BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

The mountains are a very spectacular appearance, which rises upwards of several
hundred meters or more, from the surrounding plains. Some of these appearances are an
isolated single mass, while others are a very long series of mountains. Some of the series are a
series of very young mountains, like the Himalayas, which still grow today. The other is a series
of mountains that are old and has undergone a process of decreasing (smoothing) the surface.

Movements that originate from the earth that cause or cause certain forms caused by
the force of stress found in the earth's crust called endogenous forces. Tectonic symptoms are
part of the endogenous style. Tectonism is the energy derived from the skin of the earth that
causes changes in the earth's surface layer, both horizontal and vertical. Meanwhile, tectonic
power is the energy that comes from within the earth that causes the movement up and down
the layers of the earth's crust. The motion includes orogenetic motion and epirogenetic motion.
(Orogenesa and epiro genesa). Orogenetic motion is a motion that can cause folds and
fractures and cracks caused due to the movement of a large earth and covers a narrow area
and takes place in a short time, and epirogenetik motion is the motion that causes the earth's
surface up and down due to the very slow motion of the earth and Covers a large area.

TUJUAN
1. To know the description about fold
2. To know what factors affect about fold formation
RUMUSAN MASALAH
1.How does the fold formed?
2. What are the factors that affect fold formation?
3. What kind of fold?
 BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

A. FOLD

Folds or folds are deformations of rock layers that occur as a result of the firmness of
force so that the rocks move from its original position to form the curvature. In addition, the
creases are the layers of the earth's crust that are subjected to horizontal pressure. The folds can
be divided into two based on the shape of the arch, the anticline and the syncline. The anticline is
the back of a fold that tilts its two wings in opposite directions and away from each other (concav
form with a convex upward). The middle part of the anticline is called the anticline core.

Siklin merupakan lembah lipatan yang kemiringan kedua sayapnya menuju ke suatu arah dan
saling mendekat (bentuk concav dengan cekungnya mengarah ke atas. Bagian tengah dari sinklin
disebut inti sinklin.
In the crease there is a so-called pivot field and a folding porosan. The pitch area is the split
between the wings of the folds in two. Separate flap is the cut line between the pitch plane and
the surface of the layer or it can be said that the folding axis is the axis line on the fold.

Tectonic forces will cause the rocks of the earth's crust, under a 'stressed' condition which in turn
causes the rock to change or deform. Plastic rocks, especially sedimentary rocks, are first folded
into folds

The folding skin of the earth's constituent rock can be regionally up to the size of a minor, large
folds covering a large area generally now appear as eroded crease surfaces, especially at the
highest part of the folds peaks as in the following figure images

The creases in the earth's crust will form the folds of the anticline and the cyclical folds and if on
the fold surface exhibits the inclination plane of all directions starting at the top point it is called
the dome, this form can be found in the Sangiran Sragen area of Central Java, on the other
hand if the slope of the surface The plane of the fold leads to one central point called the fold of
the basin.
B. STRUKTUR LIPATAN

The fold structure is one of the most common geological structures found
in clastic rock sediments, and is often found in volcanic and metamorphic rocks.
One characteristic of clastic sedimentary rocks is the encounter of the rock layer
formed during sedimentation. If we look at the rock outcrops in the field the
bedding has a varying plane, it depends on the tectonic background
Some Fold Elements

1. Plunge, the angle formed by the shaft horizontally on the vertical plane.
2. Core, part of a fold that is located around the fold axis.
3. Crest, the highest area of a crease is usually always found in anticlines
4. Pitch or Rake, the angle between the pivot and horizontal lines, measured on the
shaft plane.
5. Depression, the lowest area of the fold peak.
6. Culmination, the highest area of the apex fold.
7. Enveloping Surface, surface image (imaginary plane) through all the Hinge Line
of a crease.
8. Limb (wing), part of the fold located Downdip (wings starting from the
maximum curvature of anticline to hinge sinklin), or Updip (wings starting from
maximum curvature of sinklin to hinge anticline). The fold wings can be flat
(planar), curved (curve), or wavy (wave).
9. Fore Limb, steep wing on the symmetry folds.
10. Back Limb, sloping wings.
11. Hinge Point, the point which is the maximum curvature of a fold.
12. Hinge Line, the line connecting Hinge Point to a similar layer.
13. Hinge Zone, the area around Hinge Point.
14. Crestal Line, also called the pivot line, the imaginary line connecting the
highest points on each layer surface on an anticline.
Crestal Surface, also called Crestal Plane, is an imaginary surface in which all the
tops of a fold are located.
16. Trough, the lowest area in a crease, is always found in the syncline.
17. Trough Line, the imaginary line connecting the lowest points there is every
layer surface of a syncline.
18. Trough Surface, the field that passes through the Trough Line.
19. Axial Line, the imaginary line connecting the points of the maximum curvature
on each layer surface of a layer structure.
20. Axial Plane, the axis of the folds which divides the angle equally between the
wings of the folds.
Genetik

From the description that has been clearly described a form of fold caused by the
deformation. In this case the deformation takes place resulting in a curved shape of a plane of flat
and horizontal folding plane. With demkian outcrops of sedimentary rocks having a relative
slope of 0o or relatively flat it is assumed the rock has not yet undergone a deformation.

The folding structures on the side have varying sizes ranging from the smallest yag (micro fold)
to regional size (mega fold) also have various shapes. The existence of variations in size and
shape depends on the physical properties of the folded rock, the system of tegasan, and the
mechanism of its formation as well as the timing and bearing force that works.
Based on the genetic fold structure can be formed by tectonic and non tectonic. The
difference between the two is that the creases formed by tectonic activity are often regular
folding patterns, on the surface of the lining plane often found a number of slicken sides and
their formation after the rocks are formed.

BAB III

PENUTUP

1. Fold the movement of the layer of the earth that is not too large and lasts for a long time,
causing the crust of the earth wrinkled or folded.
2. Anticlines are the backs of the folds that tilt both wings in opposite directions and away
from each other (concav form with a convex upward). The middle part of the anticline is
called the anticline core.
3. The syncline is a folding valley that tilts both wings toward a direction and closer to each
other (concav form with a concave pointing upward) The center of the syncline is called
the syncline core.
4. 5. The process of folding in rock is influenced by: Temperature, Pressure, Nature of the
rock body itself (composition and texture).
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