Politics, Markets and Culture

Comparison of the Job in extinction and Job of the

Future

Wu Wai I (Lilian)
Cristina Airosa Leong
Library Assistant
Library assistant is a professional trained in information science. Working at a school,
a local library, or even for the government, a librarian aides those in need of
informational articles and services while managing and organizing those materials as
well.

Library assistants typically do the following:

● Loan library materials to patrons and collect returned materials
● Sort and re-shelve returned books, periodicals, and other materials
● Organize and maintain library materials
● Handle inter-library loans
● Register new patrons and issue library cards
● Answer patrons’ questions and help them find library resources
● Maintain computer databases used to locate library materials
● Help plan and participate in special programs, such as used-book sales and
outreach programs

New Certainties

Macau has totally 303 libraries including public, schools, Specialized, Colleges and
university in 2016 and have 304 in 2015. There are 647 library assistants in 2016 and
681 in 2015.
Macau has 70 public library and 366 library assistant in 2016. In 2015, we have 391
library assistant of public library. The people who work as a library assistant was
decreasing. The library assistants who work as a public officers have about MOP
19,000 per month and work in private libraries have about MOP 15,000 per month.
The median monthly employment earning in 2016 was MOP 18,000. The salary of
the public library assistant was just a little higher than the median.
The lack of full-time staff in the library and the maintenance of basic operations by
part-time staff will affect the quality of management and also affect the operation
and innovation of the library. To make the library more effective, the issue of human
resources is a top priority.

Yearbook of Statistics (2016) http://www.dsec.gov.mo/Statistic.aspx?lang=en-

US&NodeGuid=d45bf8ce-2b35-45d9-ab3a-ed645e8af4bb

Macau Library didn’t have any global competitive. Macau’s libraries were small and
didn’t have much books. Macau only have 2,118,728 book collection in the libraries.
Also as the improvement of the technology, people like to read online rather than
borrow books from the library. Reading online was more convenience and effective.
This is the world bibrary ranking in 2016.

World’s most literate Nation (2016)

http://www.ccsu.edu/wmln/library.html
Change Leader

In 2016, public library purchase funds are MOP 65.9 million, reduction of MOP 9.2
million compared to 2015.

The government's investment in paper books and e-books is quite high. Excluding
the e-book library, only books on paper were purchased, and public libraries and
school libraries spent about 80 million yuan in public money all year round.

Since there are sufficient funds for the purchase of books, the amount of library
collection in small towns should also be quite substantial. However, many libraries
lack statistical data. At present, they can only list the number of books collected by
public libraries, schools and universities and other libraries under the Culture Bureau
for public reference.

Looking at the more than 300 libraries listed by the Macao Library and Information
Management Association, its management organization, size, and number of books
are not enough. The management methods and the quality of the books are even
different. Some of them can only be regarded as "A place with”discarding books"
and a far different from the library we know. It has not even been known to the
public. And of the more than three hundred "libraries", how many books of the
library take care of ethnic minorities in the district or people with visual impairment?
How many have access facilities? How much care has taken care of the population
structure of the district? Quantity is not equal to quality. If the library fails to play its
role, the quantity is useless.

Since there is currently no official library degree in Macaa to regulate the public
library business, public libraries still choose to recruit and recruit personnel. This has
made the current public library workers' professional background, information
literacy, and business. With varying levels of ability, the community has reservations
about the professionalism of library practitioners.

Macao Library Review (2015)

http://www.mlima.org.mo/mlima/researchPaper#
Information Challenge

Due to the rapid development of global integration, the public’s demand for
information is increasing and it requires deep processing of information. On the
other hand, public libraries cannot meet the demands of readers due to factors such
as tradition, funding, and talents. Demand has led many readers to prefer to spend
their money to buy books or obtain information through other channels such as the
Internet. In some university libraries, despite the huge amount of library resources,
there are few books actually needed by students, and the library sources are
updated slowly, and even some of them exist. Serious shortage of professional
books.The traditional library is a collection of printed books and periodicals.
However, most of the information that can be found in libraries today can also be
searched on computers. Well, with just a click, you can get so much information.
What role will the library play in the future?

At present, a large amount of information technology is used in the management of

public libraries. With the increasing improvement of information technology, the
automation of public libraries has become more and more popular, the proportion of
digital collections has also grown rapidly, and the development of libraries has
departed. Without information technology, it can even be said that the development
of the library depends to a certain extent on the technology and level of its
information. To master information is to master the trend.

Under the stimulation of the continuous development of information technology,

the operating mode of traditional libraries will eventually be eliminated. People's
desire for electronic documents will make the direction of library operations another
new era. Readers will be able to find the necessary information in various databases
without being limited by time and space as long as they use the Internet at home.
Some people think that with the development of Internet resources, all kinds of
electronic data are at your fingertips, and the status of libraries seems to be getting
lower and lower.
Knowledge worker productivity

In Macao, whenever public vacancies are found in public libraries, public

announcements are generally made and open recruitment is conducted. The
constituents of the library’s comprehensive candidates are selected based on their
merits. According to past experience, applicants generally have a university degree,
but most of them do not have a bachelor degree in library science. It can be said that
there is a limited amount of professional knowledge in library science; on the other
hand, some of those admitted are even librarians with a professional qualification in
library. Most of them are studying in the Mainland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and
the United States. The library education in other places varies from place to place.
There are endless applications in the classification, cataloging, and machine-readable
format of library science are different from Macau. It was because there is no library
education in Macau. People who are interested in developing in the library industry
have only obtained places outside of Macau, including Taiwan, Portugal, and China,
or have completed professional degrees by distance education. Macau only have the
certificate course of library education.

Managing Oneself

In the era of knowledge economy, the continuous advancement of network

information technology has made libraries, which provide users with knowledge as
their core business, face new operational challenges. The library is an organization
that collects, organizes, and organizes information and also provides users with
knowledge content. Under the torrent of technology, the breadth and depth of users’
demand for information content and the way to obtain information are linear.
Single-point links have been transformed into multi-directional links, and the
library's traditional mission of collecting, organizing and organizing information has
also been strongly impacted. Faced with these changes, the pre-service training of
library staff is often insufficient to cope. Only by continuing to teach, enrich
professional knowledge, and learn new skills, can we meet the needs of readers and
improve the quality of services.

In general media and literary works, the image of librarians is mostly negative. It
seems that librarians are given the impression that they wear gold-rimmed glasses
and women, and they constantly use cold faces to ask readers to watch the behavior
of readers in a quiet or eye-catching manner. Although people know that this is an
exaggerated description of the effects of the media for manufacturing, it still affects
people's impressions of librarians and indirectly affects the librarians' position in
society. In addition, most people do not understand the work of librarians. They
always think that the work of librarians is competent for anyone and does not
require any special academic background: “The librarian’s image status and status
have been unsatisfactory. Because its responsibilities have been stereotyped by
many people in the management of books, turning books to find information, what
they are engaged in do not involve knowledge, not what any knowledge of the
work." This erroneous image makes the professional status of librarians doubtful.

Most people do not know exactly what librarians are doing. This has caused the role
of librarians in universities to be ambiguous and difficult to improve. For a long time,
librarians have been hiding in the library and doing unchangeable work. They rarely
promote themselves and allow readers to clarify the ideas or actions of librarians.
Librarians are generally only defined by the idea of reference functions. In the
general reader's cognition, librarians can assist them in finding the information they
are looking for because they are more familiar with the library's environment and
the location of the data than the library professional they have. Although the reason
for this kind of cognitive misunderstanding has existed for a long time, the negative
attitude of librarians is also one of the main causes of the inability of librarians to
advance.

Human Resources Manager

Human resources managers plan, direct, and coordinate the administrative functions
of an organization. They oversee the recruiting, interviewing, and hiring of new staff;
consult with top executives on strategic planning; and serve as a link between an
organization's management and its employees.

The duties of Human resources manager:

(1) Recruitment: According to the employee conditions determined by the
company's goals, through the planning, recruitment, examination, evaluation,
selection, access to the personnel required by the company.

(2) Integration: Through the effective integration of corporate culture, information

communication, harmonious interpersonal relationships, and resolution of conflicts
and conflicts, the goals, behaviors, and attitudes of individuals and people within the
company are trended toward the requirements and concepts of the company,
resulting in a high degree of cooperation and coordination, and the collective
Advantages, improve business productivity and efficiency.

(3) Maintenance: Through a series of management activities such as salary,

assessment, promotion, etc., the employees' enthusiasm, initiative and creativity are
maintained, and the legitimate rights and interests of the laborers are safeguarded
to ensure the employees' safety, health, and comfortable working environment in
the workplace so as to enhance the sense of employee satisfaction. To make it
satisfied with the work.

(4) Evaluation: Comprehensive evaluation, appraisal, and evaluation of employees'

work results, labor attitudes, skill levels, and other aspects provide the basis for
making decisions such as reward, punishment, elevation, and stay.
(5) Development: Through employee training, job enrichment, and career planning
and development, employees' knowledge, skills, and other aspects are enhanced,
their labor capacity is enhanced and brought into full play, and their personal value
and contribution to the company are maximized.

New Certainties

According Government of
Macao Special Administrative Region Statistics and Census Service .For the whole
year of 2017, a total of 5,177 new companies were incorporated. Therefore, the
demand of the Human Resources Manager is growing up. An estimate based on the
number firms in Macau.(Government of Macao Special Administrative Region
Statistics and Census Service(2017)
http://www.dsec.gov.mo/home_zhmo.aspx)

According the Talent Development Committee Of Macau, we can see the Human
Resources Manager did not have enough people in Macau. (Macau Talent
Development Committee(2017)
http://www.scdt.gov.mo)

Demand for human resources professionals is, on average, higher than the national
job growth average for all other professions. The BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics)
reports that HR jobs opportunities should be best in the management of companies
and enterprises.
Take a look at the job growth projections predicted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics over the next decade:Human Resources Managers — 9 percent, a little
faster than average.

Change Leader

The long-term mechanism of talent training is one of the five long-term mechanisms
established by the current Government. In order to better implement the talent
training work, the Government established the Talents Development Committee in
2014, the work of which is to establish a sound talents development system for the
SAR so that the residents can fully develop their personal talents. The Committee has
three basic functions:
1. Forecast of talent needs (The Task Force of Planning and Evaluation)
2. Talents training and encouragement (The Task Force of Talents Training
Program)
3. The use of talent resources (The Task Force of Encouraging Talents to Return
to Macau)
UNESCO Internship Programme (2018)

Introduction: To offer internship opportunities at the headquarters, field offices and

affiliated organisations of UNESCO for outstanding young people of Macao, the
Macao SAR Government has signed a cooperative agreement with UNESCO. Jointly
launched by the Talents Development Committee and the Macao Foundation in
2017, the programme subsidises the internships provided by UNESCO for 10 eligible
Macao residents each year at most, doing so for the purpose of broadening the
horizon of the youth of Macao and enabling them to develop expertise through
practical work.

Guangdong-Macau Summer Internship Programme (2018)

Introduction: This programme gives tertiary Macao students--who are studying in

Macau, mainland China or other places and who are permanent Macao residents
between the ages of 18 and 29--the opportunity to have internships at companies or
institutions in cities around the Pearl River Delta Greater Bay Area. The purpose is to
help them gain a better understanding of Chinese socio-economic development as
well as a competitive edge in innovative development in the Chinese mainland.

Information Challenge

Human resources managers have three aspects of responsibility to the organizations

that employ them. Unlike other departmental managers whose responsibilities focus
on running their departments and respective teams of employees, HR managers are
responsible for the HR department functions, supervising the HR staff and ensuring
that the organization's entire workforce is cohesive, engaged and productive.

Perception
Personnel administration--responsible for collecting employees' time sheets,
processing payroll and scheduling open enrollment for employee's health coverage--
is now a strategic business partner accountable for creating a workforce that meets
the organization's needs. Executive leadership's perception of HR has to improve so
that HR managers can participate in determining the direction of the company.

Employee Relationships
Many workers equate going to the HR department with going to the school
principal's office. That suggests two challenges for HR managers--that employees
feel there's a parent-child relationship in the workplace, instead of adult-adult
relationship, and that nothing good can come out of a visit to the HR department. To
convince employees that HR is an employee advocate as much as it is an advocate
for the company, HR managers have to devise ways to put a face on HR, so to speak.
HR managers are challenged to get out of the confines of the HR department and get
to know employees. For organizations that operate 24/7, this means that HR
managers or their staff need to be the face of HR around the clock to let all
employees know that HR is there to address their needs.

Budget
Because HR departments are revenue-producing, HR managers frequently have to
justify budget allocation and the return on investment in HR spending. Just saying
that money for HR activities support the organization's most valuable resource--its
people--isn't nearly enough to get the kind of budget that supports all of the
functions that HR managers would probably like to do. Aside from the basic items
related to recruitment, selection, benefits and payroll, HR managers who lobby for
extras like costly workforce assessments, employee opinion surveys and advice and
counsel from subject matter experts sometimes are denied the amount of money
they request. Even training is sometimes considered an extra and unnecessary
expense, though it can have a direct impact on maintaining the organization's talent
and employees' skills. And, it's not just private sector HR managers who feel the
strain of requesting bigger budgets. Public sector HR managers with the federal
government report that budget constraints tie their hands, making it virtually
impossible to offer salaries that compete with private sector jobs.

Knowledge worker productivity

In Macau,The School of Business Administration, University of Macau, receives
approximately 250-260 students each year; in the second year, the human resources
receive approximately 60-70 students. Many human resources courses developed by
different learning center and university.
Human Resources Profession Club in Macau Management Association
Human Resources Professional Club (HR Club) is a special interest group under the
organisation of Macau Management Association. The HR club aims to collate local
HR professionals in meeting and sharing experience and information.Provide a
platform for members to have more opportunities to meet and share valuable
experience.Provide the most updated HR news and opportunities for foreign exchange
and study.Let members and HR experts to conduct research and studies on local HR
problems.

Managing Oneself

As an HR practitioner, you should develop the skills involved in carrying out self-audits
about the effects of your work practices on your own effectiveness and well-being . You
will practise carrying out self-audits.Developing your skills as an HR professional.

There are three very closely related skills which will help you to manage your
working life, and the balance between your working life and your social life or family
responsibilities. These skills are: organising yourself, managing time and managing
stress. Unfortunately, there is no universal prescription for any of these skills.
However, you will consider what events make you stressed, the impact that different
demands and pressures have on you, and different ways of dealing with them so that
you can maximise your well-being. This means identifying the strategies that you can
use not only to cope with stress, but also to prevent it and achieve a better balance
between your working life and your social life or family responsibilities.

You will be asked to think in a very practical way about how you manage yourself in
the workplace and what works best for you in managing workplace pressures.

The challenges of managing oneself may seem obvious, if not elementary. And the
answers may seem self-evident to the point of appearing naïve. But managing
oneself requires new and unprecedented things from the individual, and especially
from the knowledge worker. In effect, managing oneself demands that each
knowledge worker thinks and behaves like a Chief Executive Officer.

Comparison of job in extinction and job in the future

Job In Extinction: Job In the Future:

Library Assistant Human Resources
Manager

New Certainties Low Demand Large Demand

Change Leader No official decree Training and find talent

Info Challenge buy books

1. Perception
Internet 2. Employee
Relationships
3. Budget
automation

Knowledge-worker No library science Knowledge of Macau

Productivity labor legislations
Study abroad
Good Command in
spoken and written
English and Chinese

Managing Oneself low status Develop the skills

involved in carrying out
negative image self-audits about the
effects of your work.

practices on your own

effectiveness and well-
being.

Conclusion

Library assistant in Macau was low demand. Macau did not pay enough
attention in promoting library aspect. There are not development and official
law about library in Macau. The library was not valued. Nowadays, because of
the improvement of the technology, the technology eliminated the library
assistant. Also the library assistants have low status with negative image. This
led the extinction of the library assistant.

Human resources in Macau still have high demand as we can see the statistics
in Macau. We cannot keep talent therefore we lack of Human Resources
Manager in Macau.Also, as a HR manager who need a professional skill and a
huge social network.In the future, we need more HR manager in Macau cause
HR manager as a link between an organization's management and its
employees.This is a very important position. A well relationship between HR
manager and employee cause HR managers or their staff need to be the face of
HR around the clock to let all employees know that HR is there to address their
needs.
The robot cannot replace the Human Resources Manager as Meeting with
senior staff and business partners.Employee relations and engagement
Meeting with employees and these are all tasks that are very unlikely to be
automated.
Indeed, automation and technology only makes social and so-called “soft”
skills more important. Robots don’t have negotiation, collaboration,
communication, mediation and empathy skills.These are the skills that HR
professionals have in spades, and it’s ultimately why robots won’t replace HR.
They’ll do time-consuming technical tasks, yes, but when it comes to
addressing employee engagement or improving company culture, it takes a
human touch.

References
Yearbook of Statistics (2016)
http://www.dsec.gov.mo/Statistic.aspx?lang=en-US&NodeGuid=d45bf8ce-2b35-
45d9-ab3a-ed645e8af4bb

World’s most literate Nation (2016)

http://www.ccsu.edu/wmln/library.html

Macao Library Review (2015)

http://www.mlima.org.mo/mlima/researchPaper#

Macau Talent Development Committee(2017)

http://www.scdt.gov.mo

Government of Macao Special Administrative Region Statistics and Census

Service(2017)
http://www.dsec.gov.mo/home_zhmo.aspx