Organization of the nervous system

8-1
Model neuron

8-2
Axonal transport

8-4
There are 3 functional classes of neurons

8-3
8-5
The neuropil of the CNS

8-6
8-6
Knowledge of the electrical properties of neurons is essential to
understanding how the the nervous system works.

5-37
Apparatus for intracellular recording of membrane potential

5-33
The fluid mosaic model of membranes

3-4r
Leak conductance channels

Ligand activated channels

Voltage-gated channels

Mechanically-gated
The genesis of an equilibrium potential

5-34
5-34
5-34
5-35
Nernst eqn. Eion = RT ln [ion]1
ZF [ion]2

Eion = 61 log [ion]1

[ion]2
Fig 5-30
 The resting membrane potential of a cell that is
permeable to multiple ionic species can be calculated
using the Goldman, Hodgkin, Katz equation

Goldman, Hodgkin, Katz eqn.

Em =61 log Pk [K]o + PNa [Na]o + PCl [Cl]i

Pk [K]i + PNa [Na]i + PCl [Cl]o
Passive spread of graded potentials

8-7r
Graded potentials can lead to the initiation of an action potential

8-8
8-8
The generation of an Action Potential

8-9
The operation of a voltage-gated Na channel

8-10
 Action potentials are regenerative events involving positive
feedback in which membrane depolarization actives voltage-
gated Na channels that depolarize the membrane

8-11
8-12
Stimulus strength is encoded by receptor potential amplitude, action potential
frequency and the quantity of transmitter release

8-13
Mechanism of action potential propagation

8-15
8-15
8-15
8-16
8-17
Saltatory conduction along a myelinated nerve

8-18
Electrolyte imbalance can disrupt electrical signaling

8-19
Ionic currents are
measured using voltage
clamp technology
Patch clamp measurements
of single voltage dependent
sodium channels

ensemble average curent

single current traces

Secondary structure of voltage-gated sodium channel
Voltage sensor
activation gate
Families of voltage-gated channels
Mechanisms of synaptic transmission

8-20
8-21
Synthesis and recycling of Ach at a synapse

8-22
Ionotropic vs metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors

8-23
Mechanisms for terminating the action of neurotransmitters

8-24
8-25
8-25
Neurons integrate the activity of
many synaptic inputs

8-26
Spatial summation

8-27
8-27
Temporal summation

8-28
8-28
8-29
Long term potentiation involves the
coordinated activities of two
classes of glutamate receptors

8-30
Peripheral nerves have a strong regenerative potential following injury

** CNS neurons also regenerate

8-32