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AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL DAMMAM

FACEBOOK USAGE AND ITS EFFECTS TO THE MALE JUNIOR

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL

SCHOOL DAMMAM PHILIPPINE CURRICULUM SY 2016-2017

A Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of the

Senior High School Department in

Al Majd International School Dammam

Dammam, K.S.A

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements in

Practical Research 1

By:

Leanne John O. Bautista

Timothy Edson S. Cocos

Erdy Joshua A. Dayrit

Daniel G. Petilo

March 2017

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Abstract

In the world nowadays, it is common to see people being surrounded with

their gadgets, scrolling through their laptops and smart phones browsing social

media websites particularly Facebook. Facebook was made to help students and

its users to socialize with other people and do urgent tasks online but due to many

negative effects, it does not help its users anymore if abused. Facebook must be

used in limited time and reasonable purpose to be productive. The problem is that

there are negative effects of using Facebook which can greatly affect the students

and the fact that it is left unsettled. The students may not be aware of the possible

consequences they may encounter with the irresponsible use of Facebook. The

growing problem needs to be solved to avoid acquiring the negative effects that

Facebook can bring to its users. After comparing the data gathered from the survey

and the literature and studies, the researchers conclude that 18 percent of the male

junior high school is addicted to Facebook and 15 percent are overly addicted to

it. The researchers found out that positive effects are more dominant to students

than the negative effects. The researchers conclude that one of the negative

effects of Facebook is distraction as supported by the result of the survey. The last

conclusion that the researchers have come up with is that one of the greatest

positive effect of Facebook to students is being updated on the news as supported

by the survey and the gathered references.

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Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

This chapter discusses the problem of the research and the background of

Facebook.

Introduction

In the world, nowadays, online interaction has vastly improved from basic

to advanced which contributed a huge effect on humans’ lives. The increasing

popularity of social media websites has affected how we interact with other people.

In February 2004, Mark Zuckerberg created Facebook originally for the use of

college students. Facebook is a social networking site that makes it easy for people

to connect and share with their family and friends online. Are you knowledgeable

about the positive and negative effects the social media websites, specifically

Facebook? For many, it has become an integral part of day-to-day life. Students

make use of Facebook for reasons such as to be updated on the latest news, to

read late announcement of their school management, to communicate with his/her

fellow students for group studies, and their relatives abroad.

Facebook was created with the concept of allowing its users to share their

common interest, but as time pass by, the website has lost its real purpose. We

cannot deny the fact that Facebook is helpful to students, but it can also become

addictive and a form of distraction to one’s studies. Too much time on the site has

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been correlated with bad grades, or student results. Instead of helping its users,

the use of Facebook turned into a waste of time and a reason for students to

procrastinate. As a matter of fact, Facebook is a very useful medium, that is, when

used within limits (Lam, 2012).

According to the article “Wasn’t This the Original Purpose of Facebook?”,

Facebook started as “a place for university students to gather on the web”. Now, it

is being used by almost all the people across the globe. There are “1.23 billion

accounts existing today” and “85% of College Students use Facebook”. Almost

every college student has a Facebook account. Every student always share plenty

of information ─ sometimes on Instagram, sometimes on Twitter but mostly

Facebook (Garun, 2012).

Fodeman takes the issue with Monroe’s claim of one final note: “The

Internet is constantly changing, as are the ways that kids are using it. Some middle

and high school students have begun to discover online live broadcast TV, known

as social broadcasting.” Anyone can stop by, enter a chat window, and

anonymously interact with the person broadcasting. “As you can imagine, without

any controls, standards or boundaries, this technology can have some serious

negative consequences for some children and teens.” (Fodeman & Monroe, n.d.).

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Background of the Study

When Facebook became popular, many students from different levels

started creating accounts. Facebook became popular because it was a good way

to socialize with other people. It even lets you comment on someone’s posts and

update your statuses in life. It is a very easy and dependable way to communicate

with the people you love that are far away from you. It is a very popular social

media. Facebook is an effective way to be connected with others and to make new

friends. Not only adults have Facebook accounts, but also the adolescents or even

kids nowadays have accounts.

The researchers chose this topic because Facebook is a trending social

media these days and is very common to teenage students. The researchers

would like to know the greatest up to the least effects of Facebook usage to the

male junior high school students and how much time they spent using Facebook

daily. The researchers would also like to know if there is a relation between the

time using Facebook and the effects felt. The chosen respondents for the research

study are the male junior high school students.

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Conceptual Framework

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows the relationship among the three variables. The researchers

used arrows to show that time allotted on Facebook gives both positive and

negative effects.

Statement of the Problem

The researchers seek to answer the following:

Main Problem:

Does spending more time affect how much positive and negative

effects the users feel?

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Specific Problems:

1.) What is the greatest and least positive effect that Facebook gives?

2.) What is the greatest and least negative effect that Facebook gives?

Hypothesis

Ho = There is no significant difference between the length of time in using

Facebook to its positive and negative effects

H1 = There is a significant difference between the length of time in using

Facebook to its positive and negative effects

Scope, Limitation and Delimitation of the Study

The researchers conducted a research that involved the male junior high

school students from Al Majd International School Dammam in the Eastern region

of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The number of respondents is 80 instead of 79

as computed by the Slovin’s Formula to make it an even number per grade level.

The questionnaire used for this research is a self-made questionnaire and not a

standardized one. The study covers the male junior high school students and their

opinion on Facebook. The interpretation of the teachers, students in other levels

and other population of the institution were not included in the study. The whole

population of Al Majd International School in Dammam is not covered making the

research limited, but still provide valuable information for the readers.

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Significance of the Study

This study is significant to the following:

 Government - This research will show the greatest negative effects that

Facebook will give to its users. Once the negative effects are shown, the

government can come up with a plan to mitigate or reduce these negative

effects.

 Community - Since most of the community use Facebook, this research

will serve as a warning to them about what harmful effects can give to its

users.

 School Administrators - This research will allow them to gain more

information about using Facebook that will harm the students.

 Teachers - This will allow them to know the effects of Facebook usage to

their students whether it may be positive or negative.

 Parents - This research will allow them to help their children who are

Facebook users and are students to reduce the amount of negative effects

that Facebook will give them by guiding them.

 Students - This will allow them to foresee what will happen to them if they

use Facebook irresponsibly.

 Future Researchers - this will become a basis for them for their research

if it will be regarding about Facebook too therefore making it easier for them

to get information, literature and the studies that they need.

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Definition of Terms

The following list of terms with given definitions are provided for the readers.

These terms are defined to let the readers understand more on the topic,

“Facebook Usage and Its Effects to The Male Junior High School Students In Al

Majd International School Dammam Philippine Curriculum SY 2016-2017”:

ADDICTION - Spending an excessive amount of time on Facebook. Typically, it

involves a person's Facebook use interfering with important activities in life, such

as work, school or maintaining relationships with family and friends.

AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL DAMMAM – The place where the survey

is conducted

BEHAVIOR - The manner of controlling oneself, especially towards others, on

social networking sites

COGNITIVE - Relating to the process of thinking, understanding, learning and

remembering certain information

COLLABORATE - To work together with a family member, friend, or group to

achieve or do something by internet

COMMUNICATION - The act of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to

express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, and feelings

to someone else

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DETRIMENTAL - The cause of someone’s information to be used and be altered

online as if it is owned by others

DISTRACTION - It is something that makes it difficult for most students to think

or pay attention to more important things; It makes the students take their mind

off of something they need to do or prevent them from doing it well

DIVERT - To take away the attention from someone who is persistent at

something by means of the social media

EFFECT - The negative and positive impact of Facebook to the students

FACEBOOK - It is a popular free social networking website that allows

registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and

keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues

JEOPARDY - Exposure to or imminence of danger or widespread of your own

information to netizens

MALE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS -The chosen respondents for the

research study

PER CAPITA - It is per unit of a population, by or for each person

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Chapter 2

Review of Related Literatures and Studies

The review of literature for this study focuses on the effects of Facebook to

all students around the world. The review focuses on the condition of both local

and foreign countries. The chapter begins with the effects of Facebook among

Filipino students, followed by the students around the world.

Knowing the helpful and adverse effects of Facebook is very important.

Having knowledge on the impact of it on Filipino students can help not only the

student themselves, but also the people to find ways to lessen its bad effects.

These adverse impacts are already noticeable in the country and may intensify

irrationally over time if nothing is done to reduce social awkwardness and

behavioral insecurities. Decisively dealing with responsible use and how much

time students must spend using Facebook, it will be the key to ensure that it will

be a help for their studies.

Knowing the effects of Facebook among students around the globe can give

a general statement for all nations and different cultures. It can help the next

generation and to find a solution out of the problems compromising the behavior

of students upon usage of Facebook.

Foreign Literature

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In the article “5 Great Reasons to Start Your Facebook Page Right Now” by

Andrea Vahl, People create their Facebook accounts to:

1. Connect. “Facebook allows you to contact your community every day and

remind them of your presence. Your post shows up in the News Feed of your

“Likers” and they are given the opportunity to interact with you. You are inviting

your target audience into your business every day. Facebook also allows you to

connect with people so they get to know you and your business better.” 2. Establish

Authority. “Facebook helps you establish yourself as an expert in your field. You

become the funnel of helpful information related to your niche that your community

needs.” 3. Brand themselves. “Facebook helps your branding. The more places

you are seen on the web with your consistent brand message, the more you will

be remembered. The playing field has been leveled. Everything about your

Facebook Page can add to your brand philosophy. Even the links to other sites

that you choose to share will help you brand yourself.” 4. To be Visible. “With some

recent Facebook Page changes, you can now comment on other pages as your

page and like other page’s posts.” 5. Be able to share.” Facebook makes it very

easy to pass good content around. People can share your links, your videos and

your pictures. So, if you post quality content from your site on your Facebook Page,

your community will provide you with valuable digital word-of-mouth advertising.”

(Vahl, 2011).

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In “The Positive and Negative Effects of Facebook”, Nick Barricela

discussed the advantages and disadvantages of using Facebook. Here are the

advantages: (1) Facebook helps you keep in touch with family and friends.

“Facebook is a great way to keep in touch with your family and friends that live far

away.” (2) It helps in making new friends. “Facebook makes meeting new people

extremely easy due to the fact that it allows you to add up to thousands of friends,

and acts as a social melting pot of the internet.” (3) Facebook allows you to express

yourself. “Facebook makes expressing yourself very simple with status updates.

Between showing off your favorite song lyrics, to posting pictures of your new outfit,

Facebook is the most common way that people express themselves these days.”

Here are the disadvantages: (1) Cyberbullying may happen in Facebook. “On

Facebook, it is very easy for cyber bullies to thrive. They can harass and/or gang

up on one person even easier than they could in a school environment. There

aren't moderators that go around monitoring what people say to each other.” (2)

Facebook may cause relationships to be ruined. “Facebook is notorious for

causing couples to break up. Let's face it, no one wants to see their

girlfriend/boyfriend telling other people that they look cute, or liking their pictures,

or instant messaging them constantly.” (3) It may serve as a distraction.” At the

end of the day you may have seen your cousin's new outfit or talked to your sister

who is in college, but you still haven't really accomplished anything in the hours

that you were on.” (4) It may be a cause of insecurity. “Facebook is a cause for

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insecurities due to the fact that it makes people compare themselves to others.”

(5) Facebook is stalker-friendly. “Facebook is a very stalker friendly website.

Theoretically, someone that you don't even know can say that they go to your

school, add you, and get all of your information (Barricella, 2012).

Dr. Brent Conrad, a Clinical Psychologist for Tech Addiction, discussed

twenty-one reasons why people are addicted to Facebook on “Why Is Facebook

Addictive?”. He said that one of the reasons is that because people have the

feeling that he or she “can’t miss out”. This means that for him/her “not being on

Facebook means missing out on online social interaction... and being left out of

real world activities.” Another reason why Facebook is addictive is to not feel alone.

“Feeling alone is something that many people experience from time to time. When

we have not had enough social contact with others feeling lonely is normal and

hopefully encourages us to seek out others.” Another reason why people are

addicted to Facebook is that it “Feeds the Essential Need For Human Connection.

Facebook allows us to connect with others.” “Family Contact” is another reason

why people are addicted to Facebook. Another reason is because people “appeal

to the info junkie in all of us. As humans, we have an inborn and insatiable desire

for knowledge and information - an infinite curiosity about the world around us.

From the day, we are born until the day we die, we are constantly looking for and

acquiring new information.” (Conrad, n.d.).

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Douglas T. Kendrick Ph.D., an author from Psychology Today, wrote the

article “7 Ways Facebook Is Bad for Your Mental Health”. The negative effects of

Facebook to the mental health are “(1) it can make you feel like your life isn’t as

cool as everyone else’s, (2) It can lead you to envy your friends’ successes, (3) It

can lead to a sense of false consensus, (4) It can keep you in touch with people

you’d really rather forget,(5) It can make you jealous of your current partner, (6) It

can reveal information you might not want to share with potential employers, (7)

and it can become addictive” (Kenrick, 2014).

The article “8 Ways Facebook Changed the World” by Kurt Wagner tells

how Facebook affects the way the world works after it was created. “Facebook

Changed How We Keep in Touch. Facebook has solidified itself as an important

tool for staying in touch with those you love, as well as those you met briefly.”

“Facebook Changed the Way We Share Our Lives. Your photos, your thoughts,

your favorite videos, movies, and books — what used to be personal is now

plastered on your social profile, and almost everyone is guilty of oversharing at

one point or another.” “Facebook Changed the Way We Consume Content.

Facebook users don’t just post about their personal lives; they also post news and

content that are important to them. Political news, sports scores, funny videos —

on Facebook, it’s all fair game.” “Facebook Changed the Way We View Privacy.

Facebook has lots of data, and it was collected from you.” “Facebook Changed

American Politics. President Barack Obama used the Internet, specifically

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Facebook to cruise past competitor John McCain in 2008.” “Facebook Changed

the Middle East. Facebook served as a place for rebel leaders to share news,

engage in discussion and ultimately recruit others to their cause.” “Facebook

Changed the Way People Are Bullied. Since Facebook’s inception, bullies have

used the social network to do their worst behind the protection of a computer

screen.” The last one is that “Facebook Changed the Way Businesses Interact with

Customers” (Wagner, 2014).

The article “What are the advantages and disadvantages of Facebook?” by

Heba Soffar states that the advantages of Facebook are: (1) Facebook is the most

popular social networking site of all time, it has helped a lot to cut down the physical

boundaries, and it has its many benefits for personal or for the business purposes.

(2) Facebook has experienced dramatic growth, it has good privacy setting as you

can start a video call, and upload the photos and the videos without charge. (3)

Facebook is free and it’s one of the best medium for communication, it can help

you connect to different people from anywhere in the world as almost every people

around the world use it. (4) Facebook helps you connect and share with the people

in your life, You can connect and find your old school friends and college friends,

you can connect with your relatives and you can make new friends on Facebook

from the different areas of world. (5) Facebook lets you connect to different people

from anywhere in the world. (6) Many people specially the students use Facebook

chat for group discussion, while some businesses use it for short meetings, it

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provides a simple and small chatting application that you can use to chat with your

friends. (7) You can sell a product or promote the products or the services, thus

you increase the possibilities of making money on the Internet. (8) You can

increase your brand value and social media presence for your business. (9)

Facebook provides many gaming and Facebook apps that you can use and enjoy

such as the photo editing, the horoscope, the stock analysis while some people

open Facebook only to play the games. (10) Facebook offers you an email address

which works just like Yahoo, Gmail, Outlook, and Hotmail, it allows you to send

and receive email with users both within and outside of the site. (11) Facebook is

a source of information and news, It is one of the best sources to stay updated with

the latest news and updates, you will not miss the important updates (Soffar,

2016).

Local Literature

Caren Rose Magdaong expressed her thoughts on how useful Facebook

is to Filipino students:

“Facebook has been a big trend to Filipinos especially to students.

Facebook has already made a huge impact to people even if it just been known to

the Philippines for the last two years. It is now the leading social network site in

terms of popularity and active users. It also contains entertaining tools and

applications that enhance users’ intellectual and social capacity. However, how did

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these useful contents caused addiction and contributed negative effects to Filipino

students? The answer is in the definition of addiction and the nature of the

Philippines society” (Rose, 2010).

ABS-CBN News’s article, “Are You a Facebook Addict?”, discusses the

basis of knowing if people are Facebook addicts or not. According to them you are

a Facebook addict if: “(1) you lose sleep over Facebook, (2) you spend more than

an hour a day on Facebook, (3) you become obsessed with old loves or exes you

reconnect with on Facebook, (4) you ignore work in favor of Facebook or if (5) the

thought of getting off Facebook leaves you in cold sweat” (ABS-CBN News, 2009).

Chinie Diaz asserts her thoughts on how Facebook is ruining the peoples

loves in the Philippines on the article “3 Ways Facebook is Ruining Our Lives”:

“(1) Facebook hurts productivity. I’ll be honest. I almost didn’t write this

article because I was having a hard time tearing myself away from playing Candy

Crush Saga. (2) Facebook makes us eat more than we should. Apparently, you’re

less likely to say no to yourself when you’re feeling good, so the combination of

food porn + resulting hunger pangs + happy social media time is a surefire way to

Facebook yourself into fatness. (3) Facebook makes us feel less satisfied with our

lives. Facebook can enhance self-esteem, but interestingly, it seems that this

happens only when your Facebook activity is focused on your own profile and

updates” (Diaz, 2013).

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Paul Agabin in “Buying Facebook Likes – Advantages and Disadvantages”,

a Philippine article, enumerates the advantages and disadvantages of liking in

Facebook regarding business. The advantages are “(1) It will create an instant

buzz about your product,(2) the high number of likes will help you in your efforts to

establish a brand,(3) your products’ and services’ credibility will be boosted, and

(4) you will no longer need to wait for decades before getting the desired number

of likes” while the disadvantages are “(1) no real interest on your products and

services and (2) you do not have a market there, just a paid audience” (Agabin,

2017).

“How do Social Networking Sites Affect Students?” by Adam Parnala talks

about how social networking sites, including Facebook, affects the students. He

said that:

“Facebook, Twitter, and Google+ were only a few of the tons of the sites out

there that caters the need of people. Through Social Media, people has the chance

to combine work and relaxation. However, did you ever encounter the question

how do Facebook affect your life? What are the benefits a student can get by using

Social Networking Sites? Here are some points: (1) Get in touch with your loved

ones, relatives, and friends, (2) get to know the latest news and issues, (3)

participate in online discussions, (4) communicate with your classmates, (5) be

reminded of assignments, projects, and quizzes, (6) conduct group meetings for

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group projects and announcements, and (7) get the latest status and messages of

your friends through the News Feed.” (Parnala, 2012)

Foreign Studies

Michael Bugeja, author of the Oxford University Press Text Interpersonal

Divide, came up with a realization towards the effects of Facebook to students:

“As of February 2012, only four published peer-reviewed studies have

examined the relationship between Facebook use and grades. “representatives of

the American Association of University Professors and colleagues in higher

education to document the distraction of students using Facebook and other social

networks during class and at other venues in the wireless campus. Furthermore,

using technologies such as Facebook to connect with others can help college

students be less depressed and cope with feelings of loneliness and

homesickness” (Wikipedia, n.d.).

Professor Craig Fox shared his concern with the disadvantages of

Facebook among American students:

“I am worried that the shorter attention-grabbing bursts of communication

on Facebook could be taken as a detrimental model for all communications. Nearly

85 percent of American students log on to Facebook every day. The social

networking site has become an addiction for many. Instead of students

concentrating on their homework or studying for a big test the next day, they are

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spending hours looking through pictures, answering their page comments, and

chatting with friends on the site’s instant messenger. Facebook has consumed

good grades and face-to-face communication is in jeopardy” (Craig, 2014).

In “Is social media harming our mental health, researchers wonder?”, we

learn that with more than 800 million users accessing Facebook regularly, and

roughly 425 million accessing the site using a mobile device, the service’s reach

has become all-encompassing. There are 18 million Canadians on Facebook —

more than half our population. More than 12 million of us visit the site daily. On a

per-capita basis, Canada has the highest number of Facebook users in the world.

The average Canadian has 225 “friends” on the social network, though recent

studies from the University of Waterloo have shown that as many as half of our

“friends” are people we don’t even really know. (Pilieci, 2012).

Neil Selwyn, of London Knowledge Lab, Institute of Education, University

of London, London, UK shares his thoughts of the effects of Facebook among

Malaysian students:

“Statistics reveal that Malaysia is among the top five countries in terms of

number of Facebook accounts created. Social learning theories have explained

that three factors such as individual learners, peers, and situations, potentially

affect individuals' learning outcomes. For instance, social learning theory, which is

also known as social cognitive learning, affirms the significant of learning via

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observation and modelling. To add on, this theory basically explains how the

environmental and cognitive components collaborate to

affect an individual learning and behavior pattern” (Selwyn, 2011).

Suzanne Choney shared her thoughts about the effects of Facebook to

Dutch students:

“A Dutch study says that college students who are on Facebook while

studying or doing homework wind up getting 20 percent lower grades than

students who don't have the social networking site in visual range, or even

running in the background on their computers or mobile phones. The problem is

that most people have Facebook or other social networking sites, their e-mails

and maybe instant messaging constantly running in the background while they

are carrying out other tasks” (Choney, 2010).

Local Studies

According to “Social Media in the Philippines is Widespread, but what is Its

Impact?” in 1992, the Philippines long had a terrible reputation for

telecommunications. Fast forward to the present, and Filipinos have Facebook

being used by more than 25 percent of the population – ranking 8th in the world,

while other social media networks (such as Twitter) are rapidly growing in

popularity. In September 2011, the Philippine Trust Index, commissioned by EON

The Stakeholder Firm, was released. The study revealed that 68 percent of the

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respondents view online news sites as the most trusted sources of news and

information while 49 percent trust social networking sites (Rood, Steven, & Tapnio,

2011).

According to “The Impact of Facebook Addiction on Academic Performance

of Filipino Students”, Facebook has paved the way for a faster, more comfortable

and efficient social interaction. Even though many social networking sites

preceded it, Facebook is the current biggest social networking site with over six

hundred million users worldwide and it has an annual growth of 45.2%. In addition,

Facebook has more than 28 million users in the Philippines which ranks no. 8 in

Facebook statistics by country. Unfortunately, Filipino students have abused the

advantages that Facebook extends to them and they have been using it without

caution and moderation. Eventually, Facebook has greatly affected their academic

lives (Dela Peña, 2012).

J. Datu, N. Datu, and Rungduin shared their views about the harms

Facebook provide for Filipino students:

“Facebook have caused some potential harm to society. The Filipino

students become victims of social networks more often than anyone else. This is

because of the reason that when they are studying or searching their course

material online, they get attracted to these sites to kill the boredom in their study

time, diverting their attention from their work. Not only do grades and finances

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suffer, but students might actually end up feeling more depressed or lonely. Almost

half of students believe they are sadder than their friends on Facebook, and 25%

of college students have shown signs of severe depression in their status updates

at one time or another” (Jesus Alfonso Datu).

TJ Dimacali, a writer in GMA News TV, expressed his thoughts about the

impacts of Facebook to students’ social behavior:

“The Philippines has a higher density of Facebook users than many

Southeast Asian countries, and Filipino Facebook users seem evenly distributed

across the country. Also, social media may have a positive impact on students'

sense of themselves in the community. Social media-using students were twice as

likely as other students to feel well-liked by their peers and to participate in

extracurricular activities. And 20% more of Facebook-using students as compared

to students who didn't use Facebook said they felt connected to their school and

community. But with around 96% of all Filipino students on Facebook, only the

most dedicated academics would consider giving up social media for a slightly

better grade” (Dimacali, 2010).

Genevieve Molina’s article, “Harvard: Pinoy Facebook Users are Among the

Most Unintelligent People”, states her study about Filipinos being one of the

dumbest Facebook users. It is said that:

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“Out of 4,823,330 likes to posts with external links, only 957,980 (19.87%)

are actually reading before liking. This means that 80.13% are just hitting the “like”

button without knowing what’s in the links and without reading the article. There

are several reasons why people are doing this. They might be clueless, ignorant,

brainless, dumb, dull, unintelligent, or just don’t know what they are doing. Another

disturbing statistic reveals that most Filipino users are sharing horrific images like

accidents, killings, child abuse, and other horrendous images that is not shared by

people who understands its effects. It seems Filipino users don’t know the meaning

of human rights and etiquette. Out of 6,020,958 terrible images shared around the

world on Facebook daily, 951,311 (15.8%) are shared by Filipino users from inside

and outside the Philippines. 951,311 comprises 4.36% of daily active Filipino

users” (Molina, 2014).

Synthesis

The reviews of related literature and studies revealed that Facebook

problems are being experienced by different countries. They also discuss the

advantages and disadvantages of using Facebook and why people create

Facebook accounts in the first place. The foreign and local studies show statistics

of Facebook usage and its effects to the countries of the world. The common

problems Facebook gives are: concentration stability, bad grades correlated to

using Facebook, and countless procrastination. Students from Netherlands have

been examined and revealed that the use of Facebook lowers their academic

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performance by 20%. On the other hand, Facebook has been a big help for Filipino

students since it helps them avoid being homesick. They can still communicate

with their loved ones despite being separated physically. Also, they use the

website to look for friends, and even boost their self-confidence towards interacting

with the people they meet. This study gives additional knowledge for the teenagers

who are unaware of the effects of Facebook to students.

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Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the methods of research used to get the information

needed by the researchers.

Research Method

The research method used in this research is the descriptive correlational

study. The descriptive correlational study is a quantitative method of research used

to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied and tries

to determine if there is a relationship or covariation between the variables in the

study.

Population, Sampling Size and Sampling Technique

The people chosen to be the respondents of the research study, “Facebook

Usage and Its Effects to The Male Junior High School Students in Al Majd

International School Dammam Philippine Curriculum SY 2016-2017” are the Male

Junior High School Students from Al Majd International School. The overall

number of the population is 99, ranging from 12-19 years of age.

Slovin's formula was used in statistical analysis as a tool to determine the

sample size of a population that must be taken for a specific study. This formula

was used to find out what the sample size is. The Slovin’s formula showed that the

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AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL DAMMAM

required number of respondents to make this study valid, since the male junior

high school students in Al Majd International School Dammam is 99, is 79.

The sampling technique used in this study is the random sampling. In this

technique, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

as a subject. The entire process of sampling is done in a single step with each

subject selected independently of the other members of the population. The

representatives for each class depended on whether the questionnaire will reach

them or not.

Description of Respondents

All the respondents of the research study who answered our questionnaires

about a survey on “Facebook Usage and Its Effects to The Male Junior High School

Students in Al Majd International School Dammam Philippine Curriculum SY 2016-

2017” are the students of Grade 7-10 boys of Al Majd International School

Dammam whose ages range from 12-19 years old. The number of respondents is

80. The researchers chose this range because these people more likely have a

Facebook account than students in the lower years and they have been using

Facebook for a long time which makes them more knowledgeable about it.

Research Instrument

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AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL DAMMAM

The research used the questionnaire as its instrument because it involves

on collecting information, usually from groups of people, by means of

questionnaires. The researchers selected a sample of respondents from a

population and administers a self-made questionnaire to them. The researchers

used this to obtain information for the research. This method enables the

respondents to take their time, think about it and come back to the questionnaire

later. Participants can state their views in relation to Facebook privately without

worrying about the possible reaction of the researcher. Unfortunately, few of the

students may still be inclined to try to give socially acceptable answers. Students

should be encouraged to answer the questions as honestly as possible to avoid

drawing false conclusions from the study. The researchers used this method to

gather most accurate data about the effects of Facebook to them.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data of the research study was congregated by surveys. The survey

method studies the sampling of individual units from a population and the

associated survey data collection techniques, such as questionnaire construction

and methods for improving the number and accuracy of responses to surveys. The

researchers should recognize and understand the reflection of the respondents

towards the topic or idea. This procedure helps to get the story behind a

participant’s experiences. The researcher can pursue in-depth information around

the topic.

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The collected data answers the following questions: 1.) How many are

Facebook addicts? 2.) Is Facebook more of an advantage or disadvantage to

students? 3.) What is the greatest and the least effect that students feel?

Statistical Treatment of Data

The Statistical Treatment used in this study is the analysis of variance or the

ANOVA. It is a collection of statistical models used to analyze the differences

among group means and their associated procedures such as variation among

and between group. It was developed by statistician and evolutionary biologist

Ronald Fisher. In the ANOVA setting, the observed variance in a variable is

partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation. ANOVA

provides a statistical test of whether the means of several groups are equal, and

therefore generalizes the t-test to more than two groups. ANOVAs are useful for

comparing or testing three or more means that can be groups or variables for

statistical significance. The ANOVA is solved by the following:

1. Degree of Freedom

A. Degree of Freedom Within B. Degree of Freedom Between

N – K = 237 K–1=2

C. Degree of Freedom Total

(N-K) + (K-1) = 239

N = Number of Population=240 K = Number of Variables=3

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2. Sum of Square Within and Total

∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2

Mean Total:
𝐺
Mean Total = 𝑁 =41.63

Sum of Square Between = SStotal – SSwithin

x = Age, positive and negative effects 𝑥̅ = Mean Total

G = Total Score=9990 N= Number of Population=240

3. Variance Between and Variance Within

𝑆𝑆𝐵 𝑆𝑆𝑊
MSSB = 𝐷𝐹𝐵 =18015.99 MSSW = 𝐷𝐹𝑊 =1516.93

𝑀𝑆𝑆𝐵
4. F value = 𝑀𝑆𝑆𝑊= 11.88

Another statistical treatment used is the Mean to get the total percentage of the

desired information or data. It is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the

number of numbers in the collection. This is solved by the following:

ΣΧ
𝑥̅ =
𝑁

̅ = Mean
𝒙

𝚺𝚾 = Summation of the score

𝑵 = Total number of scores or population

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To get the sample size of the population, the Slovin’s Formula was used. The

data is solved by the following:

𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒 2

𝒏 = The number of samples needed

𝑵 = The total number of participants =99

𝒆 = Margin of error

𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 is used for the margin of error.

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Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter provides the data gathered from the survey conducted through the

questionnaire given to the junior high school boys of Al Majd International School

Dammam.

1.) How much time do you spend using Facebook?

Table 1.1: Time Spent Using Facebook by Grade 7

Time Total Rank Percentage


Below 10 min 3 3 15.00%
10 - 29 min 9 1 45.00%
30 min - 1 hr. 4 2 20.00%
More than 1 hr. 2 4.5 10.00%
More than 3 hrs. 2 4.5 10.00%
Total 20 100.00%

Time Spent Using Facebook by


Grade 7
10% 15%
10%

20%

45%

Below 10 min 10-29 min


30 min-1 hr More than 1 hr
More than 3 hrs

Figure 2.1

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Table 1.1 and Figure 2.1 shows how much time the grade 7 boys spend

using Facebook daily. It shows that 45% of them use Facebook for 10-29 minutes

and 10% use Facebook for more than 1 hour and another 10% use Facebook for

even more than 3 hours.

Table 1.2: Time Spent Using Facebook by Grade 8

Time Total Rank Percentage


Below 10 min 3 4 15.00%
10 - 29 min 3 4 15.00%
30 min - 1 hr 6 1 30.00%
More than 1 hr 5 2 25.00%
More than 3 hrs 3 4 15.00%
Total 20 100.00%

Time Spent Using Facebook by Grade 8

15% 15%

15%
25%

30%

Below 10 min 10 - 29 min 30 min - 1 hr


More than 1 hr More than 3 hrs

Figure 2.2

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Table 1.2 and Figure 2.2 shows how much time the grade 8 boys spend on

Facebook daily. It shows that 30% of them use Facebook for 30 minutes to one

hour. 15% use it more than 3 hours, 15% use it below 10 minutes and another 15

% for 10 to 29 minutes

Table 1.3: Time Spent Using Facebook by Grade 9

Time Total Rank Percentage


Below 10 min 0 5 0.00%
10 - 19 min 5 2.5 22.73%
30 min - hr 8 1 36.36%
More than 1 hr 4 4 18.18%
More than 3 hrs 5 2.5 22.73%
Total 22 100.00%

Time Spent Using Facebook by Grade 9

0%
22.73% 22.73%

18.18%

36.36%

Below 10 min 10 - 19 min 30 min - hr


More than 1 hr More than 3 hrs

Figure 2.3

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Table 1.3 and Figure 2.3 shows how much time the grade 9 boys spend on

Facebook daily. It shows that 36.36% of them use Facebook for 30 minutes to one

hour a day. None of them use Facebook below 10 minutes.

Table 1.4: Time Spent Using Facebook by Grade 10

Time Total Rank Percentage


Below 10 min 3 3 16.67%
10 - 19 min 3 3 16.67%
30 min - hr 7 1 38.89%
More than 1 hr 3 3 16.67%
More than 3 hrs 2 5 11.11%
Total 18 100.01%

Time Spent Using Facebook by Grade 10

11.11%
16.67%

16.67%
16.67%

38.89%

Below 10 min 10 - 19 min 30 min - hr


More than 1 hr More than 3 hrs

Figure 2.4

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Table 1.4 and Figure 2.4 shows how much time the grade 10 students

spend using Facebook daily. It shows that 38.89% of them use Facebook for 30

minutes to one hour. Only 5% of them use Facebook for more than 3 hours.

Table 1.5: Time Spent Using Facebook by the Male Junior High School

Time Total Rank Percentage


Below 10 min 9 5 11.25%
10-29 min 20 2 25.00%
30 min-1 hr 25 1 31.25%
more than 1 hr 14 3 17.50%
more than 3 hrs 12 4 15.00%
Total 80 100.00%

Time Spent Using Facebook by the


Male Junior Highschool
15% 11.25%

17.50% 25%

31.25%

Below 10 min 10-29 min 30 min-1 hr

More than 1 hr More than 3 hrs

Figure 2.5

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Table 1.5 and Figure 2.5 shows how much time the respondents from the

male junior high school spend daily using Facebook. It shows that 11% of the

respondents use Facebook for only below 10 minutes a day. 25% of the

respondents use Facebook for approximately 10 to 29 minutes each day. 31% or

majority of the respondents use Facebook for 30 minutes to an hour daily. 18%

stated that they use Facebook for more than an hour daily, however, 15% use

Facebook for even more than 3 hours daily. It shows just how time-consuming

Facebook can be to its users.

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2.) Rank the following effects of Facebook usage. (10 as the highest)

Table 2.1: Positive Effects of Facebook for Grade 7

Positive Effects Total Rank Percentage


Making new friends 124 4 19.22%
Expressing yourself 109 5 16.90%
Being updated on the news 146 1 22.64%
Being connected to old friends 132 3 20.47%
Strengthen relationships 134 2 20.78%
Total 645 100.01%

Positive Effects of Facebook for Grade 7


160

140

120

100

80
146
124 132 134
60
109
40

20

0
Making new Expressing Being updated Being connected Strengthen
friends yourself on the news to old friends relationships

Figure 3.1
Table 2.1 and Figure 3.1 shows the positive effects of Facebook for the

grade 7 boys. It shows that the greatest positive that Facebook gives is being

updated on the news. The weakest positive effect for them is it helps them express

themselves.

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Table 2.2: Positive Effects of Facebook for Grade 8

Positive Effects Total Rank Percentage


Making new friends 127 3 20.85%
Expressing yourself 88 5 14.45%
Being updated on the news 140 2 22.99%
Being connected to old friends 113 4 18.56%
Strengthen relationships 141 1 23.15%
Total 609 100.00%

Positive Effects of Facebook for Grade 8


160

140

120

100

80
140 141
60 127
113
40 88

20

0
Making new Expressing Being updated Being Strengthen
friends yourself on the news connected to relationships
old friends

Figure 3.2
Table 2.2 and Figure 3.2 shows the positive effects of Facebook for the

grade 8 boys. It shows that the greatest positive effect of Facebook is it strengthens

relationships. The weakest positive effect for them is it helps them express

themselves.

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Table 2.3: Positive Effects of Facebook for Grade 9

Positive Effects Total Rank Percentage


Making new friends 122 3 19.68%
Expressing yourself 104 5 16.77%
Being updated on the news 160 1 25.81%
Being connected to old friends 125 2 20.16%
Strengthen relationships 109 4 17.58%
Total 620 100.00%

Positive Effects of Facebook for Grade 9


180

160

140

120

100

80 160
60 122 125
104 109
40

20

0
Making new Expressing Being updated Being Strengthen
friends yourself on the news connected to relationships
old friends

Figure 3.3
Table 2.3 and Figure 3.3 shows the positive effects of Facebook for the

grade 9 boys. It shows that the greatest positive effect of Facebook is being

updated on the news. The weakest positive effect for them is it helps them express

themselves.

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Table 2.4: Positive Effects of Facebook for Grade 10

Positive Effects Total Rank Percentage


Making new friends 109 4 19.26%
Expressing yourself 116 2 20.49%
Being updated on the news 113 3 19.96%
Being connected to old friends 105 5 18.55%
Strengthen relationships 123 1 21.73%
Total 566 99.99%

Positive Effects of Facebook for Grade 10


125

120

115

110
123
105 116
113
109
100 105

95
making new expressing being updated being strengthen
friends yourself on the news connected to relationships
old friends

Figure 3.4
Table 2.4 and Figure 3.4 shows the positive effects of Facebook for the

grade 10 boys. It shows that the greatest positive effect of Facebook is it

strengthens relationships. The weakest positive effect for them is it helps them

become connected to old friends.

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AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL DAMMAM

Table 2.5: Positive Effects of Facebook for the Male Junior High School

Positive Effects Total Rank Percentage


Making new friends 482 3 19.75%
Expressing yourself 417 5 17.09%
Being updated on the news 559 1 22.91%
Being connected to old friends 475 4 19.47%
Strengthen relationships 507 2 20.78%
Total 2440 100.00%

Positive Effects of Facebook for the Male Junior High School


600
500
400
300
559 507
200
482 417 475
100
0
making new expressing being updated being strengthen
friends yourself on the news connected to relationships
old friends

Figure 3.5
Table 2.5 and Figure 3.5 shows the greatest up to the weakest positive

effects of Facebook for the students. It is shown that the greatest positive effect of

Facebook is being updated on the news. The second greatest positive effect is it

strengthens relationships. The next greatest effect is that it lets them make new

friends. The second to the weakest positive effect is that it lets them become

connected to old friends and the weakest positive effect that Facebook can give

for the students is it lets them express themselves.

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Table 2.6: Negative Effects of Facebook for Grade 7

Negative Effects Total Rank Percentage


Addiction 85 3 18.68%
Distraction 107 1 23.52%
Cyberbullying 81 5 17.80%
Insecurity 83 4 18.24%
Ruin relationships 99 2 21.76%
Total 455 100.00%

Negative Effects of Facebook for Grade 7


120

100

80

60
107
99
40 85 81 83

20

0
addiction distraction cyberbullying insecurity ruin
relationships

Figure 3.6
Table 2.6 and Figure 3.6 shows the negative effects of Facebook for the

grade 7 boys. It shows that the greatest negative effect of Facebook is it serves as

a distraction to them. The weakest negative effect for them is cyberbullying.

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Table 2.7: Negative Effects of Facebook for Grade 8

Negative Effects Total Rank Percentage


Addiction 91 4 18.42%
Distraction 104 2 21.05%
Cyberbullying 118 1 23.89%
Insecurity 86 5 17.41%
Ruin relationships 95 3 19.23%
Total 494 100.00%

Negative Effects of Facebook for Grade 8


140

120

100

80

60 118
104
91 95
40 86

20

0
addiction distraction cyberbullying insecurity ruin
relationships

Figure 3.7
Table 2.7 and Figure 3.7 shows the negative effects of Facebook for the

grade 8 boys. It shows that the greatest negative effect of Facebook is

cyberbullying. The weakest negative effect for them is insecurity.

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Table 2.8: Negative Effects of Facebook for Grade 9

Negative Effects Total Rank Percentage


Addiction 140 1 23.73%
Distraction 121 2 20.51%
Cyberbullying 112 3 18.98%
Insecurity 108 5 18.31%
Ruin relationships 109 4 18.47%
Total 590 100.00%

Negative Effects of Facebook for Grade 9


160

140

120

100

80
140
60 121 112 108 109
40

20

0
addiction distraction cyberbullying insecurity ruin
relationships

Figure 3.8
Table 2.8 and Figure 3.8 shows the negative effects of Facebook for the

grade 9 boys. It shows that the greatest negative effect of Facebook is addiction.

The weakest negative effect for them is insecurity.

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Table 2.9: Negative Effects of Facebook for Grade 10

Negative Effects Total Rank Percentage


Addiction 81 3 19.10%
Distraction 110 1 25.94%
Cyberbullying 70 5 16.51%
Insecurity 75 4 17.69%
Ruin relationships 88 2 20.75%
Total 424 99.99%

Negative Effects of Facebook for Grade 10


120

100

80

60
110
40 81 88
70 75

20

0
addiction distraction cyberbullying insecurity ruin
relationships

Figure 3.9
Table 2.9 and Figure 3.9 shows the negative effects of Facebook for the

grade 10 boys. It shows that the greatest negative effect of Facebook is distraction.

The weakest negative effect for them is cyberbullying.

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Table 2.10: Negative Effects of Facebook of the Male Junior High School

Negative Effects Total Rank Percentage


Addiction 397 2 20.22%
Distraction 442 1 22.52%
Cyberbullying 381 4 19.41%
Insecurity 352 5 17.93%
Ruin relationships 391 3 19.92%
Total 1963 100.00%

Negative Effects of Facebook of the Male Junior High School


500
450
400
350
300
250
442
200 397 381 391
352
150
100
50
0
addiction distraction cyberbullying insecurity ruin
relationships

Figure 3.10

Table 2.10 and Figure 3.10 shows the greatest up to the weakest negative

effects of Facebook for the students. The table and figure show that the greatest

negative effect of Facebook according to students is distraction. Facebook

distracts them from the things that they should prioritize. The next greatest effect

is addiction. The third greatest effect shown in the table and figure is that it ruins

relationships when Facebook activities like posting, sharing, liking and giving

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AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL DAMMAM

comments are misinterpreted. The second to the weakest effect is cyberbullying.

Finally, the weakest negative effect of Facebook according to the students is

insecurity by comparing themselves to others that they see on Facebook.

Table 2.11: Effects of Facebook for Grade 7


Effects Total Rank Percentage
Making new friends 124 4 11.27%
Expressing yourself 109 5 9.91%
Being updated on the news 146 1 13.27%
Being connected to old friends 132 3 12.00%
Strengthen relationships 134 2 12.18%
Addiction 85 8 7.73%
Distraction 107 6 9.73%
Cyberbullying 81 10 7.36%
Insecurity 83 9 7.55%
Ruin relationships 99 7 9.00%
Total 1100 100.00%

Effects of Facebook for Grade 7


160 146
132 134
140 124
120 109 107
99
100 85 81 83
80
60
40
20
0

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Figure 3.11
Table 2.11 and Figure 3.11 shows both positive and negative effects of

Facebook for the grade 7 boys. It shows that the greatest effect of Facebook is it helps

them become updated to the news. The weakest effect of Facebook is cyberbullying.

Table 2.12: Effects of Facebook for Grade 8


Effects Total Rank Percentage
making new friends 127 3 11.52%
expressing yourself 88 9 7.98%
being updated on the news 140 2 12.69%
being connected to old friends 113 5 10.24%
strengthen relationships 141 1 12.78%
addiction 91 8 8.25%
distraction 104 6 9.43%
cyberbullying 118 4 10.70%
insecurity 86 10 7.80%
ruin relationships 95 7 8.61%
Total 1103 100.00%

Effects of Facebook for Grade 8


160 140 141
140 127
113 118
120 104
88 91 95
100 86
80
60
40
20
0

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Figure 3.12
Table 2.12 and Figure 3.12 shows both positive and negative effects of
Facebook for the grade 8 boys. It shows that the greatest effect of Facebook is it
strengthens relationships. The weakest effect of Facebook is insecurity.

Table 2.13: Effects of Facebook for Grade 9


Effects Total Rank Percentage
making new friends 122 4 10.08%
expressing yourself 104 10 8.60%
being updated on the news 160 1 13.22%
being connected to old friends 125 3 10.33%
strengthen relationships 109 7.5 9.01%
addiction 140 2 11.57%
distraction 121 5 10.00%
cyberbullying 112 6 9.26%
insecurity 108 9 8.93%
ruin relationships 109 7.5 9.01%
Total 1210 100.01%

Effects of Facebook for Grade 9


180 160
160 140
140 122 125 121
120 104 109 112 108 109
100
80
60
40
20
0

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Figure 3.13
Table 2.13 and Figure 3.13 shows both positive and negative effects of
Facebook for the grade 9 boys. It shows that the greatest effect of Facebook is
being updated on the news. The weakest effect of Facebook is expressing
yourself.

Table 2.14: Effects of Facebook for Grade 10


Effects Total Rank Percentage
making new friends 109 5 11.01%
expressing yourself 116 2 11.72%
being updated on the news 113 3 11.41%
being connected to old friends 105 6 10.61%
strengthen relationships 123 1 12.42%
addiction 81 8 8.18%
distraction 110 4 11.11%
cyberbullying 70 10 7.07%
insecurity 75 9 7.58%
ruin relationships 88 7 8.89%
Total 990 100.00%

Effects of Facebook for Grade 10


140 123
109 116 113 110
120 105
100 81 88
70 75
80
60
40
20
0

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Figure 3.14
Table 2.14 and Figure 3.14 shows both positive and negative effects of

Facebook for the grade 10 boys. It shows that the greatest effect of Facebook is it

strengthens relationships. The weakest effect of Facebook is cyberbullying.

Table 2.15: Effects of Facebook for the Male Junior High School
Effects Total Rank Percentage
addiction 397 7 9.02%
distraction 442 5 10.04%
cyberbullying 381 9 8.65%
insecurity 352 10 7.99%
ruin relationships 391 8 8.88%
making new friends 482 3 10.95%
expressing yourself 417 6 9.47%
being updated on the news 559 1 12.70%
being connected to old friends 475 4 10.79%
strengthen relationships 507 2 11.51%
TOTAL 4403 100.00%

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Effects of Facebook for the Male Junior High School


600 559
482 507
475
500 442 417
397 381 391
400 352
300

200

100

Figure 3.15
Table 2.15 and Figure 3.15 shows both positive and negative effects of

Facebook for the male junior high school from greatest up to the weakest. It shows

that the greatest effect of Facebook is being updated on the news. The next effect

of Facebook is it strengthens relationships, followed by it makes them have new

friends, being connected to old friends, distraction, expressing yourself, addiction,

ruins relationships and cyberbullying. The weakest effect of Facebook for the male

junior high school is expressing yourself.

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Table 2.16: Positive Effects Depending on Time Spent

Time Positive Effects (greatest to weakest)


Below being strengthen make new connect old expressing
10 min updated relationships friends friends yourself
on the 56 55 54 50
news
57
10-29 being strengthen make new connect old expressing
min updated relationships friends friends yourself
on the 155 137 127 106
news
161
30min- being connect old strengthen make new expressing
1 hr updated friends relationships friends yourself
on the 151 143 142 127
news
170
More making being connect old strengthen expressing
than 1 new updated on friends relationship yourself
hr friends the news 83 78 72
88 85
More being strengthen expressing connect old friends &
than 3 updated relationships yourself make new friends
hrs on the 75 60 60
news
86

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AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL DAMMAM

Figure 3.16: Positive Effects Figure 3.17: Positive Effects


below 10 min 10-29 min
58 57 180
161
160
56
140
54 120 106
100
52
80
50
50 60
40
48
20
46 0
being updated on expressing yourself being updated on epressing yourself
the news the news
Positive Effects below 10 min Positive Effects 10-29 min

Figure 3.18: Positive Effects Figure 3.19: Positive Effects


30 min-1 hr more than 1 hr
180 170 100
88
160 90
140 127 80 72
120 70
100 60
80 50
60 40
40 30
20 20
0 10
being updated on epressing yourself 0
the news making new friends expressing yourself
Positive Effects 30 min-1 hr Positive Effects more than 1 hr

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Figure 3.20: Positive Effects


more than 3 hrs
100
86
90
80
70 60
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
being updated on connect old friends
the news & making new
friends
Positive Effects more than 3 hrs

Table 2.16 and Figures 3. 16 to 3.20 show the positive effects of Facebook

according to the time spent by the users from weakest to greatest. For students

using Facebook below 10 minutes up to one hour, the greatest and weakest

positive effect received is being updated on the news and expressing yourself. The

students who use Facebook for more than one hour a day receive making new

friends as the greatest positive effect and expressing yourself as the weakest one.

For students who use Facebook for more than 3 hours have being updated on the

news as the greatest positive effect and connecting to old friends and making new

friends as the weakest positive effect.

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AL MAJD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL DAMMAM

Table 2.17: Negative Effects Depending on Time Spent

Time Negative Effects (greatest to weakest)

Below addiction distraction ruin insecurity cyberbullying


10 min 53 49 relationship 40 39
42
10-29 distract- insecurity ruin cyberbull addiction
min ion 88 relationship ying 74
92 83 77
30min- addiction distraction ruin cyberbull insecurity
1 hr 147 137 relationship ying 103
132 126
More distract- cyberbully- addiction insecurity ruin
than 1 ion ing 68 67 relationship
hr 98 80 51
More ruin distraction addiction insecurity cyberbullying
than 3 relations- 66 55 54 52
hrs hip
83

Figure 3.21: Negative Figure 3.22: Negative


Effects below 10 min Effects 10-29 min
100 92
60
53 90
50 80 74
39 70
40 60
50
30
40
20 30
20
10 10
0
0
distraction addiction
addiction cyberbullying
Negative Effects below 10 min Negative Effects 10-29 min

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Figure 3.23: Negative Figure 3.24: Negative


Effects 30 min-1 hr Effects more than 1 hr
160 147 120

140
100
120
103
80
100

80 60

60
40
40
20
20

0 0
addiction insecurity distraction ruin relationships
Negative Effects 30 min-1 hr Negative Effects more than 1 hr

Figure 3.25: Negative


Effects more than 3 hrs
90 83
80
70
60 52
50
40
30
20
10
0
ruin relationships cyberbullying

Negative Effects more than 3 hrs

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Table 2.17 and Figures 3. 21 to 3.25 show the negative effects of Facebook

according to the time spent by the users from weakest to greatest. For the students

who use Facebook for below 10 minutes, the greatest negative effect they feel is

addiction and cyberbullying is the weakest. For students who use Facebook for 10

to 29 minutes, the greatest negative effect they receive is distraction and the

weakest is addiction. Students who use Facebook for 30 minutes to one-hour

experience addiction as the greatest negative effect and insecurity as the weakest

effect. Students who use Facebook for more than one hour receive distraction as

the greatest negative effect and ruin relationships as the weakest effect. Students

who use Facebook more than 3 hours a day receive ruin relationships as the

greatest negative effect and cyberbullying the weakest one.

Hypothesis Testing

ANOVA or the Analysis of Variance was used in the research to determine

if there a significant difference between the length of time in using Facebook to its

positive and negative effects or not. This is the appropriate method because there

are three variables in this research. After computing for the critical value and F

value, the researchers compared the values and observed that the F value was

higher than the critical value which means that the null hypothesis should be

rejected. The alternative hypothesis that states that there is a significant difference

between the length of time in using Facebook to its positive and negative effects

was the accepted hypothesis.

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Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary

In the world nowadays, it is common to see people being surrounded with

their gadgets, scrolling through their laptops and smart phones browsing social

media websites particularly Facebook. The number of Facebook users has grown

for some time now, and with the advances of the modern day’s technology, it

eventually became a part of our daily lives.

Facebook, or FB as other people call it, is a social media website made with

the objective to offer its users improved ways in communicating people throughout

the world. It has been providing its users, particularly students, different means of

communication not only with their fellow students, but also their own teachers.

According to some students, the website has been useful to them given that it can

boost their own moral, self-confidence; improve their personality, express their

feelings through statuses and most importantly to relieve stress. Furthermore, it

helps the students to build their new set of friends.

While Facebook is filled with tremendous potential in terms of communication,

it however, poses a potential danger to the students and contributes harmful

effects like addiction, distraction, cyberbullying, insecurity or low self-esteem and

may even ruin relationships. Too much use of Facebook is dangerous.

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Many students share the same behavioral problems regarding the use of

Facebook. It has been a source of stress relief and becomes addictive to some.

Some students tend to be easily distracted from work and sneak a peek on their

own or other’s profile, or when they need to talk with one of their friends. The

solution to prevent these problems is the need of the students to learn how to

manage their time. Once the students learn how to manage their time, they can

avoid facing problems such as irritability and loss of focus.

Facebook was made to help students and its users to socialize with other

people and do urgent tasks online but due to many negative effects, it does not

help its users anymore if abused. Facebook must be used in limited time and

reasonable purpose in order to be productive.

Conclusions

According to the ABS-CBN News’s article “Are You a Facebook Addict?”

which is found in the local literature, a Facebook user is an addict if he/she uses

Facebook for more than one hour a day. In the data that was gathered, the

researchers have found out that 14 out of 80 respondents of the male junior high

school use Facebook for more than an hour each day. However, 12 out of 80

respondents use Facebook for even more than 3 hours a day. The researchers

therefore conclude that 18 percent of the male junior high school is addicted to

Facebook and 15 percent are overly addicted to it.

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After adding all the numbers that the respondents wrote on the right side

and the left side of question number 2, the researchers observed that the sum of

the numbers given by the respondents on the left side which contains the positive

effects is larger than the sum of the numbers on the left side which contains the

negative effects. The researchers therefore conclude that Facebook gives more

positive effects or is an advantage to them than being a disadvantage.

Table 2.10 shows the negative effects of Facebook to the male junior high

school. According to the table, distraction is the greatest negative effect that

Facebook gives to them. It is the highest ranked with a total of 442 out of 1963

which is 22,52%. Therefore, the researchers conclude that the greatest negative

effects of Facebook for students is distraction as supported by the result of the

survey.

According to the data gathered from the survey, being updated in the latest

news is the greatest positive effect that gives. This is shown in Table 2.5 and is

ranked the first positive effect of Facebook to the male junior high school. The local

literature by Adam Parnala” How do Social Networking Sites Affect Students?”

supports being updated on the news as one of the greatest positive effects of

Facebook. The researchers observed common findings from the data gathered

through the survey and the literature. The researchers therefore conclude that the

greatest positive effect of Facebook to students is being updated on the news as

supported by the survey and the local literature.

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Table 2.16 shows the positive effects of Facebook according to the time

spent by the users from weakest to greatest. The researchers conclude that for

students using Facebook below 10 minutes up to one hour, the greatest and

weakest positive effect received is being updated on the news and expressing

yourself. The students who use Facebook for more than one hour a day receive

making new friends as the greatest positive effect and expressing yourself as the

weakest one. For students who use Facebook for more than 3 hours have being

updated on the news as the greatest positive effect and connecting to old friends

and making new friends as the weakest positive effect.

Table 2.17 shows the negative effects of Facebook according to the time

spent by the users from weakest to greatest. The researchers conclude that for the

students who use Facebook for below 10 minutes, the greatest negative effect they

feel is addiction and cyberbullying is the weakest. For students who use Facebook

for 10 to 29 minutes, the greatest negative effect they receive is distraction and the

weakest is addiction. Students who use Facebook for 30 minutes to one-hour

experience addiction as the greatest negative effect and insecurity as the weakest

effect. Students who use Facebook for more than one hour receive distraction as

the greatest negative effect and ruin relationships as the weakest effect. For the

students who use Facebook more than 3 hours a day receive ruin relationships as

the greatest negative effect and cyberbullying the weakest one.

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By using the ANOVA formula to get the computed or the F value, it allowed

the researchers to reject or accept one of the hypotheses. The researchers found

out that the F value is 11.88 and the critical value was only 3. The alternative

hypothesis will be the accepted hypothesis because the computed value or the F

value is bigger than the critical value. The researchers therefore conclude that that

there is a significant difference between the length of time in using Facebook to its

positive and negative effects.

Recommendations

This research is recommended to the following:

 Government- This is because this research shows the greatest negative

effects that Facebook will give to its users. After knowing the negative

effects that Facebook gives, the government can come up with a plan to

mitigate or reduce these negative effects by implementing laws

 Community- For Facebook users in the community, this will make them

think twice about using Facebook irresponsibly knowing the negative effects

that Facebook gives to users. For the Non-FB users in the community, this

will serve as a warning for them so that they will already know what effects

Facebook will give to them.

 School administrators– This is because this research allows them to gain

more information about the effects of using Facebook that will harm the

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school’s students if abused. They should regulate the use of mobile phones

of the students in the school.

 Teachers- This is because they are the ones that the children use as an

excuse to open their Facebook accounts. As much as possible, the teachers

must take responsibility with their task and activities done at school; he/she

must be responsible enough to tell her announcements inside the

classroom, so the students won’t need to open their accounts to get updated

to school announcements anymore.

 Parents- It will be a great help if the parents will be able to explain the

positive and negative effects of Facebook to their children, and how to use

their time wisely. The parents must also encourage their children to study

first. Only after studying can he/she use Facebook.

 Students- This will allow them to foresee what will happen to them if they

use Facebook irresponsibly. The student must learn to manage his/her time

in using Facebook.

 Future Researchers– This research will become a basis for them for their

research if it will be regarding about Facebook too therefore making it easier

for them to get information, literature and the studies that they need and

help them acquire widespread knowledge about the topic. The study can

also be improved by more surveys conducted by future researchers and

exploration about the topic.

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