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The above figure shows two plates that is movable part and another is one support, the movable part moved due to
actuator because it gives vibrations. These two plates are fitted to each other with the help of guide. When
electrical input gives to the microcontroller and then to actuator then this actuator convert electrical signal into
mechanical movements through the electro-mechanical actuator. Shaking table is response of structure during
earthquake and set up driven by actuator. It may drive in one dimension, two or three dimensions. The shaking
table is designed to test the civil structure under seismic loading then that type is called as earthquake simulator
[2]. This type of test performed under the gravitational field then subjected to the shaking table test, specimens are
placed on table and shaking process start at limited certain frequency and time is set by the operator.
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IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
ISRAJIF (2017): 4.011 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 64.35
IJIRAE © 2014- 18, All Rights Reserved Page –141
International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 04, Volume 5 (April 2018) www.ijirae.com
According to vibration of a actuator basically shaking table driven by two methods i.e. hydraulic and electric
shaking table. Only selected parameters used in medium scale for designing the hydraulic circuit and select the
proper value of each parameter. These type of application are used for transportation facilities test, mechanical
testing.
III. ELASTOMERIC BEARING
Roller bearing, Elastomeric bearing, friction sliding bearing these are classification of the base insulators.
Elastomeric bearing contain the laminated lead rubber bearing (LRB), high dumping laminated rubber bearing
(HDBR), low dumping laminated rubber bearing. This type of insulator has own stiffness and earthquake response
based on analysis performance method. Mostly friction pendulum bearing and lead rubber bearing are used.
Isolation bearings are developing for seismic isolation protection of structure. Elastomeric bearing contains two
alternative layers i.e. steel shim and rubber and elastomers made by either neoprene or natural. The leading
rubber bearing contain lead plug and middle which absorb energy. In high dumping rubber bearing system limited
energy transferred from ground to structure [3]. The fig 3 shows elastomeric material provides horizontal
flexibility, steel shim provides vertical load capacity and lead core maintain power dissipation again minimizing
lateral duckling. The Elastomeric bearing systems are most common; it consists of big rubber block which is
natural and synthetic that is characterized by high vertical stiffness, it compared with high horizontal stiffness and
damping capacity. The lead core provides energy dissipation under the high literal loads. To low literal load, the
lead rubber bearing is stiff for vertically as well as literally.
K = (1)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
ISRAJIF (2017): 4.011 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 64.35
IJIRAE © 2014- 18, All Rights Reserved Page –142
International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 04, Volume 5 (April 2018) www.ijirae.com
The individual rubber thickness can be control by bulging, thus compression modulus for individual, solid or
circular when rubber is incompressible i.e.
E = 6GS (2)
Here S is the shape factor then dimensionless geometric parameter for single rubber layer is,
Loaded area
S =
Area free to bulge
The steel plate contains contribution to deformation of central lead core and rubber layer deform during
earthquake and allows bearing absorb energy. The elastomeric bearing is resisting the seismic force and low in
transferring structural acceleration.
IV. BASE ISOLATION TECHNIQUE
The patent of base isolation is first registered in 1800’s and in very few building the base isolation technique are
used, the first material used for base isolation was made up of lead rubber bearing which generate high flexibility.
The base isolation is the concept of separation of base from beneath and protects the structure from damage. The
seismic force is nothing but a movement in ground tends to damage the structure. So concept of base isolation is
best option for preventing from a damaging. Sliding bearing system and lead rubber bearing these two systems are
mostly used which reduces response of structure and increases the displacement near fault motion. But there are
limitations for the displacement For example, when ground moves the roller also freely roll, but superstructure will
be not move. Because no any force will be transferred in the superstructure. Now for same structure if we adjust
the pads which having resistance against the movements. Then at that condition force will transferred above
building [6]. If we adjust the pads properly, force induced by ground and ground movements only for few seconds
these is known as fixed base building and adjustable pads called as base isolator. Therefore the base isolated
buildings are the best secure structures. The base isolation technique not allowed for all type of structure i.e. it
acceptable for low and medium rise building that rested on hard soil but not high rise building and also soft soil.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
The real time program is successfully development through the labview software to reproduce seismic signal based
on earthquake data. The result of displacement that is increases with period and with height of story in base
insolated building. High structure such as buildings, bridges, power plant these are protected from best technology
known as base isolation. The concept of base isolator that is lead rubber bearing is discussed briefly; the response
of vibration is with respect to the height of story. Therefore from above analysis accuracy of reproduced seismic
signal has been improved as compared to another result. To minimize impact of earthquake to dissipating
earthquake ground motion to surrounding through flexible horizontal stiffness is possible due to solution of the
elastomeric bearing technique.
REFERENCES
1. Md. ArmanChowdhury and Wahid Hassan, Comparative study of the Dynamic Analysis of Multi-storey Irregular
building with or without Base Isolator, Proc of IJSET, Volume No.2, Issue No.9, 1.Sept.2013, pp : 909-912
2. Laurie Chevallier, Alejandro Verri Kozlowski, Juan Mussat. (2010). Considerations of a Shaking Table for Seismic
Analysis of Structures.Buenos Aires, Argentina: Facultad de Ingeniería Civil. UBA
3. AlaaBarmo, Imad H. Mualla and Hala T. Hasan, “The Behavior of Multi-Story Buildings Seismically Isolated
System Hybrid Isolation (Friction, Rubber and with the Addition of Rotational Friction Dampers),” Open Journal
of Earthquake Research, 2015, 4, 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojer.2015.41001.
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IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
ISRAJIF (2017): 4.011 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 64.35
IJIRAE © 2014- 18, All Rights Reserved Page –144
International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 04, Volume 5 (April 2018) www.ijirae.com
4. Constantinou, M.C.; Whittaker, A.S; Kalpakidis, Y.; Fenz, D.M.; Warn, G.P. Performacne of SeismicIsolation
Hardware under Service and Seismic Loading; Technical Report MCEER-07-0012; Multidisciplinary Center for
Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New York at Buffalo:
5. Warn, G.P.; Whittaker, A.S. A Study of the Coupled Horizontal-Vertical Behavior of Elastomeric andLead-rubber
Seismic Isolation Bearings; Technical Report MCEER-06-0011; Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake
Engineering Research: Buffalo, NY, USA, 2006.
6. Naeim, F.; Kelly, J.M. Design of Seismic Isolated Structures: From Theory to Practice, 1st ed.; JohnWiley and
Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1999.
7. Stuart Bennion, Jason Collins, Nat Wongprasert, Michael D. Symans.(n.d.). SHAKING TABLE DEMONSTRATION
OF DYNAMICRESPONSE OF BASE-ISOLATED BUILDINGS. the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
8. HosseinMonfared, AyoubShirvani, Sunny Nwaubani “An investigation into the seismic base isolation from
practical perspective”, International Journal Of Civil And Structural Engineering, Volume 3, No 3, 2013”
9. Morgan, T.A. and Mahin, S.A. (2011) The Use of Base Isolation Systems to Achieve Complex Seismic
PerformanceObjectives. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center College of Engineering University of
California, Berkele.
10.Gordon P. Warn and Keri L. Ryan. (2012, August 3rd). A Review of Seismic Isolation for Buildings: Historical
Development and Research Needs. Buildings, 2, p. 300-325. doi:10.3390/buildings2030300
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IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
ISRAJIF (2017): 4.011 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 64.35
IJIRAE © 2014- 18, All Rights Reserved Page –145