ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; (SPESIFIK/

ACQUIRED /DAPATAN)

MUH. ILYAS YUSUF

Imunitas spesifik
Acquired / spesific immunity
Distimulasi bahan asing ( imunogen ) → respon
spesifik terhadap imunogen tersebut & mampu
respon terhadap paparan bahan asing tersebut
berikutnya.
Karakteristik :
➣ Specificity ~ self / nonself discrimination
➣ Memory ~ responsive / increasing the
second response to exposure Ag
➣ Self regulation
 Sistem Imun Spesifik

A. Humoral:
– Yang berperan sel B yang akan berkembang
menjadi sel Plasma menghasilkan antibodi

B. Selular:
– Yang berperan Sel T
– Fungsi Pertahanan terhadap :Bakteri Intra Sel:
-Virus -Jamur -Parasit -Keganasan
IMUNITAS SPESIFIK SIFAT:
1. SPESIFISITAS
• paratope / antigen binding site
pada antibodi / imunoglobulin
• Reseptor pada sel B / T
( Ig R / TCR )
~ sesuai / komplementer / kenal / respon dg
antigen determinant ( epitope )
2. DIVERSITAS
> 109 reseptor / Ag binding site !
Pertahanan terhadap banyak
patogen di lingkungan
3.INGATAN / MEMORY
Setiap Ag yang pernah masuk → stimulasi →
paparan berikut → mekanisme pertahanan
efektif pada respon imun sekunder ~ karena
memory cells ( prinsip vaksinasi )

4.DAPAT MEMBEDAKAN SELF / NONSELF

5.KOMPLEKSITAS
Koordinasi / ko stimulator / Regulasi reaksi
sel - sel & molekul – molekul yang kompleks
6.SELF REGULATION
● ↑ Imunitas alami : IR ↑ pada fokus
infeksi ( Ag masuk ) → eliminasi
Ag > baik
● Perlu partisipasi phagocyte & C

7.TIPE IMUNITAS SPESIFIK

1. Imunitas humoral : Antibodi
2. Imunitas seluler
( CMI : Cell Mediated Immunity )
sel limposit T dan B
 √Although parasitism implies mutual coexistence of host and
infectious agent, the immune response plays a critical role in
the establishment and maintenance of this balance

√Traditionally, the control of parasitic infections was thought to be

the exclusive domain of the acquired immune system and typical
innate functions

~Complemen
components

ADAPTIVE
TRADITIONAL
CONCEPT

Typical
Innate

~Phagocytes
~Complemen (Hunter & Sher, 2011)
Primitive vector
components
mechanisms
 √Since the start of the 1990s, it has been recognized that the early
interactions between the host innate system and pathogens shape
subsequent adaptive responses and the outcome of infection

CONCEPT of
1990s

Host Innate
System + ADAPTIVE Outcome of
Infection

RESOLUTION, LATENCY DISEASE

 IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACTION
INNATE ADAPTIVE
Immunity Immunity
Microbe

Epithelial B lymphocytes
barriers
Proliferation
Differentiation

DC
Phagocytes
T lymphocytes Effector
Tcells
Complement
NK
Activation
cells

T cells
B1 B cells
 Molecular structures recognized during Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

PAMP
Pathogen 1 Ag

Common PAMP Unique structures

Pathogen 2 Ag
structures (Antigens=Ag)
(PAMPs) recognized by adaptive
recognised
by innate

PAMP
Pathogen 3 Ag

PAMP = Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (Mak & Saunders,2012)

Membrane molecules of lymphocytes

(Kuby, Ch 1, p10, 2007)

Antigen recognition
Short
cytoplasmic tails
consisting of : Mediate
lys-val-lys signaling
functions

B cell antigen receptor

(Abbas,2012)
Structure of the T cell receptor

(Abbas,2012)
Recognition of MHC-associated peptides
Intracellular signaling pathways
(BCR – Ag crosslinking)
Neutralization, elimination, destroy and kill
of microbes
CTL : Perforins, Granzyms, Fas-FasL
PENGELOLAAN MIKROBA DALAM TUBUH
Interaction between Lymphocytes And Phagocyyttes
 Respons Imun
IL-12/ IL-1
Ag IL-6
IL-4
L

Th IL-5 LYM-B SEL

Th-2
CTL MHC-I PLASMA
APC MHC-II

IL-2, IFN-γ
IL-1

TNF-β, IFN-γ
IL-10
Sel Abnormal
FAST Th.1 SEL MEMORI
I L-2 IFN-
γ

SEL-NK
L

SEL-NK AKTIF
FC-R

SITOTOKSIN
SEL-LISIS

SEL ABNORMAL