Chemical Reactions and Properties

of Matter
HSPS EOCT Review Day 2!
Conservation of Matter in Chemical Reactions

• Matter is not created or destroyed

• Mass of Products = Mass of Reactants
• Balancing Chemical equations demonstrates
the Law of Conservation of Mass
Balancing Equations
 Types of Chemical Reactions
• Synthesis: 2 or more substances combine to form a compound
• Decomposition: A compound breaks down into 2 or more
simple substances
• Single Replacement: A single element replacing another
element in a compound, forming a different compound
• Double Replacement: Two elements in two different
compounds replace each other, forming two different
compounds
Title and Content Layout with List
States of Matter
 Density
• Density= mass/volume
• Gases have a lower density because there is more
space between the particles
• This is why some things sink and some things float in
water
• Density higher than water = sink
• Density lower than water = float
Physical vs. Chemical Properties
Physical Properties: Observed and Chemical Properties: Chemically changing
measured without changing identity the object
• Strength

• Hardness • Flammability
• Area
• Oxidation
• Length
• Toxicity
• State

• Density
• Heat of combustion

• Solubility

• Temperature

• Boiling/melting point

• Conductivity

• Color
 Solutions
• Mixture: 2 or more compounds physically combined

• Solution: when a solute is dissolved by a solvent

• Solute: what is being dissolved

• Solvent: what is doing the dissolving

• Concentration- stirring, smaller particles, and increasing temperature determines dissolving rate

• Solubility how much solute a solvent can dissolve

• Saturated: maximum solute
• Unsaturated: less than maximum solute
• Super saturated: too much solute
• Solubility curve: temperature vs. amount of solute
Conductivity and pH
• Conductivity- measure of a solution’s ability to conduct
electricity
• Strong electrolytes: dissolved ionic compounds
because of the presence of cations and anions
• Weak electrolytes: weak acids or bases
• Nonelectrolytes: covalent compounds because they
dissolve as molecules, not ions
pH