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Protonation is the acceptance of acid protons from the surrounding solution, while
deprotonation is the donation of acid protons to the surrounding solution. The name
PROTON® was selected because all the calculations in the software, whether for scale
saturation, or for salt rejection, are based on protonation and deprotonation of weak acids,
bases and ion complexes in the Reverse Osmosis/Nanofiltration (RO/NF) process.
PROTON® allows the user to compare the required feed pressure and permeate water
quality for various membranes under identical conditions. Once the design is selected, the
user can simply select a different membrane type, and can instantly see the impact on
pressure, water quality and scaling potential. The user can see real time impacts of
changes in pH, temperature or recovery on pressure, flux and permeate quality.
PROTON® accurately calculates boron rejection with varying pH, accounting for both
temperature and ionic strength, and differentiating between rejection by nanofiltration,
brackish, and seawater membranes. Other contaminant rejections that are calculated
include iron, manganese, aluminum, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, sulfides. It is also the only
software currently available that predicts arsenic rejection with varying pH, temperature and
ionic strength. PROTON® even provides calculations that help with design of pretreatment
coagulation and post treatment degasification (see below: Chemical Speciation).
Most reverse osmosis and nanofiltration antiscalant software assume 100% salt rejection.
The few that allow entry of the membrane salt rejection apply it as a factor, completely
ignoring the fact that salt passage is a function of membrane flux.
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PROTON® is the first antiscalant software that can design a nanofiltration or reverse
osmosis system, and account for membrane properties and flux rates at the various stages
of a system. The user has the option of using the system design provided by PROTON®,
or overwriting it with the membrane manufacturer’s array and flow rates per stage. The
software also calculates the concentration polarization factor, providing the user with the
most accurate, and optimum scale inhibitor dosages required for NF, RO or NF/RO hybrid
systems. The hybridization feature allows the user to enter any combination of membranes
within the same stage. PROTON® is also the only antiscalant projection software capable
of modelling Desalitech’s Closed Circuit Reverse Osmosis (CCRO) technology. CCRO is a
unique technology that uncouples recovery, flux and crossflow to enable operation at
recoveries well beyond those achievable with conventional RO.
PROTON® calculates the scaling potential for over 50 different scales that can form in
RO/NF membrane systems. Many RO antiscalant software programs use “canned”
formulas that fail or give erroneous readings outside a certain pH or TDS range. However,
Proton’s scaling calculations are not based on formulas but rather on thermodynamic data
acquired from peer reviewed scientific research papers. Temperature, ion activity, and ion
complexes are considered for every single calculation. The software accounts for over 130
ion complexes, allowing accurate modelling for complex industrial wastewater reuse or
seawater at the entire RO operating range of 1 – 11. The scaling saturations calculated by
PROTON® are therefore the most accurate and reliable in the industry with all reactions
tested in a controlled environment and reconciled in real world applications.
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PROTON® speciates weak acids, weak bases, metal hydroxides, and ion complexes
based on pH, ionic strength, oxidation state, and temperature. This allows the user to
determine the number of charges that the compounds will carry under any given set of
conditions. This is essential for predicting both scale formation and front end membrane
fouling by metal hydroxides. The speciation function also allows the user to see changes
in the charges of any species with changes in temperature or pH in real time; a function
that is extremely useful in optimizing pH for upstream coagulation. Finally, it allows the
user to design for post treatment degasification based on carbon dioxide, ammonia, and/or
hydrogen sulfide in the permeate.
1. It can be accessible from any computer, tablet or smartphone that has an internet
connection.
2. Updates and improvements to the software can be performed seamlessly without the
need for the user to download an update.
3. Cloud based software can be constantly monitored for functionality, and eliminates
issues associated with computer operating systems that are constantly changing
from one year to the next.
How can I be assured that information that I enter intoPROTON® will remain
confidential, and not violate any non-disclosure agreements I may have?
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