Fundamentals of Database Systems

FUNDAMENTALS OF Database Systems
Subject : FUNDAMENTALS OF Database Systems

PART 1 Introduction to Databases
chapter 1 Databases and Database Users
1. Databases and Database Users - Answer (click here)
2. An Example - Databases and Database Users - Answer (click here)
3. Characteristics of the Database Approach - Answer (click here)
4. Actors on the Scene - Databases and Database Users - Answer (click here)
5. Workers behind the Scene - Databases and Database Users - Answer (click
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6. Advantages of Using the DBMS Approach - Answer (click here)
7. A Brief History of Database Applications - Answer (click here)
8. When Not to Use a DBMS - Answer (click here)
chapter 2 Database System Concepts and Architecture

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9. Database System Concepts and Architecture - Answer (click here)
10. Data Models, Schemas, and Instances - Answer (click here)
11. Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence - Answer (click here)
12. Database Languages and Interfaces - Answer (click here)
13. The Database System Environment - Answer (click here)
14. Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for DBMSs - Answer (click
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15. Classification of Database Management Systems - Answer (click here)
PART 2 The Relational Data Model and SQL

chapter 3 The Relational Data Model and Relational Database
Constraints
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16. The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints - Answer
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17. Relational Model Concepts - Answer (click here)
18. Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schemas - Answer
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19. Update Operations, Transactions, and Dealing with Constraint Violations
- Answer (click here)
chapter 4 Basic SQL

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20. Basic SQL - Answer (click here)
21. SQL Data Definition and Data Types - Answer (click here)
22. Specifying Constraints in SQL - Answer (click here)
23. Basic Retrieval Queries in SQL - Answer (click here)
24. INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE Statements in SQL - Answer (click here)
25. Additional Features of SQL - Answer (click here)
chapter 5 More SQL Complex Queries Triggers Views and

Schema Modification
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26. More SQL: Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, and Schema
Modification - Answer (click here)
27. More Complex SQL Retrieval Queries - Answer (click here)
28. Specifying Constraints as Assertions and Actions as Triggers - Answer
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29. Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL - Answer (click here)
30. Schema Change Statements in SQL - Answer (click here)
chapter 6 The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus

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31. The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus - Answer (click here)
32. Unary Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT - Answer (click here)
33. Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory - Answer (click here)
34. Binary Relational Operations: JOIN and DIVISION - Answer (click here)
35. Additional Relational Operations - Answer (click here)
36. Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra - Answer (click here)
37. The Tuple Relational Calculus - Answer (click here)
38. The Domain Relational Calculus - Answer (click here)
PART 3 Conceptual Modeling and Database Design

chapter 7 Data Modeling Using the Entity Relationship ER Model
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39. Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relationship (ER) Model - Answer (click
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40. Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design - Answer
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41. A Sample Database Application - Answer (click here)
42. Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys - Answer (click here)
43. Relationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural Constraints
44. Weak Entity Types - Answer (click here)
45. Refining the ER Design for the COMPANY Database - Answer (click here)
46. ER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design Issues - Answer (click
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47. Example of Other Notation: UML Class Diagrams - Answer (click here)
48. Relationship Types of Degree Higher than Two - Answer (click here)
chapter 8 The Enhanced Entity Relationship EER MODEL

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49. The Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) Model - Answer (click here)
50. Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance - Answer (click here)
51. Specialization and Generalization - Answer (click here)
52. Constraints and Characteristics of Specialization and Generalization
Hierarchies - Answer (click here)
53. Modeling of UNION Types Using Categories - Answer (click here)
54. A Sample UNIVERSITY EER Schema, Design Choices, and Formal
Definitions - Answer (click here)
55. Example of Other Notation: Representing Specialization and
Generalization in UML Class Diagrams - Answer (click here)
56. Data Abstraction, Knowledge Representation, and Ontology Concepts -
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chapter 9 Relational Database Design by ER and EER to

Relational Mapping
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57. Relational Database Design by ER- and EER-to-Relational Mapping -
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58. Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping - Answer
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59. Mapping EER Model Constructs to Relations - Answer (click here)
chapter 10 Practical Database Design Methodology and Use of

UML Diagrams
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60. Practical Database Design Methodology and Use of UML Diagrams -
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61. The Role of Information Systems in Organizations - Answer (click here)
62. The Database Design and Implementation Process - Answer (click here)
63. The Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 1:
Requirements Collection and Analysis - Answer (click here)
64. The Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 2: Conceptual
Database Design - Answer (click here)
65. The Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 3: Choice of a
DBMS - Answer (click here)
66. Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 4: Data Model
Mapping (Logical Database Design) - Answer (click here)
67. Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 5: Physical
68. Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 6: Database
System Implementation and Tuning - Answer (click here)
69. Use of UML Diagrams as an Aid to Database Design Specification -
Answer (click here)
70. Rational Rose: A UML-Based Design Tool - Answer (click here)
71. Automated Database Design Tools - Answer (click here)
PART 4 Object Object Relational and XML Concepts Models

Languages and Standards
chapter 11 Object and Object Relational Databases
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72. Object and Object-Relational Databases - Answer (click here)
73. Overview of Object Database Concepts - Answer (click here)
74. Introduction to Object-Oriented Concepts and Features - Answer (click
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75. Object Identity, and Objects versus Literals - Answer (click here)
76. Complex Type Structures for Objects and Literals - Answer (click here)
77. Encapsulation of Operations and Persistence of Objects - Answer (click
here)
78. Type Hierarchies and Inheritance - Answer (click here)
79. Object-Relational Features: Object Database Extensions to SQL - Answer
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80. The ODMG Object Model and the Object Definition Language ODL -
Answer (click here)
81. Object Database Conceptual Design - Answer (click here)
82. The Object Query Language OQL - Answer (click here)
83. Overview of the C++ Language Binding in the ODMG Standard - Answer
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chapter 12 XML Extensible Markup Language

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84. XML: Extensible Markup Language - Answer (click here)
85. Structured, Semistructured, and Unstructured Data - Answer (click here)
86. XML Hierarchical (Tree) Data Model - Answer (click here)
87. XML Documents, DTD, and XML Schema - Answer (click here)
88. Storing and Extracting XML Documents from Databases - Answer (click
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89. XML Languages - Answer (click here)
90. Extracting XML Documents from Relational Databases - Answer (click
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PART 5 Database Programming Techniques

chapter 13 Introduction to SQL Programming TECHNIQUES
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91. Introduction to SQL Programming Techniques - Answer (click here)
92. Database Programming: Techniques and Issues - Answer (click here)
93. Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL, and SQLJ - Answer (click here)
94. Retrieving Single Tuples with Embedded SQL - Answer (click here)
95. Retrieving Multiple Tuples with Embedded SQL Using Cursors - Answer
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96. Specifying Queries at Runtime Using Dynamic SQL - Answer (click here)
97. SQLJ: Embedding SQL Commands in Java - Answer (click here)
98. Retrieving Multiple Tuples in SQLJ Using Iterators - Answer (click here)
99. Database Programming with Function Calls: SQL/CLI and JDBC -
Answer (click here)
100. Database Stored Procedures and SQL/PSM - Answer (click here)
101. Comparing the Three Approaches - Answer (click here)
chapter 14 Web Database Programming Using PHP

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102. Web Database Programming Using PHP - Answer (click here)
103. A Simple PHP Example - Answer (click here)
104. Overview of Basic Features of PHP - Answer (click here)
105. Overview of PHP Database Programming - Answer (click here)
PART 6 Database Design Theory and Normalization

chapter 15 Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization
or Relational Databases
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106. Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational
Databases - Answer (click here)
107. Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas - Answer (click here)
108. Functional Dependencies - Answer (click here)
109. Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys - Answer (click here)
110. General Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms - Answer (click
here)
111. Boyce-Codd Normal Form - Answer (click here)
112. Multivalued Dependency and Fourth Normal Form - Answer (click here)
113. Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form - Answer (click here)
chapter 16 Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further

Dependencies
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114. Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies -
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115. Further Topics in Functional Dependencies: Inference Rules,
Equivalence, and Minimal Cover - Answer (click here)
116. Properties of Relational Decompositions - Answer (click here)
117. Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design - Answer (click here)
118. About Nulls, Dangling Tuples, and Alternative Relational Designs -
Answer (click here)
119. Further Discussion of Multivalued Dependencies and 4NF - Answer (click
here)
120. Other Dependencies and Normal Forms - Answer (click here)
PART 7 File Structures Indexing and Hashing

chapter 17 Disk Storage Basic File Structures and Hashing
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121. Disk Storage, Basic File Structures, and Hashing - Answer (click here)
122. Secondary Storage Devices - Answer (click here)
123. Buffering of Blocks - Answer (click here)
124. Placing File Records on Disk - Answer (click here)
125. Operations on Files - Answer (click here)
126. Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files) - Answer (click here)
127. Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files) - Answer (click here)
128. Hashing Techniques - Answer (click here)
129. Internal Hashing - Answer (click here)
130. External Hashing for Disk Files - Answer (click here)
131. Hashing Techniques That Allow Dynamic File Expansion - Answer (click
here)
132. Other Primary File Organizations - Answer (click here)
133. Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology - Answer (click here)
134. New Storage Systems - Answer (click here)
chapter 18 Indexing Structures for Files

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135. Indexing Structures for Files - Answer (click here)
136. Types of Single-Level Ordered Indexes - Answer (click here)
137. Multilevel Indexes - Answer (click here)
138. Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B+-Trees - Answer (click
here)
139. Search Trees and B-Trees - Answer (click here)
140. B+-Trees - Answer (click here)
141. Indexes on Multiple Keys - Answer (click here)
142. Other Types of Indexes - Answer (click here)
143. Some General Issues Concerning Indexing - Answer (click here)
PART 8 Query Processing and Optimization and Database Tuning

chapter 19 Algorithms for Query Processing and Optimization
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144. Algorithms for Query Processing and Optimization - Answer (click here)
145. Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra - Answer (click here)
146. Algorithms for External Sorting - Answer (click here)
147. Implementing the SELECT Operation and Algorithms - Answer (click here)
148. Implementing the JOIN Operation and Algorithms - Answer (click here)
149. Algorithms for PROJECT and Set Operations - Answer (click here)
150. Implementing Aggregate Operations and OUTER JOINs - Answer (click
here)
151. Combining Operations Using Pipelining - Answer (click here)
152. Using Heuristics in Query Optimization - Answer (click here)
153. Using Selectivity and Cost Estimates in Query Optimization - Answer
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154. Cost Components for Query Execution - Answer (click here)
155. Catalog Information Used in Cost Functions - Answer (click here)
156. Examples of Cost Functions for SELECT - Answer (click here)
157. Examples of Cost Functions for JOIN - Answer (click here)
158. Multiple Relation Queries and JOIN Ordering - Answer (click here)
159. Example to Illustrate Cost-Based Query Optimization - Answer (click here)
160. Overview of Query Optimization in Oracle - Answer (click here)
161. Semantic Query Optimization - Answer (click here)
chapter 20 Physical Database Design and Tuning

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162. Physical Database Design and Tuning - Answer (click here)
163. Physical Database Design in Relational Databases - Answer (click here)
164. Factors That Influence Physical Database Design - Answer (click here)
165. Physical Database Design Decisions - Answer (click here)
166. An Overview of Database Tuning in Relational Systems - Answer (click
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PART 9 Transaction Processing Concurrency Control and

Recovery
chapter 21 Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and
Theory
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167. Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory - Answer
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168. Introduction to Transaction Processing - Answer (click here)
169. Transaction and System Concepts - Answer (click here)
170. Desirable Properties of Transactions - Answer (click here)
171. Characterizing Schedules Based on Recoverability - Answer (click here)
172. Characterizing Schedules Based on Serializability - Answer (click here)
173. Transaction Support in SQL - Answer (click here)
chapter 22 Concurrency Control Techniques

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174. Concurrency Control Techniques - Answer (click here)
175. Two-Phase Locking Techniques for Concurrency Control - Answer (click
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176. Concurrency Control Based on Timestamp Ordering - Answer (click here)
177. Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques - Answer (click here)
178. Validation (Optimistic) Concurrency Control Techniques - Answer (click
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179. Granularity of Data Items and Multiple Granularity Locking - Answer
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180. Using Locks for Concurrency Control in Indexes - Answer (click here)
181. Other Concurrency Control Issues - Answer (click here)
chapter 23 Database Recovery Techniques

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182. Database Recovery Techniques - Answer (click here)
183. Recovery Concepts - Answer (click here)
184. NO-UNDO/REDO Recovery Based on Deferred Update - Answer (click
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185. Recovery Techniques Based on Immediate Update - Answer (click here)
186. Shadow Paging - Answer (click here)
187. The ARIES Recovery Algorithm - Answer (click here)
188. Recovery in Multidatabase Systems - Answer (click here)
189. Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures - Answer (click
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PART 10 Additional Database Topics Security and Distribution

chapter 24 Database Security
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190. Database Security - Answer (click here)
191. Introduction to Database Security Issues - Answer (click here)
192. Discretionary Access Control Based on Granting and Revoking
Privileges - Answer (click here)
193. Mandatory Access Control and Role-Based Access Control for
Multilevel Security - Answer (click here)
194. SQL Injection - Answer (click here)
195. Introduction to Statistical Database Security - Answer (click here)
196. Introduction to Flow Control - Answer (click here)
197. Encryption and Public Key Infrastructures - Answer (click here)
198. Privacy Issues and Preservation - Answer (click here)
199. Challenges of Database Security - Answer (click here)
200. Oracle Label-Based Security - Answer (click here)
chapter 25 Distributed Databases

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201. Distributed Databases - Answer (click here)
202. Distributed Database Concepts - Answer (click here)
203. Types of Distributed Database Systems - Answer (click here)
204. Distributed Database Architectures - Answer (click here)
205. Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for
Distributed Database Design - Answer (click here)
206. Query Processing and Optimization in Distributed Databases - Answer
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207. Overview of Transaction Management in Distributed Databases - Answer
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208. Overview of Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed
209. Distributed Catalog Management - Answer (click here)
210. Current Trends in Distributed Databases - Answer (click here)
211. Distributed Databases in Oracle - Answer (click here)
PART 11 Advanced Database Models Systems and Applications

chapter 26 Enhanced Data Models for Advanced Applications
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212. Enhanced Data Models for Advanced Applications - Answer (click here)
213. Active Database Concepts and Triggers - Answer (click here)
214. Temporal Database Concepts - Answer (click here)
215. Spatial Database Concepts - Answer (click here)
216. Multimedia Database Concepts - Answer (click here)
217. Introduction to Deductive Databases - Answer (click here)
chapter 27 Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search

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218. Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search - Answer (click here)
219. Information Retrieval (IR) Concepts - Answer (click here)
220. Retrieval Models - Answer (click here)
221. Types of Queries in IR Systems - Answer (click here)
222. Text Preprocessing - Answer (click here)
223. Inverted Indexing - Answer (click here)
224. Evaluation Measures of Search Relevance - Answer (click here)
225. Web Search and Analysis - Answer (click here)
226. Trends in Information Retrieval - Answer (click here)
chapter 28 Data Mining Concepts

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227. Data Mining Concepts - Answer (click here)
228. Overview of Data Mining Technology - Answer (click here)
229. Association Rules - Answer (click here)
230. Classification - Data Mining - Answer (click here)
231. Clustering - Answer (click here)
232. Approaches to Other Data Mining Problems - Answer (click here)
233. Applications of Data Mining - Answer (click here)
234. Commercial Data Mining Tools - Answer (click here)
chapter 29 Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP
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227. Data Mining Concepts - Answer (click here)
228. Overview of Data Mining Technology - Answer (click here)
229. Association Rules - Answer (click here)
230. Classification - Data Mining - Answer (click here)
231. Clustering - Answer (click here)
232. Approaches to Other Data Mining Problems - Answer (click here)
233. Applications of Data Mining - Answer (click here)
234. Commercial Data Mining Tools - Answer (click here)
235. Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP - Answer (click here)
236. Introduction, Definitions, and Terminology - Data warehouses - Answer
(click here)
237. Characteristics of Data Warehouses - Answer (click here)
238. Data Modeling for Data Warehouses - Answer (click here)
239. Building a Data Warehouse - Answer (click here)
240. Typical Functionality of a Data Warehouse - Answer (click here)
241. Data Warehouse versus Views - Answer (click here)
242. Difficulties of Implementing Data Warehouses - Answer (click here)

Fundamentals of Database Systems - Lecture Notes, Study Material and Important Questions, Answers

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Fundamentals of Database Systems - Lecture Notes, Study Material and Important Questions, Answers

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Subject : FUNDAMENTALS OF Database Systems

chapter 2 Database System Concepts and Architecture

PART 2 The Relational Data Model and SQL

chapter 4 Basic SQL

chapter 5 More SQL Complex Queries Triggers Views and

chapter 6 The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus

PART 3 Conceptual Modeling and Database Design

chapter 8 The Enhanced Entity Relationship EER MODEL

chapter 9 Relational Database Design by ER and EER to

chapter 10 Practical Database Design Methodology and Use of

PART 4 Object Object Relational and XML Concepts Models

chapter 12 XML Extensible Markup Language

PART 5 Database Programming Techniques

chapter 14 Web Database Programming Using PHP

PART 6 Database Design Theory and Normalization

chapter 16 Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further

PART 7 File Structures Indexing and Hashing

chapter 18 Indexing Structures for Files

PART 8 Query Processing and Optimization and Database Tuning

chapter 20 Physical Database Design and Tuning

PART 9 Transaction Processing Concurrency Control and

chapter 22 Concurrency Control Techniques

chapter 23 Database Recovery Techniques

PART 10 Additional Database Topics Security and Distribution

chapter 25 Distributed Databases

PART 11 Advanced Database Models Systems and Applications

chapter 27 Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search

chapter 28 Data Mining Concepts

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