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IMECE2016
November 11-17, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
IMECE2016-65624
3D TRANSIENT MODEL
Mesh construction
Starting from the CAD model of the valve, the wet
surfaces of the fluid volume were extracted in STL format. The
generation of the mesh in PumpLinx is usually performed
FIGURE 2: SCHEMATIC OF A NON-COMPENSATED POPPET VALVE through specific templates for several types of pumps and
some kinds of valves. However, due to the lack of a dedicate
Since the aim of a pressure relief valve is to maintain constant template for conical poppets, to simulate the motion of the
the upstream pressure, it can be assumed that, when the valve movable element and the consequent mesh deformation, a
regulates, the pressure across the metering edge is almost manual approach was used. Hence the generic module axial
constant and equal to the cracking pressure p* of the valve. valve was employed and the computational domain was split in
The consequence is that the flow force is proportional to the subdomains with different types of grids: fixed, deformable
poppet displacement x and can be considered as the elastic and sliding. In Fig. 4 the volumes subdivision is reported.
force of a virtual spring with stiffness:
k jet = 2C d d p sin cos (4)
v g l
75
being fg and fv the mass fraction of the gas (air) and of the oil
vapour respectively, while v, g and l are the densities of the
70
vapour, of the gas and of the liquid. The total mass of air is
maintained constant during the simulation, while dissolved and
separated fractions are calculated as function of the 65
equilibrium value given by the Henry's law and the local 0 10 20 30 40 50
pressure. For the present study it was found that the cavitation number of cells in the radial direction
model must be activated, since in some regions downstream
from the metering edge the local pressure can assume negative FIGURE 6: MESH INFLUENCE IN THE METERING EDGE
values. As far as the mesh geometry along the jet path is concerned,
To avoid this unphysical behaviour, which can modify the some dynamic simulations were performed to determine the
direction of the jet and as a consequence the force on the equilibrium position of the poppet for different refinement
deflector, the aeration and evaporation phenomena must be levels of the grid. Figure 7 reports the regulated pressure at the
simulated in order to limit the minimum pressure. port P as function of the total number of cells.
The standard turbulence model k-was used. Finally the first 6
In particular the point 1 with about 1.5 10 cells was obtained
order upwind interpolation scheme was applied.
with a coarse grid in both regions A and B, points 2, 3 and 4
78
measured the volumetric flow rate at the valve inlet. Two
miniature absolute pressure transducers GS XPM were
2 mounted directly on the valve. Both transducers have a
76
linearity error of 0.25% , while the measuring range is
3 4 5 respectively 0-100 and 0-20 absolute bar.
74
72
1 2 3 4 5 6
total number of cells 6
×10
Parameters setting
As far as the oil properties are concerned, in Tab. 2 the
values used in the model are reported. However it was verified
that an amount of air of 9% in volume leads to the same results.
TABLE 2: PARAMETERS SET IN THE MODEL
60
40
a) b)
= 135° = 90°
15
pressure drop P-T [bar]
10 46 bar
75 bar
5
-5
80 100 120 140 160 180
0.75
0.7
3D model - 75 bar
3D model - 46 bar
0.65 3D model - 14 bar
0D model
0.6
0 200 400 600 800 1000
FIGURE 17: LMS AMESIM MODEL flow number λ [-]
The flow rate is imposed through an ideal flow source, whose FIGURE 18: TUNING OF THE DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT
value, along with the poppet position, is used as input for a 2D
table interpolation block for the evaluation of the deflector In the same figure the analytic function (10) with Cd,max = 0.76
force. In the conical poppet submodel the opening force is and c = 300 is also superimposed. Since the influence of the
evaluated as: discharge coefficient is more important for small values of the
d –
2 2
dr
flow area, it was decided to fit the points corresponding to the
F c = p ----------------- – f F jet (8) maximum pressure. In fact a variation of the discharge
4
coefficient from 0.76 to 0.74 leads to a modification of the inlet
0D model
60
60
40
50
flow rate [L/min]
20
f = 0.9 40
0 30
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
poppet lift [mm] 20 exp - 14 bar
exp - 46 bar
exp - 75 bar
FIGURE 19: TUNING OF THE FLOW FORCES 10 0D model