Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Buk. - Bukhari;
Mus. - Muslim;
A.D. - Abu Dawood;
I.M. - Ibn Majah;
Misk. - Mishkaat-Al-Masabih by F. Karim.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Allah, our families and all those who help and support this ongoing effort.
Seek help in patience and prayer; and truly it is hard save for the humble-minded.
(Qur‘an Ch. 2: v45)
O ye who believe! Seek help with patient perseverance and prayer: for Allah is with
those who patiently persevere. (Qur‘an Ch. 2: v153)
When my servants ask thee concerning Me I am indeed close (to them); I listen to the
prayer of every suppliant when he calls on Me; let them also with a will listen to My call
and believe in Me; that they may walk in the right way. (Qur‘an Ch. 2: v186)
When ye have performed the act of worship, remember Allah, standing, sitting and
reclining. And when ye are in safety, observe proper worship. Worship at fixed hours
hath been enjoined on the believers. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v103)
Lo! The hypocrites seek to beguile Allah, but it is Allah who beguiles them. When they
stand up to worship they perform it languidly and to be seen of men, and are mindful of
Allah but little. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v142)
O ye who believe! When ye rise up for prayer, wash your face, and your hands up to the
elbows, and lightly rub your heads and (wash) your feet up to the ankles. And if ye are
unclean, purify yourselves. And if ye are sick or on a journey, or one of you cometh
from the closet, or ye have had contact with women, and ye find not water, then go to
clean, high ground and rub your faces and your hands with some of it. Allah would not
place a burden on you, but He would purify you and would perfect His grace upon you,
that ye may give thanks. (Qur‘an Ch. 5: v6)
Surely, my worship, and my sacrifice, and my living, and my dying are for Allah, Lord of
the Worlds. (Qur‘an Ch. 6: v162)
The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “Pray as you have seen me praying”
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 604).
The key to prayer is purification; its beginning is takbeer, its end is tasleem. (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 61)
There are two forms of ablution: the partial ablution (Wudu) and the complete ablution (Ghusl).
The following actions or conditions nullify the state of purity and require a partial ablution (Wudu).
Discharges from the body (stools, urine, gas) (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v43); (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 176-177)
Flow of blood other than menses from the body. (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 286)
Falling sleep (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 203)
Disobeying The Holy Qur‘an Ch. 5: v90; which prohibits intoxicants and becoming intoxicated.
One cannot perform prayer unless completely sober. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v43)
5. Wash the right arm three times up to the top of the elbow, then wash the left arm.
6. With wet hands, wipe the whole head from the forehead to the back of the neck, once.
7. Wipe the back of both ears with the thumbs and the inside of the ears with the index fingers.
8. Wipe both feet up to the ankles, three times, beginning with the right foot, and ensuring that
the heels and between the toes are wiped.
O you who believe, go not near prayer when you are intoxicated till you know what you
say, nor after sexual intercourse - except you are merely passing by - until you have
bathed (Ghusl). …. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v43)
The following actions or conditions require the full ablution (Ghusl) before performing prayer.
Sexual intercourse. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v43)
Wet dream. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 280); (Buk. Vol. 3; Num. 609)
The expiration of a woman's menstrual period. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 303, Num. 317)
Maimuna reported that the Holy Prophet performed Ghusl as follows. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 265)
….And if you are sick, or on a journey, or one of you come from the privy, or you have
touched the women and you cannot find water, betake yourselves to pure earth,
(Tayammum) then wipe your faces and your hands. Surely Allah is ever Pardoning,
Forgiving. (Qur‘an Ch. 4: v43)
The symbolic ablution (tayammum), is used when no water is available or a person cannot use
water because of reasons of health.
1. Touch earth, sand, or stone lightly with both hands and then wipe the face with them once as
done in the partial ablution.
2. Touch earth, sand, or stone lightly with both hands and then wipe the right arm to the elbow
with the left hand and the left arm with the right hand.
Ashhadu al laa ilaaha illal laahu wahdahu laa shareekalahu wa ash hadu anna
Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuuluh.
I bear witness that there is no God except Allah and He is one and has no partner, and I also
bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.
(I.M. Vol. 1; Num. 419); (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 451)
Women are exempted from prayers during their menstrual period. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 228)
After childbirth, women are exempted from prayers up to forty days, then they resume prayers,
except if they heal before that duration of time. (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 311);(I.M. Vol. 1; Num. 648-649)
Prayer Rakaahs:
The Fard rakaahs are the compulsory or prescribed prayer.
The first two rakaahs of the Fard of Fajr, Maghrib and the ‘Ishā’ prayers are read aloud.
Additional rakaahs are often said (Sunnah) after the example of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
and are said individually - that is, not in congregation.
The following is a table of the order and number of rakaahs for each time of prayer:
Sunnah Sunnah
Fard
Before After
Fajr 2 2
Zuhr 4 4 2
Asr 4
Maghrib 3 2
‘Ishā’ 4 2
The Holy Prophet prayed a total of 12 rakaahs before and after the prescribed prayers.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 1246); (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1581)
The person giving the Adhan should give the Iqama. (I.M. Vol. 1; Num. 717)
The first person to give the Adhan was Bilaal. He used to put his two fingers to his ears and
would turn right and left at “Hayya ‘alas Salaah and Hayya ‘alal Falaah” respectively.
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 607); (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 520).
However, Hazrat Umar did not put his fingers to his ears. (Buk. Vol. 1; Ch. 19; Pg. 346)
Adhan
Notes on Adhan.
The words of the Adhan are twice and that of the Iqama are once, except for
“Qad Qaamatis Salaah”(Prayer is now ready);
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 579)
The words of the Adhan are pronounced in double pairs and the Iqama in single.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 499; Num. 508-510)
The listeners who are present repeat the words of the Adhan. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 585, 586, 587)
After, “Hayya ‘alas Salaah and Hayya ‘alal Falaah”, the listeners recite
“La hawla wa laa quwwata illaa billaah”. (There is neither might nor power except with Allah)
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 587)
Allaahumma Rabba haazihid da‘watit taammati, wassalaatil qaaimati, aati Muhammada nil
wa seelata walfadeelata waddarajatar rafeea‘ta wab‘ashu maqaamam mahmooda nil lazee
wa‘attahoo war zuqnaa shafaa-a‘tahoo yawmal qiyaamati, innaka laa tukhliful mee‘aad.
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 588)
Allah, the Lord of living prayer, grant to Muhammad nearness and excellence and raise him to the
position of glory which Thou hast promised him, and grant us his intercession on the day of
Requital; surely Thou never fail in (Thy) promise.
The rows are formed in straight lines with the adult males in the first one and the small boys
behind, then the small girls with the adult females at the last. (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 881)
Stand erect, head down, hands at sides, feet evenly spaced, face the Qibla, (Mecca).
There is no record that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) ever recited any formula for intention such as
“Neeyat Karta” or “Na Waitu” etc.
Iqama
After the Takbeer - Allaahu Akbar, raise hands up to the shoulders or ears.
(Buk. Vol 1. Num. 702); (A.D. Vol. 1 Num. 736)
The Holy Prophet (PBUH) sometimes raised his hands to his shoulders at the pronouncement of
the other takbeers.
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 706)
He also did not do so but kept them folded until he went to ruku.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 747-749; Misk. Vol. 3; Num. 211)
Both forms are correct and to choose one for the other is a matter of one’s opinion.
…and if anyone is present while bowing (ruku), he has been present at the prayer.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 892)
Raise hands up to the shoulders or ears. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 702); (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 736)
Place right hand on left forearm. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 707)
After Takbeer Tahrima, the Holy Prophet recited a number of short prayers.
(Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1696); (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 759, 774); (Misk. Vol. 3; Num. 214, 219)
Some of these are:
Surely I have turned myself, being upright wholly to Him Who originated the heavens and the
earth and I am not of the polytheists. Surely my prayer and my sacrifice and my life and my
death are for Allah, the Lord of the worlds, no associate has He; and this I am commanded
and I am one of those who submit.
Glory to Thee, O Allah, and Thine is the praise, and blessed is Thy name, and exalted is Thy
Majesty, and there is none to be served besides Thee.
Notes on Al-Faatiha
3. Al-Faatiha must be read in every rakaah. No prayer is valid without the Faatiha.
(I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 837)
The worshipper only recites the Faatiha when the Imam is leading the Salaah.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 823)
The worshipper recites Faatiha inwardly when the Imam is leading the Salaah.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 820); (I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 838)
Aameen.
Aameen is said aloud by Imam and congregation after Faatiha. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 747-749)
All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
Master of the day of Requital, Thee do we worship and Thee do we beseech for help.
Guide us on the right path, the path of those upon whom Thou hast bestowed favors,
Not of those upon whom wrath is brought down, nor of those who go astray.
When the Imam recites the other verses from the Qur‘an, the followers remain silent.
(I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 846)
Only seven parts touch the ground - forehead, two hands, two knees and the toes of both
feet. The elbows do not touch the ground. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 773).
O Allah! Grant me protection and have mercy on me and guide me and grant me security and
grant me sustenance and exalt me and set right my affairs.
(A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 849); (I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 898)
Note: This ends the first rakaah. Rise to Qiyam and repeat steps 3 - 14 for the second rakaah.
At the end of every second or last rakaah, rise to Quud and continue as in Step 15.
The right forefinger is pointed at “Ash-hadu al-laa ilaaha” (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1202-1204)
All reverence, worship and sanctity are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet! And the
mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us and on the righteous servants of Allah;
and I bear witness that there is no deity (worthy of worship) but Allah; and I bear witness that
Muhammad is His chosen servant and His Messenger.
Note: If there is a third or fourth rakaah, after At-Tahiyyat, recite Takbeer and rise to Qiyam.
Proceed as in previous rakaahs but only recite Al Faatiha.
Otherwise, if this is the final rakaah, then after reciting At-Tahiyyat, remain in Quud
(reverential posture) and continue with the rest of At-Tashahhud as described next.
Al-laahumma salli ‘a-laa Muhammadin wa ‘a-laa a-li Muhammadin kamaa sallaita ‘a-laa
Ibraaheema wa ‘a-laa a-li Ibraaheema innaka Hameedum Majeed.
Al-laahumma barik ‘a-laa Muhammadin wa ‘a-laa a-li Muhammadin kamaa barakta ‘a-
laa Ibraaheema wa ‘a-laa a-li Ibraaheema innaka Hameedum Majeed.
(I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 904)
O Allah! Exalt Muhammad and the followers of Muhammad as Thou didst exalt Abraham and
the followers of Abraham, for surely Thou art Praised and Magnified.
O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the followers of Muhammad, as Thou didst bless Abraham
and the followers of Abraham, for surely Thou art Praised and Magnified.
Note: Any supplication can be made after this. (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 793-6); (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 963)
One can recite as the Holy Prophet (PBUH) did;
17. Allaahumma innee ‘a-ouzu bika min azaabil qabri, wa ouzu bika min fitnatil maseehid
dajjali, wa ouzu bika min fitnatil mahyaa wal mamaati, allaahumma innee ‘a`ouzu bika
minal ma‘thami wal maghrami. (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 795)
O Allah, I seek refuge in Thee from the torment of the grave and I seek refuge in Thee from
the perfidy of al-Masih al-Dajjal and I seek refuge in Thee from the trial of life and the trial of
death. O Allah, I seek refuge in Thee from the sins and from the debt.
18. Allaahumma innee zalamtu nafsee zulman katheerau, wa laa yaghfiruz-zunooba illaa
anta, faghfirlee maghfiratam min indika, warhamnee, innaka antal ghafurur-raheem.
[As he taught Abu Bakr; (Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 796)]
Rabij-Alni
19. Rabij-Alni (Qur‘an Ch. 14: vs.40 - 41)
My Lord! Make me regular in prayer, and my offspring too. Our Lord accept my prayer. Our
Lord grant protection to me and my parents and to all the faithful on the day of Judgement.
Rabanaa Atinaa
20. Rabanaa Atinaa (Qur‘an Ch. 2: v201)
O our Creator and Sustainer! Give us goodness in this world and in the world Hereafter, and
save us from the torment of Hell-Fire.
Tasleem
21. End Salaah by reciting Tasleem. (Buk. Vol. 1; Ch. 70; Pg. 443); (I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 914)
The worshipper can then perform Zikr, as was the practice of the Holy Prophet PBUH.
Allaahu laa ‘ilaaha ‘illaa huwal hayyul qayyum;laa ta‘khuzuhus sinahtowe wa laa nawm
lahu maa fis samaawaate wa maa fil ‘ard; Man za ‘allaze yashfa
indahu ‘illaa bi ‘iznihi; ya lamu maa bayna aydehim wa maa khalfahum
wa laa yuhetuuna bishay'im-min ilmihi ‘illaa bi maa shaa‘a wasia kurseyuhus
samaawaati wal ‘ard.wa laa ya‘uduhu hifzuhumaa wa huwal aleyul azeem
There is none worthy of worship save Allah, Who is Everlasting and Immortal.
Neither drowsiness nor sleep can touch Him.
He is the sole Possessor and Ruler of Everything in heaven and earth.
No one dares to recommend anybody in His Court of Justice but with His permission.
Whatever is happening to the living people, and whatever will happen after their death, is
completely, known to Allah.
People cannot know anything of His knowledge but whatever He wishes them to know.
His Throne is so vast that it encompasses the heaven and earth and He is never tired to
control and protect both of them. He is Sublime and Great.
Witr ends prayer for the night. (Mus. Vol. 1; Num. 1638)
The Holy Prophet used to perform the Witr prayer in the latter part of the night.
(Buk. Vol. 1; Num. 183)
In the odd rakaah of the Witr prayer, (read at the end of ‘Ishā’ or Tahajjud), the Faatiha is followed
by recitation of a portion of the Qur‘an and then the Qunut is said in silence.
(I.M. Vol. 2; Num. 1178); (A.D. Vol. 1; Num. 1420)
Qunut
Allaahummah dinee feeman hadaita
O Allah! Guide me among those whom You have guided; and pardon me among those who You
have pardoned; and turn on me in friendship among those on whom You have turned in
friendship; and bless me in what You have bestowed; and save me from the evil of what You
have decreed; [for] indeed You decree, and none can influence You; [and] he is not humiliated
whom You have befriended; Blessed are You, O Lord, and Exalted.
0 Allah! We beseech Thy help and seek Thy forgiveness. We strongly believe in Thee and solely
depend upon Thee; we praise Thee and are thankful to Thee and we are not ungrateful to Thee
and we also abandon and reject everyone who has been disobedient to you. 0 Allah! We worship
Thee only, and we perform prayer and do obeisance only for the sake of Thy pleasure; to Thee
we turn to in haste, we desire Thy mercy and fear Thy punishment; Verily, Your chastisement
overtakes the infidels.
O Allah! Grant forgiveness to our living and our dead, present and absent, and our young ones
and old ones, our males and females. O Allah! Whosoever among us you keep alive, keep them
alive in Islam and whosoever Thou cause to die, make him die in the Islamic faith. O Allah! Do
not deprive us of his reward and do not make us fall into a trial after him.
O Allah, I keep fast (to seek) Your (pleasure) and believe in You and trust in You and break the
fast with what You have provided.
Say: O disbelievers!
I worship not that which you worship,
Nor do you worship that which I worship.
And I shall not worship that which you worship.
Nor will you worship that which I worship.
Unto you your religion, and unto me my religion.
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