LIST OF FORMULAS FOR MATHEMATICS III, MAT0134

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES Differentiation Formula Integration Formula

1
sin 𝑎 sin 𝑏 = [cos(𝑎 − 𝑏) − cos(𝑎 + 𝑏)] sin(𝑎 + 𝑏) = sin 𝑎 cos 𝑏 + cos 𝑎 sin 𝑏 𝑑
2 [𝑥] = 1 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
1 sin(𝑎 − 𝑏) = sin 𝑎 cos 𝑏 − cos 𝑎 sin 𝑏 𝑑 𝑟 𝑥 𝑟+1
cos 𝑎 cos 𝑏 = [cos(𝑎 − 𝑏) + cos(𝑎 + 𝑏)] [𝑥 ] = 𝑟𝑥 𝑟−1 ∫ 𝑥 𝑟 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
2 𝑑𝑥 𝑟+1
cos (𝑎 + 𝑏) = cos 𝑎 cos 𝑏
− sin 𝑎 sin 𝑏 𝑑
1 [sin 𝑥] = cos 𝑥 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
sin 𝑎 cos 𝑏 = [sin(𝑎 − 𝑏) + sin(𝑎 + 𝑏)] 𝑑𝑥
2
cos (𝑎 − 𝑏) = cos 𝑎 cos 𝑏 𝑑
+ sin 𝑎 sin 𝑏 [cos 𝑥] = − sin 𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
1 1 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑎 + sin 𝑏 = 2 sin (𝑎 + 𝑏) cos (𝑎 − 𝑏)
2 2 𝑑
tan 𝑎 + tan 𝑏 [tan 𝑥] = sec 2 𝑥 ∫ sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝐶
tan(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 − tan 𝑎 tan 𝑏
sin 𝑎 − sin 𝑏 = 2 sin (𝑎 − 𝑏) cos (𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑑
2 2 [cot 𝑥] = − csc 2 𝑥 ∫ csc 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cot 𝑥 + 𝐶
tan 𝑎 − tan 𝑏 𝑑𝑥
tan( 𝑎 − 𝑏) =
1 1 1 + tan 𝑎 tan 𝑏
cos 𝑎 + cos 𝑏 = 2 cos (𝑎 + 𝑏) cos (𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑑
2 2 [sec 𝑥] = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑎 + cos 2 𝑎 = 1
1 1 𝑑
cos 𝑎 − cos 𝑏 = −2 𝑠in (𝑎 + 𝑏) sin (𝑎 − 𝑏) 2 2 [csc 𝑥] = − csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 ∫ csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2 tan 𝑎 + 1 = sec 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢 1
1 + cot 2 𝑎 = csc 2 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
[ln|𝑢|] = ∙
𝑢 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑥

cos (2𝑎) = cos 2 𝑎 − sin2 𝑎 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢 𝑏𝑥

[log 𝑏 𝑢] = ∙ ∫ 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 ln 𝑏 𝑑𝑥 ln 𝑏
cos(2𝑎) = 2cos 2 𝑎 − 1 𝑑 𝑥
[𝑒 ] = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
cos(2𝑎) = 1 − 2 sin2 𝑎
𝑑 𝑥
[𝑏 ] = 𝑏 𝑥 ln 𝑏 ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sec 𝑥| + 𝐶
sin(2𝑎) = 2 sin 𝑎 cos 𝑎 𝑑𝑥

∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥| + 𝐶

∫ cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sin 𝑥| + 𝐶

∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥| + 𝐶

 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS REDUCTION FORMULAS

Differentiation Formula Integration Formula 1 𝑛−1

∫ sinn 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − sinn−1 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + ∫ sinn−2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢 1 1 𝑢 𝑛 𝑛
[sin−1 𝑢] = ∫ 2 2
𝑑𝑢 = tan−1 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 𝑎 +𝑢 𝑎 𝑎
1 𝑛−1
∫ cos n 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = cos n−1 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + ∫ cos n−2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢 𝑛 𝑛
[cos −1 𝑢] = − ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = sin−1 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
2 √𝑎2 − 𝑢2 𝑎
tann−1 𝑥
∫ tann 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ tann−2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢 1 1 𝑢 𝑛−1
[tan−1 𝑢] = ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 | | + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 2
1 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑢√𝑢2 − 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎
sec n−2 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑛 − 2
∫ sec n 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + ∫ sec n−2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢 𝑛−1 𝑛−1
[cot −1 𝑢] = − 2
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
[sec −1 𝑢] =
𝑑𝑥 |𝑢|√𝑢 − 1 𝑑𝑥
2

𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
[csc −1 𝑢] = −
𝑑𝑥 |𝑢|√𝑢2 − 1 𝑑𝑥