orbits of the GPS satellites are nearly circular with inclination 55 degrees
angles of ____ degrees relative to the equator
Why is geostationary satellite not stationary for region near poles The angle of inclination
of the earth? is too low for these
regions
What is the maximum bit rate for fiber optic cable? 10 Gig per sec
What is the increase in the network capacity that can be achieved 70%
by 3G wireless system?
What is the major benefit of DSB and SSB? Higher power in the
sidebands
How much is the fine of unauthorized servicing of mobile phones? 5000 Pesos per unit
What is the speed of the geostationary satellite? 6879 statute miles per
hour
What refers to the ability of the FM receiver to receive the stronger Capture effect
of the two signals and ignoring the weaker one?
What class of mobile phone whose maximum power output level Class 2 or transportable
is specified as the ERP of 2dB watts? (1.6 Watts) phone
What refers to the reflection at the interface of two optical Frenzel reflection
materials which depends on their refractive index and the angle in
which light strikes the interface
What do you call the calls which cannot be completed because Blocked calls
the central office or PBX switching capacity was full at the time the
call was attempted?
What layer in the OSI is responsible for transmitting bits in the Physical layer
communications channel?
What is the ratio of the speed of light in air to the speed of light in Index of refraction
another medium?
The memory storage in cellular phones for the telephone number MPEG 1 (Motion Pictures
to be used are stored in what is known as Experts Group)
What is the speech coding rate of GSM for cellular system? 13 kbps
What is the lowest layer in the OSI model that deals with matters Physical layer
such as voltage and current levels?
What is the modulation and multiplexing technique that distribute Spread spectrum
signals and its sidebands over a very wide bandwidth
What is the operating frequency of telephone quality analog voice 300 Hz- 3 kHz
signals?
What scrambling method is used in compact disc digital audio 8 to 14 modulation
system to ensure that enough transitions between zero’s and
one’s can take easily clocking information?
What is the achievable data rate of 3G cellular system? More than 2 mbps
What order of the NTC which provides implementing guidelines on Office Order 87-08-2004
the grant of mobile phone dealers permit? (MPDP)
What is the main disadvantage of fiber optic cable made of glass Brittleness
In tv, which controls the phase angle of demodulated color video Tint
signal
In general typical range of frequency that troposcatter wave 350 MHz to 10 GHz
propagation is found to be effective
What modulation is used in Enhance Data rate for GSM Evolution 8PSK
(EDGE)
Where should MBSCP or MDPD file their application? NTC regional office
If public key is used to encrypt the message, what is required to Private key
decipher it?
What do you call a card that comes with an 800/888 number that Pre-paid phone card
the card owner dials to reach a network that allows him to dial
anywhere he likes
What is IMT 2000 maximum data rate for pedestrian mobile users 384 kbps
and for slow moving vehicles?
Refers to many major wireless manufacturer that have combined Wireless application
to create de facto standards in creating this content protocol
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
What is the maximum power of the Class 1 analog mobile phone 600 mW
The average voltage value of the 3.58MHz modulated chrominance The brightness of the
signal in TV receivers is___________ color
The aeronautical radio navigation land station that provides direct Omni-directional range
bearing on that station from an aircraft is known as _____________ station
What is the frequency tolerance for aircraft station employing SSB 20 ppm
transmission?
The range of the human hearing can form how many octaves 10
What results in the luminance components interfering in the color Cross luminance
signal, it occurs whenever there is diagonal detail on that picture and
gets worse with motion
“?” requires that the amplitude of each sample be converted into Binary number
______
In the single tube class C amplifier why is the “?” modulated envelop Because of flywheel
that made up of varying amplitude dc pulses
What is the data transmission rate of the North American AMPS 10 kbps
The split pair is used by IBM token ring network that operates at 4 or 16 Mbps
either
In acoustics, what do you call the present combination of interval Consonant interval
What is a system where cables and wires are placed within the Poke probe
ceiling and poked up in the resistance floor structured to office or the
room above
What is the maximum VF tone that may be fed in the telephone line 0 VU
What is the number of lines scan per frame in the raster on the 525
picture tube
What is the velocity of the geostationary satellite in orbit 6879 statute mph
What is the accuracy of LORAN C long range hyperbolic radio ¼ of a mile absolute &
navigation system >100ft
What frequency sharing technique uses highly directional spot beam Spatial isolation
antennas to prevent interference between stations of the
same frequency.
What is the variation of the discriminator which greatly reduces Radio detector
sensitivity to amplitude variations and causes a 50% reduction in
output voltage
In the NTSC regulation, how much is the fine for the MPSC Php5000
operating without valid NTC permit
What is the term for the ratio for the luminous power to the radiant Luminosity
power in the sample of light and expressed in lumens per watt of
gradient energy
What do you call a special microwave coaxial cable which is made of Hard line
hard tubing rather that wire with an insulating cover that can be used
on the lower microwave band
Which of the following are antennas made with micro strip on PCBs Patch antenna
Which coaxial connector is of more complex and expensive that do a n-type connector
better job in maintaining the electrical char of the cable through
interconnection
What is the dielectric constant of polyethylene insulator 2.27
For an angle of incidence = to the critical angle the light will be Along the normal
refracted
How much more feed point Z does a folded dipole have than normal 4 times
dipole
What filter may be connected between a CB transmitter and its Low pass filter
antenna
When real time communication is required the only way to address Constellation
the second fragment is to use a ____ containing more that 1 satellite
What is the advantage of using hub over direct interconnection to all Its easy to move
the terminals computers
A network using microwave for two way transmission of telephony Local Multipoint
and in high speed data Distribution System
(LMDS)
What refers to the emphasizing low level signals and compressing Companding
high level signals
What refers to the nonlinear effect that occurs at low power as low Bruilloin scattering
as 3mw in single mode fiber and takes the form of a light shifter
slightly in frequency from the original light wave
In wide area networks what routing technique requires each node to Flooding
take the incoming packet and retransmit it onto every outgoing line?
For analog dram scanners what type of modulation is used after the FM
receive light has been converted into electrical energy?
What is the most commonly used transmission line? Coax cable or line
Why is a matched line indistinguishable from an infinitely long line as Since no energy is
seen from the source? reflected from the
match load, so for the
source it appears as if
energy is put into the
line continuous to
move down the line
forever
What is the achievable data rate of the 3G cellular system? More than 2Mbps
What is the time period for a single time slot in GSM TDMA 8
structure?
What packets switch data technique is used with the GSM systems? GPRS
What do you call the process by analog signal are transmitted by PAM
converting them into a series of pulses whose amplitude is
approximately the shape of the analog signal
In Ethernet LAN, what situation arises when two or more terminals Contention
try to transmit in the network at the same time?
What do you call the interval which it’s an integer or whole fraction Octave interval
ratio
What do you call the first note of the musical scale? Root note
In what year will the FCC face the analog broadcasting? 2006
Which of the following is or are parts of the network interface card? Both BNC and RJ49
connectors
What class of mobile phone has a maximum power level specified Class III (mobile
as ERP of -2dBW or 600mW phone)
What refers to a series of tones that sounds good when used in Musical scale
combination
An MPD shop properly identifies its business and location by posting 50cm x 100cm
conspicuously at the entrance of its premises a sign board, what are
the dimensions of the sign board?
If two signal are in quadrature, what tie the phase relation 90 degrees
What feature of SONET allows data spin with different paths to be Payload pointer
sync
What is a specialized transformer that allows telephone voice signals Hybrid coil
to travel in both directions simultaneously in a single twisted pair
loop
Cable TV companies collect signals and programs from many Head end
sources in a facility called ____________
What is the reason why tropospheric ducting not used very much in Because it is not
practical communication systems? reliable
What is the function of a hybrid in the telephone handset Decrease mic signal in
phones
When the called telephone is ringing, the CO sends a pulse AC Ringback signal
voltage to the calling telephone. What is that signal called?
What unit refers to radiation other than x-rays which will have an Rep - roentgen
absorption equal to 1 roentgens equivalent physical
Different sources of radiation have different effect which are related Rbe – roentgen
to x-rays by a number which is referred to as the ______ biological
effectiveness
What is the combined mixer and LO that uses 1 transistor of tube or Antodyne converter
both
Lossless compression scheme generally look for redundancies in the Run length
data for instance the string of zeroes can be replaced with a code that encoding
tells the receivers the length of the string. What do you call this
technique?
Which ground based navigation system has a center frequency of 108- VOR or DME
118MHz
All colors on the color test signal are modulated at 75% except what Gray
color?
What frequency is used to signal handoffs to another cell and the 10kHz
termination of the cell in cellular communications
What is essentially a cell site shelter that is mounted on flat bed tractor COW
trailer used for emergency purposes
In cellular system what defines the geographic distance that is required Distance-to-reuse
between cells used in identical frequencies in order to avoid interference ratio (D/R)
between the radio transmissions of this cells?
RA 9292 was approved by Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on what April 17, 2004
date?
Which of the following is considered the first instance of government Radio act of 1910
regulation of radio technology?
What do you call the random data send continuously by the NIC that Jabber
disrupts the whole area network?
What law regulates the operation of cable antenna system in the Phil? EO 205
Which of the following is the nearest star to the solar system? Proxima Centauri
What is the shifting of antenna pattern so that the major lobe is at an Down tilt
angle below the horizontal?
What allows one antenna to be used for reception and transmission Duplexer
without mutual interference?
What do you call the call that cannot be completed because of the Block call
central office or PBX switching capacity is full at the time the call
attempted?
Why does an FM antenna ammeter not change with modulation? No power added
with modulation
In color CRT, what refers to adjustment of the three electron beam so Purity
that each lens canphosper dots on the appropriate color?
In a satellite system, what do you call the focus beam of energy that Spot beam
covers a relatively small area on the earth produced by high gain
antenna on the satellite?
What radio system was developed to provide high speed packet data GPRS
access for the GSM network?
What type of radar is used for speed measurements such as the one CW Doppler radar
used by the police or the police radar?
With what type of emission does this tuning by 200Hz materially J3E
degrade the received signal?
What will you change in order that gain of transistor amplifier can vary? The collector
current
How much of the emission must be within the bandwidth of the 99%
transmitter
Why does a higher impedance line have lower copper loss than a lower Because higher
impedance line? impedance line has
lower current for a
given power level
What is considered as the simplest transmitter keyed on and off to The oscillator
produce CW Morse code?
Occasionally rockets will contain more than one satellite, what do you Initial payload
call the main satellite to be launched?
How many orbital plans which are equally spaced around the equator in 6
GPS operational constellation?
What is the popular fiber optics cable with the glass core and plastic PCS (plastic clad
cladding called? silica)
What is a FM receiver that causes a stronger signal to dominate the Capture effect
weaker signal in the same frequency?
What is the advantage of using SSB suppressed carrier AM as the It has the least
modulation scheme for FDM telephony? bandwidth
What may cause ionic disturbance characterized by rapid cluttering Aurora borealis
sound hence voice communication is poor?
What is used to convert the scene or object nearest to view the electrical Television camera
signal which can be used to modulate the carrier?
What is the advantage of toroid inductors over air core inductors? High permeability
of the core
The mandatory 24 ship-to-shore communications from 1910-1912 was The Republic and
established by the US, Great Britain and other maritime nation as the The Titanic
direct result of the sinking of the 2 famous ships, which are?
How much is the filling fee for application of MDSCP or MPDP Php180
What layer of the OSI model handles the transmission of bites over a Physical layer
communications channel?
Which of the ff. coaxial cable connectors is called the UHF connector? PL 259
What expresses the steepness of the skirts of the skirts selectivity of a Shape factor
radio receiver?
In SSB, the transmitter output is expressed in terms of _________? Peak envelop
power
Which of the ff. is the policy guidelines to govern the operation of cable PO 436
TV in the Philippines?
What is the standard signal format of a numeric paging receiver? NEC B3 standard
Helical antennas are often used for satellite tracking VHF because of? Faraday’s effect
What traffic model is based on the assumption that calls not immediately Erlang C
satisfied at the first attempt are held in the system until satisfied?
What is the 3rd layer of the OSI protocol model which sets up the path to Baseband
transmit data between terminals and modulation is used?
If the antenna current increases 3.3 times how much is the field strength 3.3 times
increase?
What is the term used to describe a computer operating system allows Multi-tasking
multiple program to run simultaneously without interfering with each
other
What is the 1st type of modulation using an SB microphone called? Absorption or loop
What are used to allow fiber optics to operate at much higher data rates Polyethylene
and over longer distances with the use of range and resist abrasion?
If the satellite is lunched at the speed exceeding 25000mph, the satellite Space probe
will not go in orbit and will break away from the gravitational pull of the
earth and go out in deep space what do you call this satellite?
What is used to improve the signal to noise ratio for either PCM or delta Companding
modulation signals?
In a system, if the system to have a net gain there would be a possibility Singing
of oscillation due to feedback from this reflection, what is this called?
In a propagation medium such in the glass of an optical fiber ____ is the MIE scattering
scattering of an electromagnetic wave by particles with the size about
equal or greater than the wavelength?
What is the ratio of speed of light in air to the speed of light in another Index of refraction
medium?
What LED is usual signal source for plastic fiber? Red LED
What carrier shift results with insufficient grid excitation to a grid Positive
modulated stage?
A few centimeters long solid insulated hook-up wire that provides small Gimmick
capacitance to the ground that is adjusted during circuit alignment by
bending slightly in one direction or another, what do you call this wire?
What is the main disadvantage of fiber optic cable made of glass? Brittleness
The max. radiation for electronic equipment must not exceed 100
___ mr/week
What refers to any sonic, infrasonic, or ultrasonic wave which is emitted Radiation
from electronic product as a result of the operation of its electronic
circuit
Why larger antennas are receive stronger signals than smaller antenna? Because they have
greater effective
area or greater
proportion of
radiated energy
intercepted
What vacuum tube is used for microwave amplification and oscillation? Klystron
What is the advantage of using variable and balance T-type attenuator Maintain small
pass as gain control? constant z
What refers to the sampling of analog signal used in a sample and hold Flat top sampling
circuit such that the sample will have the same amplitude for its whole
duration
Which of the ff. identifies the maximum transmitted power level of a Station class mark
mobile phone?
If the distance between the sound source and the listener is changing, Doppler effect
the freq. heard will defer from the freq. emitted, this phenomenon is
called?
How much is the inspection fee for application of MPDP or MPCP? Php720/year
Which NTC memorandum circular provides for the additional rules and MC 08-08-2004
regulations on the purchase, sale, lease and retail of mobile phones?
What protocol is used in the check sum method of error detection? X modem
In cellular system, typically how many cells in the freq. reuse plan 7
format?
Horizontal: 100 scan lines per inch; Vertical 100 scan lines per inch
H: 200 or 204 SL/inch; V: 100 or 98 SL/inch (‘standard’); V: 200 or 196 SL/inch
(‘fine’); V: 400 or 391 SL/inch (‘super fine’)
H: 300 SL/inch; V: 300 SL/inch
H: 400 or 408 SL/inch; V: 400 or 391 SL/inch
· Group 4 faxes conform to the ITU-T Recommendations T.563, T.503, T.521, T.62, T.70,
T.72, T.411 to T.417. They are designed to operate over 64kbit/s digital ISDN circuits. Their
resolution is determined by the T.6 recommendation, which is a superset of the T.4
recommendation.
RF-ID
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Systems) are intended to carry data in suitable
transponders, generally known as tags, and to retrieve data, by hand- or machine- means,
at a suitable time and place to satisfy particular application needs.
RFID (radio Frequency Identity) systems employ tiny chips and wireless antennas that can
be imbedded into products and used for unique identification purposes. It is a contact-less
solution that works with proximity readers and RFID tags.
Proximity readers – a device which transmits and interrogating/querying signal to an RFID
tag and received unique information from the tag.
a) low power with ERP not exceeding 500mW
b) high power with ERP not exceeding 2W or 4W EIRP
RFID tag – a microchip attached to an antenna than picks up signals from and sends
signals to a reader. A tag contains a unique number, but may have other information as
customers’ account number
RFID tags maybe classified as:
a) active tag – used for long distance purposes such as in toll highways, parking areas, gas
stations. This tag uses small batteries which enable it to send signals at a longer distance
b) passive tags – used very near or in close proximity to a reader and does not use any
internal battery
The use and operation of RFIDs shall be allowed in the following frequency bands:
13.553 – 13.567 Mhz
918 – 920 Mhz
2446 – 2454 Mhz
Proximity readers shall be covered by a certificate of registration to be issued upon one-
time payment of the following fees:
a. low power readers, PHP 100.00
b. high power readers, PHP 300.00
Imported RFID tags shall be covered by Permit to Import to be issued upon payment of
Permit fee of PHP 100.00 per 1,000 units.
Sale of unregistered RFID proximity reader, PHP 5,000.00 per unit or with forfeiture of
equipment
Selling of RFID tags not covered by Permit Fee, PHP 2,500.00 for the 1st offense, PHP
5,000.00 for the 2nd offense, PHP 7,500.00 for the 3rd and so on.
Illegal acquisition of RFID reader, PHP 5,000.00 per unit and/or with forfeiture of equipment.
Sale of illegally acquired RFID reader, PHP 5,000.00 per unit or with forfeiture of
equipment.
Non-registration of imported RFID readers within five (5) days from release from the Bureau
of Customs, PHP 1,000.00 per unit
Selling of RFID proximity readers by non-NTC accredited radio dealers/manufacturers, PHP
5,000.00 per reader, PHP 1,000.00 per 1,000 tags.
Operating RFID proximity reader without valid registration, PHP 5,000 per reader
Specifications Cable Type Max Length (m)
10BaseT Unshielded Twisted Pair 100
10Base2 Thin Coax Cable 180
10Base5 Thick Coax Cable 500
10BaseF Fiber optic cable 2000
100BaseT Unshielded Twisted Pair 100
100BaseTX Unshielded Twisted Pair 220
WI-FI
peak operating speed of around 54 Mbps
802.11a – wireless network bearer operating in the 5Ghz ISM band with data rate up
to 54 Mbps (orthogonal frequency division multiplex)
802.11b – wireless network bearer operating in the 2.4Ghz ISM band with data rate
up to 11Mbps (direct sequence spread spectrum)
802.11e – quality of service and prioritization
802.11f – handover
802.11g – wireless network bearer operating in the 2.4 Ghz ISM band with data
rates up to 54Mbps
802.11h – power control
802.11i – authentication and encryption
802.11j – internetworking
802.11k – measurement reporting
802.11n – stream multiplexing
802.11s – mesh networking
Of these standards, the most widely known are the network bearer standards, 802.11a,
802.11b, and 802.11g
The range of WIFI is limited to around 50 meters.
BLUETOOTH
-721kbps, 3 channels
-communications to be established between devices up to a max distance of 100 meters
-running in the 2.4Ghz ISM band, Bluetooth employs frequency hopping techniques with the
carrier modulated using Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK)
-The standard uses a hopping rate of 1600 hops per second. These are spread over 79
fixed frequencies and they are chosen in a pseudo-random sequence. The fixed
frequencies occur at 2400 + n MHz where the value of n varies from 1 to 79. These gives
frequencies of 2402, 2404… 2480 MHz. In some countries, the ISM band allocation does
not allow the full range of frequencies to be used. In France, Japan and Spain, the hop
sequences has to be restricted to only 23 frequencies because of the ISM band allocation is
smaller.
-For correct operation, the level of BT is set to 0.5 and the modulation index must be
between 0.28 and 0.35.
-Power class 1 is designed for long range communications up to about 100m devices, and
this has a maximum output power of 20dBm, next is Power Class 2 which is used for what
are termed for ordinary range devices with a range up to about 10, with a max output power
of 4dBm. Finally, there is Power Class 3 for short range devices. This support
communication only to about 10 cm and it has a max output power of 0dBm.
-The transmitted initial center frequency must be within ±75Khz from the receiver center
frequency.
-There are two ways in which data is transferred. The first is by using what is termed as
Asynchronous Connectionless Communications Link (ACL) 732.2 bits/sec asymmetric
mode. When a symmetrical mode is needed with data transferred at the same rate in both
directions, the data transfer rate falls to 433.9 kbits/sec. This is used for file and data
transfers. A second method is termed a Synchronous Connection-orientated
Communications Link (SCL) 64 kbits/sec. This is used for applications such as digital audio.
WIMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
-IEEE 802.16 standard
-point to multi-point broadband technology
-75 Mbps uplink/downlink
-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM). It is the fact that WiMax uses OFDM that
enables it to occupy a wide bandwidth and carry the very high data rates. OFDM uses a
large number of close spaced carriers, each modulated with a fraction of the data payload.
The carriers are orthogonal to each other and in this way they do not interfere with each
other.
-uses frequencies in the range 10to 66GHz (LOS)
-max ranges up to 31 miles
-WiMax can transmit data up to a distance of 48km
UWB (ultra wideband)
-FCC has mandated that the UWB transmission can legally operate in the range 3.1Ghz up
to 10.6Ghz at a limited power of -41dBm/Mhz
-bandwidth of at least 500MHz, as well as having a bandwidth of at least 20% of the center
frequency
NFC (near field communications)
-NFC technology operated by using magnetic field induction. It also operates within the
globally available and unregulated 13.56 Mhz frequency band. However, with a maximum
operating distance of around 10 cm it is unlikely to cause interference to other uses.
-The data transfer rate may either be 106, 212 or 424 kbps and there is probability of higher
data rather later.
-There are also two modes of operation, namely one way (passive) or two way (active).
DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication)
-developed by members of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in
1992
-operates in the band 1880 - 1900Mhz
-The basic frequency plan provides for ten channels within this band.
-GFSK
-BT of 0.5
-The system uses dynamic channel allocation and is thereby able to reduce the levels of
interference.
-The DECT radio interface employs a number of techniques in its access methodology. The
scheme uses Multi-carrier, Time Division Multiple Access, Time Division Duplex
(MC/TDMA/TDD).
-The basic DECT system has a total of 10 possible carrier frequencies between 1880 and
1900 Mhz, i.e. it is a multi-carrier (MC) system.
-In addition to this the time dimensions for each carrier is divided to provide timeframes
repeating every 10ms. Each frame consists of 24 timeslots, each of which is individually
accessibly and may be sued for either transmission or reception. For the basic DECT
speech service 2 timeslots – with 5 ms separation – are paired to provide bearer capacity
for typically 32kbps (ADPCM G.726 coded speech) full duplex connection.
-The DECT TDMA structure enables up to 12 simultaneous basic voice connections per
transceiver.
-DECT standard defines a maximum data rate of 552 kbps with full security.
Parameter Specification:
Frequency Band – 1880 to 1900 MHz
Access technique – MC/TDMA/TDD Symbol rate 1152 k symbols/s
Carrier spacing – 1728 KHz
Frame duration – 10ms
Access channels/RF carrier – 12 duplex 32 kbits/channel
Traffic channels/single radio – TRX 12
Traffic Channel assignment – instant dynamic
Control carriers – not required
Modulation – GFSK (BT=0.5) and optional higher level modulation schemes possible
LO Stability – 25 ppm
Portable average RF power – 10mW
Portable peak RF power – 240mW 24dBm
Speech codec – 32 kbits/s ADPCM
Base station sensitivity at 0.1% BER - -86dBm(for GAP) (typically -90dBm to -94dBm)
Basic link budget – 110 dBm (typ. 114 dBm to 118 dBm)
Protected 64kbits/s bearer service – yes
Base station antenna – diversity switched, post detection selection - optional
Dual antennas in handset- optional
Tolerance to time dispersion with selection antenna diversity – 200ns (500ns possible with
low-cost non-coherent equalizer)
Notes 9: Communications Coaching Materials: Section 1 Module 9
1. 3 dB – signal level that must be kept within 6 MHz
2. 12 dB – other than 6 MHz
3. 12 dB – within the next 24 hours
4. 46 dB – visual signal level over RMS interference
5. 28 dB – minimum terminal match
6. 18 dB – front-back ratio
7. 16 dB – RF output terminal match
8. 13 - 17 dB – level of attenuation of aural signal with respect to the video signal
9. 80 dB – In CATV, cross modulation of trunk amplifiers
10. 60 dB – In CATV, spurious signal rejection
11. 40 dB – In CATV, sound section isolation
12. Positive – carrier shift due to insufficient grid excitation; grid modulation
13. Negative – carrier shift due to insufficient grid excitation; high level
14. Trailing wire – submarine wire
15. 1.35 cm to 1.7 mm – wavelengths where water vapor molecule absorption peaks
16. 5 mm to 2.5 mm – wavelengths where oxygen molecule absorption peaks
17. 1520 m/s – speed of sound in water at 25oC
18. Intelsat – 21 satellites
19. Buncher – velocity modulates the beam
20. Antonio Meucci – “first inventor” of telephone
21. 1.5 ms – line turn around
22. 300 – 2000 nm – sunlight wavelength
23. 500 nm – peak sunlight wavelength
24. Patch antenna – antenna that uses microstrips
25. 19.39 Mbps – data rate of a 6MHz terrestrial TV
26. 27 Mbps – data rate of a 6MHz CaTV
27. Acoustician – practitioner of acoustics
28. ¼ mile absolute and 100 feet relative – precision Loran C/D
29. 460 m – accuracy of LORAN C
30. MLS – no global coverage
31. Between Channels 6 and 7 and above Channel 13 – used in CATV
32. Video Preamplifier – not tuned to the 3.58MHz signal
33. Noncomposite signal – video signal without sync signal
34. 1:1.38 – minimum VSWR for CATV
35. 42H – blanked during vertical retrace
36. Hash – short bit sequence sent typically 128bits in digital signatures
37. Public key encryption – encryption of data is most commonly achieved through
38. Private key encryption – enables decryption of Public key encrypted data
39. 8 kbps – Speech coding rate of D-AMPS
40. 7:8 – principal musical interval considered as dissonant
41. LEO satellites – 200 satellites
42. 100 Base Tx – Ethernet Standard 3-Level Manchester
43. 20 mins – maximum daily exposure in minutes for a loudness level between 100 –110
dB
44. 10 milliroentgens – 30 cm
45. 0.5 milliroentgens – 5 cm
46. 10 cm – area with no dimensions rather than 5cm
47. 1.6 s - 1.8 s – reverberation time for an auditorium
48. 1.4 -3.4 s - reverberation time for a church
49. 120 dB – threshold of pain
50. 4 MHz – approximate critical frequency of E layer
51. 8 MHz – approximate critical frequency of F2 layer
52. 20 phons – typical loudness level of watch ticking
53. 3100 kHz – carrier frequency of supergroup 10
54. 3300 m/s – velocity of sound in wood
55. NTC Commissioner – Gamaliel Ala lang. Cordoba
56. V.32 – full-duplex transmission over two-wire at 9,600bps
57. V.90 – 56,000 bps
58. Physical dimensions – affects resonant frequency of a Gunn diode
59. 150 uV – minimum input to a preamplifier
60. 5150 m/s – speed of sound in steel
61. 10-12 W/m2 – threshold of audibility
62. 6 months - average lead time to install a new base station is approximately ____ to a
year.
63. Distance-to-reuse ratio – geographic distance required between calls using identical
frequencies in order to avoid interference
64. Cochannel Interference Reduction Factor (CIRF) – ratio of the separation distance
between cochannel cell to the cell radius
65. 4130 km – single-hop nighttime range for F2 layer
66. ±12 kHz – maximum frequency deviation for cellular radio
67. Transmission loss – amount of sound reduction provided by a barrier - wall, floor or
ceiling
68. 6 to 10 dB – sound level most commonly perceived by people
69. 4 – number of octaves of a basic voice band
70. 10 – number of octaves of human hearing
71. Rhythm – sonic time pattern
72. RG-62A/U – impedance of 93Ω
73. Twin-lead – velocity factor of about 0.8
74. 0.9 – velocity factor of open-wire line
75. 100 m – Ethernet system 10 Base T restriction
76. Cognitive – information related to mental processes of knowledge, reasoning,
judgment, and perception
77. Delay line – transmission line used specifically for the purpose of achieving delay
78. Ephemeris – location of a celestial body in space
79. TTC – monitors onboard conditions such as temperature and battery voltage
80. 4 MHz – guardband between transponder channels
81. Helmholtz resonator – efficient absorption is only possible over a very narrow band
approaching 1.0
82. Erlang B – calls not immediately satisfied at first attempt are cleared and do not
reappear during the testing period
83. Erlang C – held in the system until satisfied
84. Poisson – held in the system until satisfied or abandoned
85. EO 196 – use of Philippine Communications Satellite
86. EO 467 – operation and use of international satellite communications
87. EO 109 – improve the provision of local exchange carrier service
88. EO 59 – compulsory interconnection of authorized public communications carrier
89. Glass – fiber optic with the least loss
90. 2860 W – input to a 2 kW transmitter
5 The trouble when the color oscillator does not oscillate No color
7 The beat frequency between the 3.58 MHz subcarrier and 0.92 MHz
the 4.5 MHz sound signal
23 When was the first mobile phone introduced Oct 13, 1983
33 In fiber optics, when electromagnetic waves scatter and are MIE scattering
about equal or more than its wavelength
35 What is a launched satellite that does not stay in the gravity Space probe
of the earth and wanders in space
42 When you get the code of a mobile & illegally use it in Clone fraud
another mobile to make calls
43 Why is sidetone necessary? For the user to know if
the telephone is
working
48 3G (?) 2001
61 A kind of INS where in the sensor is mounted on the face of Strap-down transducer
the ship for direction
63 2 ships that sank leading to the creation of (INS?) Republic and Titanic
64 Computer network Server-client, Peer-to-
peer
67 What do you think is the main disadvantage of grid-over plate Lower power
modulation efficiency, difficult to
adjust
69 What refers to a telephone that rings another phone without Hot line
dialing
71 What do you call the range over… the reference frequency Capture range
can be… and still achieve phase lock?
73 What is the main advantage of fiber optic cables made of Inexpensive and more
plastic? flexible
74 What LAN topology is used by the classical Ethernet system BUS topology
80 What filter may be connected between CB transmitter and its Low Pass Filter
antenna?
84 What are pulses that retain their shapes as they pass Solitons
through optical fibers?
86 What refers to the series of tones that sound good when Musical scale
used
87 A TV receiver design that uses mixing between the picture Intercarrier sound
and sound carriers to generate the sound IF. What do you
call this sound?
90 A 100 Mbps LAN signaling standard intended for use in fiber Fiber Distribution Data
optics but also used with coaxial cables Interference (FDDI)
91 In IMT 2000, what does 2000 refer to? Both the implementing
date (year 2000) and
operating frequency
(2000 MHz)
92 A system that allows users to access documents from widely World Wide Web
separated sources on the internet using a common interface
94 What is the reason why point contact and Schottky or hot They have low
carrier diodes are widely used as mixers in microwave capacitance and
equipment inductance
95 What do you call the area that lies between the outer limit of Skip Zone
the ground wave range and the inner edge of energy
returned form the ionosphere?
100 In TV, special effects and production switching are done by Special Effects Groups
the (SEG)
102 A point on a line between the earth’s center and an observer Nadir
located farther from the earth’s center than the point is called
103 What is the noise reduction effect that occurs with strong FM Threshold effect
signals
106 What waveguide-like device that acts like a high Q parallel Cavity resonator
resonant circuit?
109 For an angle of incidence equal to the critical angle, the light Along the normal
will be refracted
110 If a rocket contains more than one satellite, the smaller Secondary payload
satellite that will be launched after the main satellite is called
111 What do you call an interval which … integer ratio or a whole Octave interval
fraction ratio?
114 In communications system, the total system noise in the Background noise
absence of information transmission is called
115 The average voltage value of the 3.58 MHz modulated The brightness of the
chrominance signal in TV receiver is___ color
116 In TV system, which signal has information for 1.3 MHZ I signal
bandwidth?
117 A lens has an 8-cm focal length and a 4-cm diameter. What 2
is its F rating?
118 How much more feed point impedance does a folded dipole 4 times
have than a normal dipole?
119 The electronic serial number (ESN) assigned to the mobile 32 bits
phone at the factory consists of _____
120 How many scanning lines does a standard NTSC have? 525 lines
121 Solid state neodymium can generate high power at 1.3 micro seconds
122 A radar mile is the time required for a radar pulse to travel 1 12.4 micro seconds
mile to an object and return to the receiver. 1 radar nautical
mile is equivalent to ____ microseconds
123 How long does a repeater transmit a mobile signal drop out? 1-5 seconds
127 In CATV, what is the noise figure for mid, high and super 6 dB or better
band channels?
128 In CATV system, what is the noise figure for sub and 10- 5 dB or better
band channels?
129 What is the maximum height above average terrain for a 500 ft
class B FM station?
131 LEO satellites orbit the earth at an altitude less than how 1500 km
many kilometers?
132 What is the end impedance of a half wave dipole 2500 ohms
133 What is the typical loudness level of a watch ticking 120 Phons
135 What is the maximum deviation of cellular radios that use ±12 kHz
FM?
136 What is the frequency used to signal handoffs to another cell 10 kHz
and the termination of the cell in cellular communications?
140 In general, what frequency range does a troposcatter wave 350 MHz to 10 GHz
propagation will be effective?
141 What would be the bandwidth of … filter for voice and SSB 3 kHz
142 What is the conduction angle of Class C amplifier? Less than 180 degrees
144 What protocol is very poplar system for defining and x.25
switching data packets on computer networks?
145 When was the first commercial system operated? October 13, 1983
146 What class of mobile phone has a maximum power level Class 3 (portable
specified as effective radiated power (ERP) of -2 dBW (600 phone)
mW)
147 What class of mobile phone has a maximum power level Class 2
specified as effective radiated power (ERP) of 1.68W
148 What class of mobile phone has a maximum power level Class 1
specified as effective radiated power (ERP) of 3W
A satellite was launched with a speed of 25000 miles per hour and… Space probe
breaks away with the gravitational pull of the earth and not in
orbit…deep space?
The mandatory 1910 to 1912 ship-to-shore communication were Republic and Titanic
established by US, Great Britain… as a result of the sinking of two
famous ships, What are these two ships?
Carrier frequency for CATV above the lower frequency limit 1.25Mhz + 25kHz
Subatomic particle that has no rest mass and travels in speed of light neutrino
What is the reason why splices are better than connectors because splices have
no air gaps
leading p.f. the armature flux in an alternator ___ the rotor flux aids
The secret code w/c secures and defends sensitive information that electronic key
crosses over public channels…
What is the disadvantage of conventional full wave rectifier…? peak voltage is half of
that half wave rectifier
…op-amps with negative feedback, reduced voltage works as a ___ linear amplifier
what part of the visible radio spectrum does camera tube has greater yellow green
output?
pair of metals used as good electrodes in wet cell battery zinc and copper
instrument w/c uses magnetic field from fixed and moving coils to electrodynamometer
measure voltage, current and power
bytes w/c computer will calculate in 2050 according to Moore's law 500 Trillion
process used to prevent the meter needle to overshoot the current damping
reading
metal semiconductor junction made of aluminum and n-type silicon schottky diode
purpose of adding inductor to the amplifier high frequency
compensation
irregular termination of call to the total number of call drop call rate
electric shock and electric therapy will pass current to what part of brain
the body
Time Division Duplexing (TDD) is the transmission signal format be portable payphone
cordless telephone-2 (CT) dubbed as ___ booth
what is a popular fiber optic cable, with glass core and plastic Plastic Clad Silica
cladding (PCS)
What element is MOSFET isolated from the channel material? gate terminal
what circuit can be active or passive (w/ capacitor, resistor, and balanced circuit
inductor)
motor connected in parallel will share the load according to ___ motor rating
electron is a subatomic particle belongs to the lepton family has a 9.1066x10 -28 grams
rest mass of ___
After the effectivity of RA9292, for registered ECE may apply for 7
PECE at least how many years?
selective signalling where low frequency trigger the squelch circuit continuous tone
control
having one modem per computer and individual phone lines for each modem pool
5% In order to maintain a loss less than 0.3 dB, the displacement of the fibers
must be less than ____
30% CDMA system provides capacity of ____ greater than TDMA system
3.3 In 16:9 HDTV, the optimal viewing distance is ____ times the picture height
163 Number of countries that are members of ISO out of 203 countries
802.14 TV
1992 GSM900
1993 In what year did Bluetooth SIG complete Bluetooth Core Specification 4.0
1993 CIDR
1996 GSM1900
65535 Unicode
‐62°C Stratosphere
>23 db across
the channel
1.2 dB L to X
1/2 of the
original rate
1/4 λ High voltage, minimum current, voltage is equal to zero at the center when
____ λ
1/8 spacing
10 m Ultrawide band (UWB) operating at 3.1 to 10.6 GHz in 110 Mbps can operate
at what distance?
10 times less How many repeater needed for coax to have the same performance fiber
optic
100 THz Past 10 years fiber optics is said to have what theoretical bandwidth
1000baseT Which Gigabit Ethernet can support data rate up to 1000 Mbps?
100‐200 kHz Low frequency Loran is modified as standard Loran operating at _______
kHz
10base5 10Mbps
1633Hz
150 km In fiber transmission, using a… source the speed is 1Gbps with the distance
of 15 km to ____.
20 degrees The maximum vertical angle of rhombic antenna use in long distance sky
wave for high frequencies.
256 ‐ 400 Mbps Satellite dish, size of a pizza placed on a roof receive signal at what rate
3 km Minicells
30 ‐ 60 IF frequency
30 km Macrocells
300 lb. Lashed aerial cable maximum tensile load na hindi sya masisira
3‐6 m Wave antenna is a long wire antenna designed for low frequency, vertically
polarized ground wave. It is supported by a single wire ____ above the
ground.
downstream
45 Mbps T3
480 Mbps Wireless USB (WUSB) is a short range, high bandwidth wireless radio
communication protocol capable of sending on what speed?
50 m Accuracy of TCN
50 nm Diameter of nanofiber
500‐1000 pF
50‐860 MHz
6000 ft.
62.5 ± 3 µm Multimode glass optical fiber core diameter
Acoustic The amount of power radiated in an area, may "time derivative" sa tanong
Inertance
Acoustic Sound power radiated by the surface per unit surface area
Radiosity
Acoustic Sink A device that absorbs the amount of acoustic power and acoustic energy
AEROSAT Provides Air Traffic Control (ATC), standard set by STC for aircraft to travel
above ocean
After 2 seconds Caller ID is a feature of a telephone set which allows user to know the
of the ringing number of the caller even before answering the call. Caller ID is sent ____.
duration
ANSI/IEEE Protection ….
C.95.1‐1991
Application File transfer, remote access, shared data‐based management and mail
Layer services
Bleeding Edge technology Refers to technology that is so new that it could have a high risk
of being unreliable and may occur greater expense in order to
use it
picture
Bucky Factor Which expresses the exposure (i.e. the mAs) increase required
because of X-ray absorption by the grid materials.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Primary technology used for modern fiber manufacturing
Class 1 Direct to TV
Class I Cable TV Channel A signaling path provided by a cable television system to relay
to subscriber terminals television broadcast programs that are
received off‐the‐air or are obtained by microwave or by direct
connection to a television broadcast station
Class II Cable TV Channel A signaling path provided by a cable television system to deliver
to subscriber terminals television signals that are
Class III Cable TV Channel A signaling path provided by a cable television system to deliver
to subscriber terminal signals that are intended
Convolutional Code type of error-correcting code that generates parity symbols via
the sliding application of a Boolean polynomial function to a
data stream.
Date Time Group date and time, expressed in digits and zone suffixes
EIA/TIA 455‐167 Standard for measurement of the Mode Field Diameter (MDF)
of a single mode fiber.
EIA/TIA 526‐7 Radiation loss of optical fiber (single mode) is measured ____.
ENTROPY ENCODING Variable length loss ‐ less coding that reduce redundancy
Error between nodes Error that can be detected by Data Link Layer
Frame‐based MPEG 2
Ge PIN Diode PIN diode is important in detecting light in fiber optic system. It is a PIN
diode with notoriously high leakage current.
Graded index fiber Optical fiber whose core has a refractive index that decreases gradually
with increasing radial distance from the fiber
Heavy metal It is a fiber optic material that is used in manufacturing low loss and
flouride long wavelength.
IEC "electrotechnology"
Electrotechnical
Commission)
Infrared Transmitter transmitter that emits energy in the infrared spectrum
InGaAsP Diode PIN diode is important in detecting light in fiber optic system. A PIN
diode that is use in 900 nm and when the responsivity requirement is
high. Dopant that achieve bandwidth.
Interface
It is fast ATM speed Not true about fast user network interface (FUNI)
JPEG 24‐bit
Leaky Wave Wideband microwave antenna that radiates in a narrow beam whose
antenna direction varies with voltage, perforated waveguide
procedures
Long Duration Key property of OFDM that makes attractive to terrestrial broadcasting
Symbol
Interferometer
Metal Hallide Are oxidized to form a white silica powder called soot.
compounds,
MPEG 1 What video standard deals with low data rate video such as are often
found in CD‐ROMs, and on the internet?
MPEG 4 The current digital video specification that used video compression
Nanofiber Silica Waveguides where the diameter is smaller than the transmitted
light.
Near field Short range communication for devices within 10cm to 4in
communication
Mismatch
of the
Open Shortest A routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state
Path First (OSPF) routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols,
Protocol operating within a single autonomous system (AS).
Overwritten every In avionics, "black box" is used in navigation for recording purposes.
30 Black box is ____.
minutes
Parallelor Flash A/D conversion use in high‐speed application such as video signal
A/D processing, medical imaging and radar detection system.
conversion
Port Operations
System
picture
Reflective Star It is the enlarge section of fiber with numerous… on the other end
Coupler mirrored surface and reflective mechanism on the other end.
Solitons Single pulses that can travel through a medium with no dispersion
Sporadic E Form of propagation that can arise with little warning, and enable
radio frequencies of 150 MHz and more to travel over distances of
a thousand kilometers and more.
Step Index fiber Optical fiber whose core has a uniform refractive index,
continuous, does not change
connector
Sudden Layer D
IonosphericDisturbance
(SID)
Superluminiscent diode A lead use in fiber optic communications with the following
disadvantages: nonlinear power current characteristics, high
temperature sensitivity, and low reliability.
Supernet Combinations of two or more networks
(Diode?)
Terminal room Associated with a central office where distribution frames and relay
switch are located
time
To detect the Doppler In Doppler radar, there should exist a relationship between the
shift of the receive transmitted frequency and reference frequency.
signal
What is the purpose of this relationship?
Trombone When the called party is in the different home network and another
caller from one country …
Trunking Gain The more channels on the pool, the greater the efficiency
User datagram protocol Send and receive datagram and use in broadcasting in a network
V. 29 and V.32 In telephone system, which of the following have the same bit
rate?
V.41 Complete definition of ARQ
X 3.28 ADCCP
X.121 DNIC
E-1 32 samples
T-1 24 samples
waveguide cobrasi
21 satellites Telstar
v22 1200kbps
v32 9.6kbps
v34 33.6
v90 56Kbps
.4 -.8 microns
dolby 1992
tv watching distance 4 - 8 times height
3g stationary 2mbps
vehicular 3g 144kbps
Bluetooth 723kbps
curie 3.7x10 to
properties gibbs
volume azamat
CATV 205
ip length 65535
d2 SMPT 244
cassegrain elliptical
pillbox sandwich
do 88 3W fm
do 88 1W am
ATM 53 byte
vertical lines 42
laser 2nm
led 30nm
weld interval 5
squeeze 1 sec
hold 1 sec
weld 1 ~ 10 sec
scara 4 dof
no of mastergroup in jumbogroup 6
telephony c weighted
commercial 18mins
news 30mins
lightweight 100N
high end D1
stacked collinear antenna.. half wave dipoles spaced 1/2 broadside array
wavelengths
height of GPS
IF
AM 455khz
FM 10.7mhz
video 45.25mhz
sound 41.25mhz
radar 30mhz
18 How much farther does the radio path horizon distance Increases by about 15% of
exceeds the geometric horizon? the length
22 Why is nitrogen gas sometimes used in waveguide? to keep the waveguide dry
23 Need for pressurizing cable with dry air to prevent internal arcing
27 Telephone 13 kbps
32 IBM 83B
39 Class D AM 12 Midnight to 5 AM
41 What is the typical speech coding rate used for GSM? 13 kbps
42 D-AMPS 8 kbps
45 2.5:1
52 Quality Contrast
53 To couple energy into and out of a waveguide use thin piece of wire as an
antenna
59 Primetime block of TV 6 PM to 11 PM
60 Determine from the following radio frequency that falls 235.50 MHz
under the very high frequency band of radio spectrum
71 Capacitor Capacitor
93 What antennas are suitable for direct connection to a Horn and slot antenna
waveguide?
94 What factors determines the EIRP required by a station in Satellite antennas and
each operation? height, Satellitereceiver
sensitivity
99 The bending of radio waves passing over the top of a knife-edge diffraction
mountain range that disperses a weak portion of the
signal behind the mountain is
107 Why concentric transmission lines sometimes field with keep moisture out and
nitrogen? prevent oxidation
111 The ratio between energy absorbed to the total energy absorption coefficient
received
112 The higher the gauge number the higher the resistance,
smaller thediameter
121 One half of the spacing between the start positions for exact interlacing
scanning even and odd fields
133 What is the propagation effect called when phase selective fading
differences between radio wave components of the
same transmission are experienced at the recovery
station?
134 occurs when the refractive index of the air decreases superrefraction
with height much more rapidly than normal
140 highest frequency that will be returned down to earth critical frequency
141 best frequency used that will be returned down to earth optimum usable frequency
142 E layer 4 MHz
144 gyniometer
145 what emission modes suffer the most from selective FM and double sideband AM
fading?
149 What happens to a radio wave as it travels in space and Kinetic energy is given up
collides with other particles? by the radiowave
150 What is the maximum range for signals using About 5,000 miles
transequatorial propagation?
153 What is the best time of day for transequatorial Afternoon or early evening
propagation?
156 Skip distance can be maximized by using the ____ lowest, highest
radiation angle possible and the _____ frequency that
will be refracted at that angle
157 To obtain the most reliable sky wave propagation the Optimum useable frequency
___________should be used (OUF)
158 Troposcatter is a method of sky wave propagation for 300 MHz to 3 GHz
which of the following frequency
bands?
159 What is the major cause of selective fading? Phase differences between
radio wavecomponents of
the same transmission,
as experienced at the
receiving station
160 A means of beyond the line of sight propagation of UHF Troposcatter propagation
signals
161 Which of the following is most affected by knife edge VHF and UHF frequencies
refraction?
163 The ionosphere has its greatest effect on signals in what 3 to 30 MHz
frequency range?
169 Neglecting line losses, the RMS voltage along an RF Is the product of the surge
transmission line having no standing waves impedance and the line
current
172 A grid dip meter measures the resonant frequency of without power being applied
tuned circuit to the tuned circuits
174 With similar size, which has the greatest gain? Parabolic
179 When a capacitor is connected in series with a Marconi antenna resonant frequency
antenna increases
187 What is the first letter in the ITU emission designation? type of modulation of the
main carrier
190 NTT
1 What is the distance of density diminishes per gravity Inverse square law
distance?
2 sensitivity IF amplifier
8 What is the highest frequency that can be sent straight upward critical frequency
and return?
11 What is the input impedance of a quarter wave length shorted Maximum impedance
stub?
28 Is the process by which a customer maybe accepted with the type acceptance
absence of establish interference standards that corresponds
to the specifications
33 In radio communication the term trap antenna is referred to Antenna which can be
used more than 1 band
one of the following statements due to the use of power
in LC networks
34 The current maximum in a marconni antenna is found at ____ The base of the antenna
36 A computer terminal that will program the perform function Intelligent terminal
45 Which modulation methods are the most widely used? Intensity modulation
with
polarization modulation
46 If the diameter of conductors are two wire Transmission Line Decrease the
impedance
51 Every time the telephone is answered the handset is of the _ On hook state
state
52 Most fiber optic light sources emit light in which spectrum infrared
53 Lightning rods mounted at top of structure 30cm
60 The most commonly used filter SSB generators uses ____ crystals
65 mush
70 Term that refers to the numerical range which relates the Antenna Gain
performance of one antenna to theoretical antenna
3 What is the term used for an equivalent resistance that would radiation resistance
dissipate the same amount?
7 Which of the following antennas receives signals from all vertical marconni
direction in horizontal plane? antenna
17 According to the nyquist theory the sampling rate is _____ twice the highest
frequency
27 A half wave antenna operates at very high efficiency ____ because the conductor
resistance is
low compared to the
radiation resistance
33 What for the ratio of radiation resistance to the total antenna efficiency
resistance?
86 A type of array which contains of 1 half wave dipole, 1 reflector Yagi uda
and 1 director
88 What do you call the incident light that have different refractive reflection
indeces?
89 What is the standard test tone used for audio measurements? 1000 Hz
12 highest layer F2
20 a radio frequency in the UHF band of the radio spectrum 0.31250 GHz
24 an analog video signal that carries the video data as two S-Video
separate signals (brightness and color) is called
25 a satellite beam that covers almost 42.4% of earth’s surface global beam
30 medium used by IBM token ring network that operates at twisted pair
either 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps
40 capture effect FM
51 VLF waves are used for some types of services because they are very reliable
53 Companding correlation
59 electric field that lies in a plane parallel to the surface of the horizontal polarization
earth
85 if the transmitter power remains constant, an increase in the lengthen the skip
frequency of the sky wave will distance
86 a light ray enters one medium from another along the dependent on the
normal. The angle of refraction is indexes of refraction
92 IS-95 9.6kbps
93 satellite speed increases and its height in orbits gets ____ lower
101 designated as the international distress, safety and calling 156.8 MHz
frequency for radio telephony for stations of the maritime
mobile service when using frequencies in the authorized
bands between 156 and 174 MHz
# Questions Answers
6 8 bits
7 where maximum current and minimum voltage values on center of the antenna
a resonant Hertz dipole exist
13 the modulation technique used by GSM cellular system Gaussian Minimum Shift
Keying
20 one of the first satellite system catering personal based Iridium system
communications services scheduled for operation
24 single booster installed on the antenna dish of satellite low noise amplifier
receiver
25 noise generated that primarily determines the signal-to- in the receiver front end
noise ratio in a VHF (150MHz) marine-band receiver
29 type of beam antenna which uses two or more straight Yagi Antenna
elements arranged in line with each other
36 frequency bands can be refracted during the day by the D both VLF and LF
layer
37 considered the most frequently used transmission line flexible coaxial line
58 the ability of a mobile phone to change from one channel Frequency agility
(frequency) to another
70 why are frequency modulation transmitters more efficient Because their power is
increased by class
C amplifiers
91 the cable type used in CCTV that has a maximum run- URM-70
length of 250 meters
95 bluetooth Piconet
13 How to prevent interference with the frequency of other use a dummy antenna
stations during testing
18 a room with great sound absorption and less reverberation dead room
time
49 at 41.000 MHz to 41. 005 MHz and a channel capacity of 41.00625 MHz
12.5kHz, what is the first center frequency
51 energy that neither radiated into space nor completely standing waves
transmitted
57 1 erlang 1 TU
67 Detect signals that is both vertically and horizontally polarized Orthomode transducer
simultaneously
69 the process that uses the orthogonality of sines and cosines Quadrature
that makes possible to transmit and receive to different signals multiplexing
simultaneously on the same carrier frequency
72 when light strikes a flat polished end of a fiber, the fiber loss antireflection coating
produced can be reduced by
73 Total elapsed time for the instant of initial transmission to the 12.36microseconds
reception of the echo in radar communication system
82 gain of 4 identically polarized antenna stacked one above the 6dB over the gain of
other one antenna
83 when played in piano or other instruments, note similar to the note A above middle C
pitch of 440 Hz is
95 ___ is a character signifies the start of the test for Bisync STX
97 In Ethernet, an 8-bit frame similar to that of a preamble which start of frame delimiter
last two bits are 1s
99 Type of emission used for radio telegraph and sidebands on Spark emission
the carrier
4 What is the baseband frequency for basic super group? 312 – 552 kHz
5 What is the most commonly used antenna for satellite? cassegrain antenna
6 At what speed do electromagnetic wave travel in free space about 300 million
meters per second
12 the shortest distance measured along the earth’s surface that skip distance
a sky wave is returned to earth
22 listing of the date and time of events, program etc malfunction log
and corrections in comm. Systems
26 The channel for cable TV range frequency 5.75 – 11.75 MHz T-1
35 A satellite stays in orbit because the following two factors are gravitational force and
balanced the centrifugal force
43 Distance near skip distance should be used for sky wave to prevent sky-wave
propagation and upper
ray interference
47 when a beam light enters one medium from another, a quality frequency
that never changes is its
48 a means of beyond the line of sight propagation of UHF troposcatter
signals propagation
52 AM type of emission A3
56 Using GSM for EDGE, the date transfer rate is _____kbps 384
61 local exchange area defined by the NTC that shares the same local exchange service
local exchange rates area
63 States the regulations on radio stations and communications Act no. 3846
75 Not an advantage of LEO satellites for wireless media it uses digital signaling
technique
89 The television picture tube magnetic field can be used for beam focusing and
beam deflection
97 9-10
98 Videotext
99 30
4 In FM fax, the frequency for black and white are ____ 1500 and 2300 Hz
respectively
7 A certification issued by the NTC for SRRS radio equipment Type Acceptance
complying to the SRRS technical standards and specifications, certification
where equipment has already been type approved by the
administration whose certification is acceptable and whose
process does not require laboratory testing
8 Using the TE mode, microwave power can only be transmitted the wide dimension is
in free rectangular guide provided greater than one-half
of the wavelength in
free space
10 Refers to the local exchange service area where the telephone urban
density is 1 per 100 inhabitants and shall be based on the
telephone density target from the approved National Telephone
Development Plan (NTDP), expressed as main station per 100
persons
23 What is the effect if the gain level being too high for signals Distortion and splatter
entering the modulator?
26 Infrared technology is used to implement wireless LANs as well 750 and 950 nm
as the wireless interface to connect laptops and other portable
machines to desktop computer equipped with an infrared
transceiver. What wavelength band is used by the typical
infrared LANs?
28 A mode that exists in fiber optics when the magnetic field is TM mode
perpendicular to the direction of propagation but there is a
small component of electric field in this direction
40 In an FM-phone signal, what is the term for the maximum Deviation ratio
deviation from the carrier frequency divided by the maximum
audio modulating frequency?
61 when in crowded or noisy place, it is better to use two ears Cocktail party
than covering one
68 channel 11 211.25
69 channel 44 651.25
80 in the IRR, radio transmitter in maritime general calling should Radio silence during
observe silent period
81 optical fiber range from approximately one times ten raised to 14, 15
__ to one times ten raised to __
83 form of single sideband emission when carrier are suppressed Reduced carrier
single band emission
86 channel 7 178.83
100 The OSI layer that manage traffic on the link Data link layer
4 Velocity that is the speed with which a constant phase is Group velocity
seen to be moving as a group
5 Dead Reckoning (DR) system used by helicopters Doppler Reference
Navigational System
17 Satellites that are newly launched have solar cells capable of 520
supplying ___ watts
25 The part of the ear that is auditory and has fluids cochlea
26 The pitch to density relationship is given by: the change in inversely proportional
frequency is ____ to the sqrt of change in
density
29 Interlacing used for pre-ISDN standard for basic rate access R interlace
for ISDN environment
31 What is the most appropriate description for an ILS system? An aeronautical radio
navigational system
that contains two
information related to
the runway
35 For a satellite in orbit, the two parameters must be balanced. Gravitational pull and
These are ___ inertia
41 What height of an ionized layer is determined from the time Virtual height
interval between the transmission signal and ionospheric
echo at vertical incidence?
44 Cause of slow rising white “hum bars” in the television Bad filter
47 The user tells all callers that the terminal is unavailable Absent-user service
68 When ½ of line scanning is used for scanning odd and even Exact interlacing
lines
69 If a mirror cannot be adjusted to view everything, one way to shorter focal length
overcome this is by changing to
84 According to Act 3486, the maximum penalty for a person P6000 & 6years
who commits three offenses are___
88 For sound carrier not to overlap with higher visual carrier, it 13-17 dB
must be attenuated by___
91 The part of EM wave that affects matter when it comes in electric field
contact
95 Frequency allocation
97 Solar cells are used for satellite power requirements. During Nicad
eclipse, ____ batteries are used as back-up
100 The part of a fax machine, which consists of rectilinear ribs, Writing Bar
determines the position of the scanning lines of record
medium
2 Bluetooth 802.15
7 Not 3G TD/CDMA
15 Commonly used has lesser number of bit than not commonly Huffman Code
used
20 Telephone current 20 – 80 mA
22 WIFI 802.11b
36 Facsimile Photodetector
37 Fiber optic light source with narrow emission ILD (Injection Laser
Diodes)
38 Naturalness 80 – 8000 Hz
52 Mobile phones with GPRS and GSM functions but manually Class C
interchanged
57 3GSM 3GPP
94 Depends on the direction of magnetic field not on its magnitude Alfven wave
100 Pulse “Blanked” out and is invisible in the receiver blanking pulse
2 The band of frequencies allocated to cable television relay 12.17 to 13.20 Ghz
services by the NTC by
5 As specified by the NTC, each Voip service resellers must post a Php 1,000,000
performance bond in the amount of _____ to guarantee the
delivery of VOIP service to the public
6 What section RA 7925 states that Value Added Services (vas) Section 11
providers are exempted from securing from the Philippine
legislature as long as they don’t set up their own network
11 For FM stations outside Metro Manila, what is the primetime 6:00 am to 8:00pm
block
14 Fast token ring, also called as high speed token ring uses the 100
standard token ring topology, protocols, and media access
control but runs at ___ Mbps
16 In what year did ITU-T adopted v.42 recommendation for error 1988
detection modems
17 All modem standards has maximum symbol rate of 2400 except v.34
26 CCIR study group responsible for fixed satellite services Study group 4
27 CCITT structure has a numbers of study groups that provides the Study group 17
networks classification or specialization for developing the
recommendations
28 CCITT study group responsible for the definition and operational Study group 1
aspect of telegraph and user services
29 CIRR study group dealing with particular aspect of radio Study group 11
communications
30 Ds-1 signal consist of ____ channels in multiplexed 24
33 Another name for IP switches can message based on their Layer 3switches
network layer address
34 ___- can understand several different network layer protocols Multiprotocol router
35 Connects network with different data link protocols and simply Encapsulating bridge
surround a packet using one protocol
36 Type of switches examines the destination of the incoming packet Cut through switches
and immediately connecting the port with the incoming message
to the correct outgoing port
42 Atm class of service means that the data transmission rate in the VBR-RT
circuit will vary and that the application is tolerant of delays
43 Atm class of service means that the data transmission rate in the VBR-NRT
circuit will vary but that all cells received must be switched
immediately upon arrival
44 Fiber optic able is much lighter weighing less than __ pounds per 10
1000 feet
45 Cable modems use in tv system and provide data rates 3 and 50 Mbps
46 Impedance of RG 11 cable 75
47 Minimum run length of RG 11 700 meters
48 Impedance of RG-58/U 50
50 Impedance of RG-59 75
62 Camera housing index of IP, protection against dirt and dust only IP50
65 Technology where hard disk are grouped into arrays to provide RAID technology
enormous storage
67 For video signals, noise figure less than ___ will result to 40 db
unacceptable amounts of noise
68 S-VHS 400
69 VHS 240
71 If the code word is only 4 bits for a T1 system with a frame of 193 48
bits, how many channels can be transmitted?
77 Noise generated by TDM carrier is ____ that generated analog Much less than
carrier system
1. ATM used for video, voice and distance learning application where time is important
Constant bit rate
2. ATM service used where no service guarantees are required (email and file transfer)
Unspecified bit rate
3. ATM used for applications that require data transfer and distributed file service
Available Bit rate
4. ATM used for applications having end systems that can recover from variable traffic
rats and small cell losses
Real-time Variable Bit Rate
5. Transferred electron bulk occurs in
Gallium Arsenide
6. Tropospheric scatter
UHF
7. IRIDUIM satellite network has how many spot beams?
48
8. Booth for TV observers (sponsors and VIPs)
Fish bowl
9. Frames per second in the US TV system
30
10. Intercarrier frequency in US color TV system
4.5 MHz
11. Number of lines per field in the US TV system
262.5 MHz
12. Lines per second in US TV system
15 750
13. Channel width in US TV system
6 MHz
14. Sets the standard for the computer languages, electrical specifications, communication
protocol, etc.
ANSI
15. Threshold current of laser
50 mA
16. International standard for optical connector and all the test standards
IEC
17. What IEC laser classification is very dangerous that even reflections are hazardous and
the direct beam can cause fires and skin injury?
Class 4
18. What IEC laser classification where visible lasers with output within the visible spectrum
of 400 to 700 nm can be found?
Class 2
19. Normal operating current of lasers used in FO
70 mA
20. Frames shorter than 64 bytes, invalid for Ethernet network
Runts
21. VF channel passband
0 – 4000 Hz
22. Electronic equipment that connects the downlink to the receiving site
Final mile or last mile
23. Electronic equipment that connects point of origin to the uplink
First mile
24. Asynchronous transmission has low-speed transmission less than ____kbps.
2.4
25. Nominal value of the dial pulse break interval in millisecond in the US is
60
26. To separate channels in TDM
AND gate
27. Difference between sound carrier and color subcarrier frequency
0.92 MHz
28. PIN diode
Microwave switch
29. In ISDN, what H-channel is designed for a variety of user-information functions,
including enhanced video, compressed high definition television and telecasting?
H4-channel
30. In ISDN, how many more times is the speed of the H-O channel compared to the B-
channel rate?
6
31. Category of ISDN digital services supports transfer of information without the network
knowing or manipulating the content of the information?
Bearer services
32. ISDN assigned to telemetry and packet switched data
C-Channel
33. What category of ISDN digital services act at layer 4 to 7 of the OSI model and
accommodate more complex data transfer needs?
Teleservices
34. The ISDN B-channel, which carries the subscriber communication, operates at what
synchronous data rate?
64 kbps
35. GG is a CATV hyperband channel. What is its frequency band
336 – 342 MHz
36. A unit of luminance and a measurement of reflected brightness, used in describe light
output of projection TV screens
Foot Lambert
37. When an electromagnetic waves are reflected at an angle from a wall, their wavelength
along the wall is _____ the actual direction of propagation.
Greater than
38. In loose tube fiber design, optic fiber is up to _____ longer than the tube.
1%
39. Non-resonant antenna
Rhombic antenna
40. In negative transmission, what is the relative amplitude of the modulated picture carrier
wave for maximum white?
12.5%
41. In negative transmission, what is the relative amplitude of the modulated picture carrier
wave for black in the picture?
67.5%
42. In negative transmission, what is the relative amplitude of the modulated picture carrier
wave for blacking level?
75%
43. In negative transmission, what is the relative amplitude of the modulated picture carrier
wave for the tip of sync?
100%
44. The baud rate is equal to ______ the bandwidth in ideal channel.
twice
45. In satellite communication, what is the most powerful and popular subset of linear block
codes because encoding and decoding can be implemented by using simple shift registers?
Cyclic code
46. Firewire developed by Apple Computer
IEEE 1394
47. What international standard for structured cabling concentrates on system and
methods?
ISO
48. In synchronous network, what is recognized international standard?
SDH
49. CATV midband channel
H
50. FCC zones govern the separation of broadcasting stations within each zone. In zone 1,
the minimum co-channel separation is ______ miles for VHF channels and ________ miles
for UHF.
170, 155
51. Important class of nonbinary BCH class code in which the symbols are blocks of bits
Reed-Solomon code
52. GIF compression is lossless, supports transparency but allows a max of _____ colors
only
256
53. What type of transmitter has been replaced by the use of microphones in many modern
telephones?
Carbon
54. Switching system improves the _____ of the data transfer.
Efficiency
55. Gray scale is usually divided into ______ steps.
10
56. EBICON
Electron Bombardment Induced Conductivity
57. Multitone ringing generator
Anti-tinkle Circuitry
Output amplifier
Tone generation
58. ISDN channel type is reserved conventional analog telephone communication
A-Channel
59. Circuit that conform to ITU-T recommendations G.703 and G.704 for a primary rate
operating at 2.048 Mbps?
CEPT-E1
60. FDDI
100 Mbps
61. For low attenuation, the best transmission medium is _____ waveguide.
Rectangular
62. A 35mm frame of film that measures 36 x 24 mm has aspect ratio of ____.
3:2
63. CATV midband channel range
162 – 168 MHz
64. The wavelength of a wave in a waveguide is _______ in free space.
Lesser than
65. Key element for both ISDN access and Intelligent Network Access
Signaling
66. What internet firewall uses the IP address and TCP port number to decide if a packet
can pass through the routers?
Packet filter
67. What Internet Firewall uses a comparison-based where a packet technique under
filtering is compared with the saved state of the previously forwarded packets?
Dynamic Firewall
68. Basic group B
60 – 108 MHz
69. Horizontal scan rate for NTSC system
15.734 KHz
70. Public-key encryption method used for email
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
71. Video Conferencing standard for PSTN
H.320
72. Multiband HF antenna
Log periodic antenna
73. Microwave link repeaters are typically ______ apart because of earth curvature
50 km
74. Latency in voice communication ... delay over
100 ms
75. Horizontal scan rate for the NTSC system
63.556 ms
76. Protocols may be ______ oriented
Bit, character, byte
77. If the antenna diameter in a radar system is increased by a factor of 4 the maximum
range will be increased by a factor of ____.
4
78. What laser specification is quoted only in a typical value?
wavelength
79. In FO, ________-size cables have counts increasing in multiples of 6 or 8 to give sizes
of 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36.
medium
80. E4 bit rate
139.264 Mbps
81. Microprocessor require in order to work with a telephone circuit
ROM and RAM
82. The operating temperature of lasers in FO is typically from ______ to ______ degrees
Celsius.
-5, 65
83. How many different tones may be produced by a 4-column keypad?
16
84. Filter used for SSB generation
Mechanical
85. Bit rate of frame alignment of E1 system
28 kbps
86. Symmetrical DSL was developed to provide high speed communications on a single
cable pair, but at distances n greater than ________ feet.
10,000
87. Max deviation of FM sound signal
25KHz
88. Pretty Good Privacy(Internet security) based on
Rivest-Shamir Adleman Algorithm
89. # of Unique tones for a 12-key dual-tone multi-frequency keypad
7
90. Typical response time of light detector in FO
3.5 ns
91. Antenna best excited by waveguide
Horn
92. Transport capacity of SONET virtual tributary frame (VT1.5)
1.728 Mbps
93. Percent power saving, if carrier of a 100% modulated AM is suppressed
66.66%
94. What category of ISDN digital services adds an additional layer including reverse
charge, call waiting, message handling and etc.
Supplementary Services
95. Transfer electron bulk modulus occurs in ______________.
Gallium Arsenide
96. In radar, the transmitter power is increased by a factor of 16, the maximum range will be
increased by a factor of __________.
2
97. Iridium satellite network has _____ number of spot beams?
48
98. What are the functions provided by the multi-frequency ringer generator?
Output Amplifier, Tone Generator, Anti-Tinkle
99. The voice frequency channel passband?
0-4000Hz
100. Normal operating current of laser in fiber optics.
70mA
What matters most is that when you are really doing your part. =b
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
9. Time it takes in sending a 1MB image via telephone modem with a 300 sec
speed of 28.8 kbps
12. The radiation … of a grounded vertical antenna can be maximized by Using top hats,
loading coils and
ground radials
“ALL OF THE
ABOVE”
13. Class of mobile phones that can be connected to GPRS and GSM Class C
one at a time
14. Class of mobile phones that can be connected to GPRS and GSM Class A
simultaneously
18. A backbone network equipment that works in the data and network router
layer
19. A point in the orbit of a planet that is farthest from the sun Aphelion
21. Typically, the velocity factor of the materials used in transmission 0.6-0.9
lines range from
23. Typical storage temperature range for fiber optical cable installation -30 to 70 degrees
Celsius
24. Standard diameter for cladding used in the single-mode step-index 125 micrometers
fiber used in communications
25. Standard bending radius during fiber cable installation for external 350 mm
armored fiber cables
31. The low-level signal from the output of a detector is Applied to the AF
amplifier
32. The space craft that brought the first creature to space on November Sputnik 2
3, 1957
37. Usual heater voltage for picture tubes used in television 6.3 V
40. The maximum noise figure without equalizer for CATV at 54MHz 7.5dB
must be kept at
41. In CCTV system,___ allows the observer to see the location, speed Monitoring
and direction of a person in the field of view. For this purpose, the image
of the person must not be less than 5% of the screen height
42. For recognition purposes, the image of the person must not be less 50%
than ___ of the screen height
43. In CCTV system, ___ allows the observer to locate a person with a Detection
high degree of certainty having been prompted to do so by a guard,
police, alarm system or other means. For this purpose, the image of the
person must not be less than 10% of the screen height
44. In CCTV system, ___ allows the observer to say with high degree of Recognition
certainty that the person on the monitor is the same one they have seen
before
45. For ___ purposes, the image of the person must not be less than Identification
120% of the screen height
46. What is the total number of C band transponders are there in Agila 2 30
57. FDDI that permits the transmission of voice and video over the same FDDI II
cable as the normal FDDI token passing
58. A frame that has a total content of 2430 bytes in SDH framing STM-1
64. In the wifi world, a proprietary channel bonding equipment that can Super G
boost network upto 108 Mbps
65. In the radio spectrum, what frequencies are used for deep space 2.29-2.3GHz
radio communications?
76. EDGE GSM E1 mobile power class supporting 8-PSK modulation 33 dBm
nominal power output
77. EDGE GSM E2 mobile power class supporting 8-PSK modulation 27 dBm
nominal power output
78. EDGE GSM E3 mobile power class supporting 8-PSK modulation 23 dBm
nominal power output
79. Number of symbols used in ASCII 128
80. Channel that allows only one dominant channel to operate during Clear channel
nighttime and covers a wide area
82. a phase-locked loop used for carrier phase recovery from Costas loop
suppressed-carrier modulation
84. Standard bending radius during installation for a lightweight fiber 70mm
cable
86. Standard bending radius for long term use for an external armored 175mm
fiber cables
88. Long term bending radius for direct burial fiber cables 150mm
90. In CCTV system, for identification purposes the image of the person 120%
will not be less than ___ of the screen
“ALL OF THE
ABOVE”
92. In error control ion networks,___ refers to the opposite of controlled Contention
access where computers wait until the circuit is free and then transmit
whenever they have data to send and commonly used in Ethernet LANS
96. How much more is the feedpoint Z in a folded dipole than in a normal 4 times
dipole
“ALL OF THE
ABOVE”
101. The velocity of sound that is equal to the square root of absolute 12
temperature is ___ times greater at 20 °C
102. In TDMA framed D-AMPS, the number of bits per frame is ____ 128
104. 6 dB better
10. Which of the following is NOT a reason why most half wave More cost-effective
antennas are mounted horizontally at low frequencies
12. Radiation doses in the range approximately 200 to 1000 rad Hematologic
produce the _____ syndrome
20. An 8 bit fixed length character set developed in 1962 by IBM EBCDIC code
26. Error correction scheme that actually detect and corrects Forward error correction
transmission errors when they are received without requiring a
retransmission
28. Often used to compare the performance of one digital Bandwidth Efficiency
modulation technique to another
30. At exactly one wavelength, the short circuited transmission Parallel resonant
line behaves as a/an _______ circuit
31. A mismatched transmission line is also referred to as a ___ Resonant
line
33. How many wavelengths long are required for a pair of 1/10 Lambda
conductors to be considered as a transmission line
35. The shape of the electromagnetic energy radiated from or Radiation pattern
received by an antenna is called the
36. Ratio of the speed of propagation on a line to that of light in Velocity factor
free space
37. This means that the characteristics and performance of an Antenna reciprocity
antenna are the same whether the antenna is radiating or
intercepting an electromagnetic signal
38. Most widely used UTP cable that can carry baseband data CAT5
at rates up to 100Mbps at a range up to 100m
39. Used to lower the resonant frequency of a shortened vertical Top hat loading
antenna
42. Refers to the emission of electrons from a clean metallic Photoelectric effect
surface when electromagnetic radiation falls onto that surface
43. System wherein the input in a transmitter is a collector High level modulator
modulated
45. Unit of radiation exposure that will produce 2.08x10^9 ion Roentgen
pairs per cubic cm of air at STP
52. The oldest microwave tube design which is commonly used Magnetron
in radar transmitters where they can generate peak power levels
in the megawatt range
56. When the characteristic impedance of the transmission line Maximum power transfer
matches the output impedance of the transmitter and the will take place
impedance of the antenna itself
61. A basic antenna connected to a transmission line plus one Parasitic array
or more additional conductors that are not connected to the
transmission line form a
62. An antenna consisting of halfwave dipoles spaced from one Broadside array
another by one-half wavelength is the
63. Error correcting code used for correcting transmission errors Hamming code
in synchronous data streams
66. In DTMF, horizontal frequencies are also known as ______ High group
frequencies
67. In DTMF, vertical frequencies are also known as ______ Low group
frequencies
68. In PCM, it translates the quantized samples into digital code Encoder
words
69. An error detection technique in which a redundant bit is Vertical redundancy check
appended to every data unit so that the total number of 1’s in
the unit (even the parity bit) becomes even
71. Type of digital modulation that uses two or more different FSK
output frequencies
75. Loss of data that occurs when two stations transmit on a Collision
network at the same time
78. Means of transmitting data by shifting the phase angle of the PSK
transmitted signal
80. Telephone switch that connects only to other switches and Tandem office
not to individual customers
83. The most common circuit used for demodulating binary FSK PLL
signal
84. Geostationary satellites are located at ______ with respect 0 degrees latitude
to the equator
87. The downlink frequency appear to vary by several kHz Doppler effect
during a LEO satellite pass due to the change in the distance
between the satellite and ground station, which is referred to as
88. A satellite dish owner has a 3m dish designed for C band (4 Gain increases by9.54 dB,
Ghz) operation. The owner wants to use the same dish with a beamwidth decreases to
new feedhorn for Ku-band (12 Ghz) satellites. What effect will 1/3 of its value
the change in frequency have on the gain and beamwidth of the
antenna
90. Antenna 1 has a gain of 5.3 dBi while antenna 2 has a gain Antenna2 has a higher
of 4.5 dBd. Which of the following is true? gain
93. An antenna can be matched to the feedline using All of the above (shorted
stub, LC network, loading
coil)
94. “Ground Effect” refers to the effects on an antenna’s Radio signals reflecting off
radiation pattern caused by the ground
98. Field strength at a distance from an antenna is measured Field strength meter
with
100. Cable used for local loops in telephone system is mainly Twisted pair copper wires
103. The highest-ranking office in the DDD network in telephony Regional center
in terms of the size of the geographical area served and the
trunking options available
113. The difference in dB between the loudest level of sound Dynamic range
and the softest passage of sound is known as
115. Placing a metallic array on the antenna effects to increase Top Loading
the current at base of the antenna, and also to make the current
distribution more uniform is called ________
116. What principle states that the properties of an antenna are Principle of reciprocity
independent of whether it is used for transmission or reception
117. Often used to cure the problem of great thickness required Zoning
of lenses used at lower microwave frequencies
119. Any array that is directional at right angles to the plane of Broadside action
the array is said to have _____
120. The ratio of the focal length to the mouth diameter is called Aperture
________ of the parabola, just as in camera lense
121. Corresponds to a resonant transmission line, and the dipole Resonant antenna
antennas describe so far have been resonant
124. Which of the following causes great damage to the cornea of Longer wavelength
the eye
125. Which of the following causes great damage to the retina of shorter wavelength
the eye
131. A coupler consist of series of lenses and partly reflective Beam Splitting Coupler
surfaces
132. Major difference of SONET and SDH Data rate
138. Typical spectral width of laser ranges from 1nm to ____ 5nm
141. A step index multimode fiber optic cable has a diameter of 0.02
148. Parameter determines the range or the spectral length Spectral response
150. Refers to mobile station identifier sent over on the air interface Temporary Mobile
Station Identifier
153. Illuminates only small portion of the fiber core Effective Modal
Bandwidth
155. Completely fills the core and the cladding of the front end of Overfilled launched
the fiber. bandwidth
158. Number of electrons emitted per second times the electron Photocurrent
charge
165. The loudness of a sound depends upon the energy of motion vibrating
imparted to ____________ molecules of the medium transmitting
the sound.
166. What alloy is formed using Iron, aluminum and silicon used as Alfecon
videoheads in video recording tapes
171. The harmonically related carrier (HRC) shifts all cable 3-4, 5-6, 4-6
channels 2 to 125 down to frequency -1.25 MHz are done to what
channel pairs?
172. The OSI layer responsible for network availability, data Session Layer
storage and process capacity
173. A type of error of which two or more data units have changed Burst Error
174. Which of the following is/are true about Spectrum It performs forward
Management? error correction; It
provides automatic
congestion control in
the upstream direction;
It performs upstream
frequency agility to
avoid igress in noise
175. The time it takes for the intensity of sound energy in the room Reverberation time
to drop to one millionth of its initial value
177. Which of the following is true about Consumer DSL It has a data rate of 176
kbps in the upward
direction; It has a data
rate of 1Mbps in the
downward direction; It
has lower speech
communication
capability
Dead Zone
182. Which of the following is true about UMTS? The ITU-T named it
IMT2000; Has packet
data service; Has initial
speed of 28.8 kbps
184. A system which has access to all individual users of the entire Server
network
185. A system which contains shared files to all individual users Servers
189. A loss incurred of an electromagnetic wave travelling in a Free Space Path loss
straight direction in a vacuum without absorption or reflection of
medium of nearby objects
191. An executive order which grants the NTC jurisdiction, control EO 196
and regulation over the Philippine Commercial Satellite
Corporation.
192. A type of fiber optic cable which is always tightly buffered. Plastic Clad Silica
193. It states that light wave behaves as if it is consists of many Quantum Theory
tiny particles
194. The highest central office in the DDD network Regional Center
195. When a photodiode is used as fiber optic detector, it must be Reversed bias
198. Refers to the number of electrons emitted per second, times Photocurrent
the electron charge
Conduit
204. For a music lover concert “A” is 440 Hz, if a musical note one Double
octave higher were played, it would be ____ that frequency
206. The digital signal level __ uses binary line coding scheme 1
208. Connects to other offices and does not go directly to Tandem Office
subscribers
209. In a telephone channel bandwidth of 300 to 3000 Hz, the 5400 bps
highest theoretical bandwidth rate is
210. With 8-bit processing, how many elements are contained in 2048 ports
the channel?
211. What happens to the frequency and wavelength of a material The frequency remains
if it enters from one medium to another type of medium with a the same but the
change in speed? wavelength changes
217. Is the sound energy per unit area at right angles of the Sound Intensity
propagation direction per unit time
221. Refers to the direction of the electric field vector in space Polarization
222. Is an antenna array which is highly directional at right angles Broadside Array
to the plane of the array
226. The highest layer in the ISO protocol Hierarchy Application Layer
230. What parameter of light detector determines the range or Spectral Response
system length that can be achieved for a given wavelength?
232. What is the typical wavelength of light emitted from epitaxially 940 nm
grown LEDs?
233. Which is not a possible cause of fiber optic loss? Stepped Index
Operation
235. An increase in light intensity produces fast optic switching due Amplification of optical
to? signal
238. One of the following is not a solid state optical detector? PMT
239. Which optical detector is used when high sensitivity and PMT
bandwidth are required?
10 BASE T 100m
1000 Mbps 1000baseT
“electrotechnology” IEC
Barcode INTERLEAVES 2 BY 5
Black connector 50 µM
CIDR 1993
CIDR … SUPERNET
Fo OPTICAL SOLITON
HiperLAN GMSK
ID-002 105 X 74 MM
Multimode 62.5
NOT true about Frame User for Network NOT A FAST ATM
Interface
NTSC…video… YIQ model
Satellite dish that has a size that of a pizza 256 – 400 KBPS
Satellite ephemeris 16
X-ray … dangerous 15 KV
1900 1996
1800 1994
900 1992
Minicells 3 km
Macrocells 30 km
EDFA 980 nm
trombone
EDFA 20 meters
40%
45%
IF superhetordyne.. 30 – 60 MHz
Physical layer
CAT 6… 200Mbps
>23 dB…..