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So, I'm not ready to let go of this intermediate form example just yet. My question for you about it now
is this: Is it a buffer? Will it resist meaningful efforts to change its pH through addition of acid or base?
You might be tempted to say yes...but you'd be wrong. (The answer is no!) As we have seen, (and as
Harris preaches) there is very little of either the conjugate base or of the conjugate acid of HCO3- present
in that solution. A buffer requires a significant (read: intentional!) concentration of both an acid and its
conjugate base be simultaneously present in the solution. Another way of looking at it is that the pH
(8.34) is not within one unit of either pKa1 (6.351) or pKa2 (10.329). At those pH's, you would have a
mix of (nearly) equal amounts of both a weak acid and its conjugate base, and thus a buffer. You can't
make a decent pH 8.34 buffer using carbonic acid, though...even if you mix equal amounts of H2CO3
and Na2CO3. Why? Well, because they would react with each other to form mostly HCO3-. It would be
equivalent to dissolving just NaHCO3- to begin with.
However, you can make a buffer with a polyprotic acid. Moreover, in most cases all of the same rules
and provisos apply...you can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and approximations, and you will
generally actually prepare the buffer by mixing a strong acid or base with just one form of the
polyprotic. The new wrinkle that can arise, and that you may have to worry about, comes about when
the pKa you want to use in the buffer is very close to another pKa of the polyprotic. We'll return to that
situation, and polyprotic buffers more generally, once we learn about alpha plots.