CHAPTER 1

PRELIMINARY

1.1 BACKGROUND
Ceramic tiles have quickly become one of the most popular types of materials
used in a home but often times home owners don’t understand exactly what they are.
Ceramic tile is made up of sand, natural products, and clays and once it has been
moulded into shape they are then fired in a kiln. When making ceramic tiles they can
either be glazed or unglazed, but the majority of homeowners have glazed ceramic
tiles in their home. With their increasing popularity, there are hundreds of different
designs of ceramic tiles. .
Ceramic tile can be a beautiful addition to your home or garden. It begins with
just a lump of clay, which is mixed with other ingredients to create a medium by
which to form the tiles. Pigments and designs are added before glazing to add color
and texture. If you love working with your hands, making your own ceramic tile can
be fun and rewarding, especially if you intend to use it in your own home or garden.
Aside from purchasing a kiln for firing your tiles, most ingredients are fairly
inexpensive and some can be made from materials in your own home. Making
ceramic tiles takes only a bit of creativity and time.

1.2 FORMULATION OF PROBLEM

 What is ceramic tile?
 Why choose ceramic tile?
 How to make ceramic tile?
1.3 BENEFIT
 To know definition of ceramic tile
 To know benefits of choose ceramic tile
 To know how to make ceramic tile

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition of Ceramic Tile

Ceramics are an ancient craft that date back some 4000 years, originating in
Ancient Egypt around 4,700 BCE. The origin of the word ‘ceramics’ comes from the
Greek word ‘keramos’, or pottery. The word ‘tile’ originates from the Latin ‘tegula’
and its French derivative ,’tuile’.
The art of tilling spread west from the Middle East, becoming popular in
Europe during the 11th century, when mosaic flooring and panels became prevalent.
Tiles are made from clay, which one shaped and dried, are fired in a klin at
very hot temperatures. This process hardens the tiles, creating ‘bisque’, which can
then be glazed and fired a second time. Tiles can also be used unglazed, although the
color range is limited to the natural shades of the clay.

Ceramic tiles have been a popular material for interior and exterior decoration
for thousands of years. They come in all shapes and sizes, colors and glazes and can
be used plain, decorated or as part of a mosaic.
Ceramic tiles are a popular choice of flooring due to their aesthetic appeal, as
well as their durability and easy care. A properly installed ceramic tile floor will
outperform and outlast nearly any other floor covering product created for the same

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application. Glazed ceramic tile resist stains, odors and dirt and can be cleaned with a
damp mop or common household cleaners.
2.2 Why choose ceramic tiles

Ceramic tiles are one of the most popular tiling choices in the world. They are
used in floors, walls, backsplashes, showers, and more. There isn’t a room in the
home that can’t benefit from ceramic tiles. There are hundreds of different ceramic
tile design available and personalization of any home space. Popularity alone
shouldn’t dictate your tiling choices, however. Instead, consider the many benefits
that using ceramic tiles can bring.

1. Durability
The most basic concern when choosing is to asses duarability. This not only
means resistance to foot traffic but also how well it can resist scratches,
moisture and microbial infiltration. Ceramic, simply put, does not scratch
easily. One of the reasons it’s popular in kitchens, for instance, is that dropped
cutlery or plates usually won’t leave a mark.
2. Endless design and colour permanence
As mentioned, there are hundreds of different design of ceramic tiles and you
can find them in a plethora of colours, from the popular whites, beiges and
greys to pastels and brightest colours of the rainbow. Even the choice of grout
colour can completely change the effect of your design. Ceramic is also
excellent for retaining colour. No matter how much sun exposure it gets,
ceramic tiles will not face and will retain their off-the-shelf look.
3. Easy to maintan and repair
In addition to being highly scratch-resistant, ceramic is simple to clean. It
doesn’t absorb water so you can easilywipe up spills or use disinfectants or
chemical cleaners at your leisure. Should a repair be needed, there is no need
to pull up entire sections of floor. The problem tile and just that tile can be
removed and replaced. It’s often easy enough that you can do it yourself.

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1.3 How to Make Ceramic Tiles

1. Begin with good clay, such as that

designed for sculpting and that has small
and large sized grog (fired and ground up
clay)

2. Check the temperature at which you will

fire the clay

3. Unsure that the clay you use will mature

at that temperature

4. Work the clay when it is fairly dry

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 5. Unsure that clay tiles are at least ½ inch
(1.3 cm) thick

6. Roll a slab of clay onto a hard working

surface from which you clay can be easily
removed

7. Use a slab roller to flatten the clay

8. After that, we can use wood frame to shape the clay

- Construct a bottomless wood frame

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- Pound the clay into the frame

- Cut off the excess clay

- Allow the clay to dry slightly or use a spray

lunricant to avoid having it stick to the wooden
frame

- Push the clay out the frame’s bottom using a

strong material the same size as the clay

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9. After that we can drying the tiles with cover

the tiles with plastic

10. Place the tiles between two pieces of

sheetrock, plywood or fire proofing board to
help draw out the moisture or dry the tiles on a
wire rack or plastic grids

11. Fire the tiles at the appropriate temperature.

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

3.1 CONCLUSION

Ceramic tiles have quickly become one of the most popular types of materials
used in home but often times home owner don’t understand exactly what they are. If
you love working with your hands, making your own ceramic tile can be fun and
rewarding, especially if you intend to use it in your own home or garden.

3.2 ADVICE

As the civil engineering student, we must know about the material construction,
such as ceramic tiles. If we have knowledge about how to manufacture/make,
advantages and disadvantages of materials so we can choose the right material for
construction that we made.

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 REFERENCE

Indra, Siswa, dkk. 2005. Modul Konstruksi Dasar Kerja Batu. Palembang :Jurusan
Teknik Sipil Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya. 2016. Bahan Bangunan.

PEDC. 1983. Teknologi Bahan 1,2,3. Bandung :PEDC.

http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Ceramic-Tile

http://www.wfca.org/Pages/Ceramic-Tile-review.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile

http://www.centura.ca/blog/choose-ceramic-tile/