The functional group contains only

carbon and hydrogen atoms

Yes No

There are only single bonds Contains a halogen

Yes No Yes No

ALKANE Contains an sp2- hybridized HALOALKANE (OR

Contains a nitrogen atom
HnC – CHn carbon (i.e. a double bond) ACYL HALIDE)
R–X
Yes No or O Yes No
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R–C–X

ALKENE ALKYNE Carbon bonded to the nitrogen

Contains a sulfur atom
HnC = CHn HnC ≡ CHn also has a double bond to oxygen

Yes No Yes No

AMIDE The nitrogen atom is linked to The sulfur atom is bonded to

Contains only one oxygen
O the carbon by a single bond carbon and hydrogen
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R – C – NH2
Yes No Yes No Yes No

In addition to being bonded to a carbon, the NITRILE THIOL SULFIDE The oxygen atom is bonded Contains a carbonyl and hydroxyl
nitrogen is also bonded to two hydrogen atoms R–C≡N R – SH R – S – R’ to an sp3-hybridised carbon group both linked to the same carbon

Yes No Yes No Yes No

AMINE NITRO The oxygen atom is bond- The carbon of the carbonyl group is CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER
R – NH2 R – NO2 ed to only one carbon bonded to two other carbons O O
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Yes No Yes No R – C – OH R – C – OR’

ALCOHOL The two carbons linked to the oxygen KETONE ALDEHYDE

R – OH atom are also linked and form a cycle O O
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Yes No R – C – R’ R–C–H

Legend EPOXIDE ETHER

O R – O – R’
/ \
n = 0, 1, 2 or 3
Rn – C – C – R’n
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R = alkyls, aryls or Hs Hn Hn

R’ = alkyls, aryls, Hs or R