Termodinamika A214 / Thermodynamics A214

Tutoriaal 5 / Tutorial 5
Doen probleem / Do problems

Vraag 1 / Question 1 (5.8)

A 2 m3 rigid tank initially contains air whose density is 1.18 kg/m3. The tank is connected to a high-pressure supply
line through a valve. The valve is opened, and air is allowed to enter the tank until the density of air in the tank rises
to 5.30 kg/m3. Determine the mass of air that has entered the tank. Ans. 8.24 kg.

‘n 2 m3 rigiede tenk bevat aanvanklik lug met ‘n digtheid van 1.18 kg/m3. Die tenk is verbind aan ‘n hoë druk lyn met
‘n klep. Die klep word oopgemaak, en lug vloei in die tenk in totdat die digtheid van lug in die tenk styg tot 5.30 kg/m3.
Bereken die massa lug wat in die tenk ingevloei het. Atnw: 8.24 kg.

Vraag 2 / Question 2 (5.67)

Liquid water at 300 kPa and 20°C is heated in a chamber by mixing it with superheated steam at 300 kPa and 300 °C.
Cold water enters the chamber at a rate of 1.8 kg/s. If the mixture leaves the mixing chamber at 60 °C, determine the
mass flow rate of the superheated steam required. Neglect the pressure drop across the mixing chamber.
Ans. 0.107 kg/s.

Water by 300 kPa en 20pC word verhit in ‘n mengkamer deur dit te meng met superverhitte stoom by 300 kPa en
300oC. Die koue water vloei tempo is 1.8 kg/s. As die mengsel uit die mengkamer uitvloei teen 60 oC, bereken die
benodigde massa vloei tempo van die superverhitte stoom. Neem aan dat die drukval oor die mengkamer
weglaatbaar klein is. Antw: 0.107 kg/s.

Vraag 3 / Question 3 (5.52)

Steam enters a steady-flow turbine wit ha mass flow rate of 13 kg/s at 600 °C, 8 MPa, and a negligible velocity. The
steam expands in the turbine to a saturated vapour at 300 kPa where 10 percent of the steam is removed for some
other use. The remainder of steam continues to expand to the turbine exit where the pressure is 10 kPa and quality
is 85 percent. If the turbine is adiabatic, determine the rate of work done by the steam during this process.
Ans. 17.8 MW.

Stoom betree ‘n turbine by gestadigde staat, met ‘n massa vloei tempo van 13 kg/s teen 600 oC en 8 MPa, met
weglaatbare snelheid. Die stoom ontspan in die turbine tot by ‘n versadigde gas by 300 kPa. Op hierdie punt, word
10% van die stoom verwyder vir ‘n ander gebruik. Die oorblywende stoom ontspan verder tot by die turbine uitlaat,
waar die druk 10 KPa is en die stoom ‘n kwaliteit van 85% het. As die turbine adiabaties is, bereken die drywing wat
deur die stoom gelewer word tydens die proses. Antw: 17.8 MW.
Vraag 4 / Question 4 (5.59)

R134a is throttled from the saturated liquid state at 700 kPa to a pressure of 160 kPa. Determine the temperature
drop during this process and the final specific volume of the refrigerant. Ans. 42.3 °C, 0.0345 m3/kg.

R134a beweeg deur ‘n smoorklep en verander van ‘n versadigde vloeistof toestand by 700 kPa na ‘n druk van 160
kPa. Bereken die temperatuur val wat tydens die proses plaasvind, asook die finale spesifieke volume van die
verkoelingsmiddel. Antw: 42.3 °C, 0.0345 m3/kg.

Vraag 5 / Question 5 (5.77)

R134a at 1 MPa and 90 °C is to be cooled to 1 MPa and 30 °C in a condenser by air. The air enters at 100 kPa and 27
°C with a volume flow rate of 600 m3/min and leaves at 95 kPa and 60 °C. Determine the mass flow rate of the
refrigerant. Ans. 100 kg/min.

R134a by 1 MPa en 90oC word deur lug verkoel na 1 MPa en 30oC in ‘n kondesator. Die lug betree die kondensator by
100 kPa en 27oC met ‘n volumetriese vloei tempo van 600 m3/min en verlaat dit by 95 kPa en 60oC. Bereken die massa
vloei tempo van R134a. Antw: 100 kg/min.

Vraag 6 / Question 6 (5.115)

A 0.06 m3 rigid tank initially contains R134a at 0.8 MPa and 100% quality. The tank is connected by a valve to a supply
lie that carries refrigerant R134a at 1.2 MPa and 36 °C. Now the valve is opened, and the refrigerant is allowed to
enter the tank. The valve is closed when it is observed that the tank contains saturated liquid at 1.2 MPa. Determine:

a. The mass of refrigerant that has entered the tank and; Ans. 64.8 kg
b. The amount of heat transfer. Ans. 627 kJ.

‘n 0.06 m3 rigiede tenk bevat aanvanklik R134a by 0.8 MPa en 100% kwaliteit. Die tenk is verbind dmv. ‘n klep aan ‘n
toevoer lyn wat R134a by 1.2 MPa en 36oC bevat. Die klep word oopgedraai, en R134a vloei in die tenk in. Die klep
word toegedraai wanneer die tenk versadigde vloeistof by 1.2 MPa bevat. Bereken:

a. Die massa van R134a wat die tenk betree het; Antw. 64.8 kg
b. Die hoeveelheid hitteoordrag. Antw. 627 kJ
Vraag 7 / Question 7 (5.176)

In a single-flash geothermal power plant, geothermal water enters a flash chamber at 230oC as a saturated liquid at
a rate of 50 kg/s. A flashdrum acts as a throttling valve, but the liquid- and gas-phases are seperated from each other
at the outlet. The steam resulting from the flashing process enters a turbine and leaves at 20 kPa with a moisture
content of 5 percent. Determine the temperature of the steam after the flashing process and the power output from
the turbine if the pressure of the steam at the exit of the flash chamber is (a) 1 MPa, (b) 500 kPa, (c) 100 kPa, (d) 50
kPa. Ans. a. 179.9 °C and 1616 kW; b. 151.8 °C and 2134 kW; b. 99.6 °C and 2333 kW; b. 81.3 °C and 2173 kW

In ‘n enkel-flits geotermiese kragstasie, betree geotermiese water ‘n flitsdrom by 230oC as ‘n versadigde vloeistof,
teen ‘n tempo van 50 kg/s. Die flitsdrom tree op soos ‘n smoorklep, maar die vloeistof- en gas-fase word van mekaar
geskei by die uitlaat. Die stoom wat die flitsdrom verlaat betree ‘n turbine en verlaat dit by 20 kPa, met ‘n voginhoud
van 5%. Bereken die temperatuur van die stoom na die flitsproses, asook die drywing gelewer deur die turbine, indien
die druk van die stoom by die uitlaat van die flitsdrom (a) 1MPa, (b) 500 kPa, (c) 100 kPa, (d) 50 kPa is. Antw. a. 179.9
°C en 1616 kW; b. 151.8 °C en 2134 kW; b. 99.6 °C en 2333 kW; b. 81.3 °C en 2173 kW

Vraag 8 / Question 8 (5.179)

A 𝐷0 = 10-m-diameter tank is initially filled with water 2 m above the center of a 𝐷 = 10-cm-diameter valve near
the bottom. The tank surface is open to the atmosphere, and the tank drains through a 𝐿 = 100-m-long pipe
connected to the valve. The friction factor of the pipe is given to be 𝑓 = 0.015, and the discharge velocity is
2𝑔𝑧
expressed as 𝑉 = √1.5+𝑓𝐿/𝐷 where 𝑧 is the water height above the center of the valve. Determine (a) the initial
discharge velocity from the tank and (b) the time required to empty the tank. The tank can be considered to be
empty when the water level drops to the center of the valve. Ans. 7.21 hr

‘n 𝐷0 = 10-m diameter tenk is aanvanklik gevul met water 2 m bo die middel van ‘n 𝐷 = 10-cm-diamter klep naby
aan die bodem. Die tenk oppervlakte is oop tot die atmosfeer, en die tenk drein deur ‘n 𝐿 = 100-m-lange pyp wat
aan die klep verbind is. Die wrywings faktor van die pyp is gegee as 𝑓 = 0.015 en die snelheid deur die klep is 𝑉 =
2𝑔𝑧
√1.5+𝑓𝐿/𝐷 waar 𝑧 die hoogte van die water bo die middel van die klep is. Bereken (a) die aanvanklike snelheid van
water deur die klep en (b) die tyd wat dit vat om die tenk te dreineer. Die tenk kan as leeg beskou word as die
watervlak sak tot die hoogte van die middel van die klep. Antw. 7.21 hr

Vraag 9 / Question 9 (5.126)

An insulated vertical piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.8 m3 of refrigerant-134a at 1.4 MPa and 120oC. A linear
spring at this point applies full force to the piston. A valve connected to the cylinder is now opened, and refrigerant
is allowed to escape. The spring unwinds as the piston moves down, and the pressure and volume drop to 0.7 MPa
and 0.5 m3 at the end of the process. Determine the final temperature in the cylinder Ans. 96.2 °C.
‘n Geïnsuleerde vertikale suier-silinder toestel bevat aanvanklik 0.8 m3 van R-134a by 1.4 MPa en 120oC. ‘n Lineêre
veer pas volle krag toe op die stelsel op die punt. ‘n Klep wat aan die silinder verbind is word oopgemaak, en R-134a
ontsnap. Die veer ontspand soos wat die suier afbeweeg, en die druk en volume val na 0.7 MPa en 0.5 m3 ten die
einde van die proses. Bereken die finale temperatuur van R-134a in die silinder. Antw. 96.2 °C.