CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

LAW RELATING TO WOMEN AND CHILDREN ROUGH DRAFT

ON
“STRIDHAN”

SUBMITTED BY:- SUPERVISED BY:-

ALISHA ANAND MR. VIJAYANT SINHA

5TH YEAR

B.A.LLB

ROLL NO. – 910

JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS.

Bhagwan Das vs. Maina Bai (1920) 7 IA 213.

The Supreme Court held that right of disposal of the stridhan varies with the nature of the
stridhan. For this purpose the stridhan has been divided into saudayika and asaudayika stridhan.
During marriage the saudayika stridhan could be alienated freely by her, but asaudayika stridhan
could be alienated by her with the consent of her husband only This rule is subject to the
condition that where husband and wife live together. Where both have departed, asaudayika
stridhnn can be disposed of by the wife even without the consent of her husband. Generally
husband has no control over the stridhan of his wife, yet in emergency he could still use and
dispose the same without the consent of his wife. In calamities or for religious purpose or if the
wife has taken the stridhan, then its return or repayment depended upon the wishes of the
husband.

Devimangal vs. Mahadeo Pd. (Pd 34 IA 234 (PC).

The Court held that bride has got an absolute, exclusive dominion over all her Stridhan, received
during the marriage. This includes both movable and immovable property, while she has the
power to sell, alienate or give it away as she pleases both during her lifetime and thereafter. Her
husband and in-law’s family members have no rights over a woman’s Stridhan. It is, therefore,
manifest that the position of Stridhan of a Hindu married woman’s property during covertures is
absolutely clear and unambiguous; she is the absolute owner of such property and can deal with
it in any manner she likes, she may spend the whole of it or give it away at her own pleasure by
gift or will without any reference to her husband. Ordinarily, the husband has no right or interest
in it with the sole exception that in times of extreme distress, as in famine, illness or the like, the
husband can utilize it but he is morally bound to restore it or its value when he is able to do so. It
needs to be understood that the marriage expenses and dowry are not Stridhan.

Vinod Kumar Sethi vs. Punjab State (AIR 1982 Punj 372)

The Punjab and Haryana High Court has given an important decision with respect to stridhan.
According to this High Court whatever has been received by a bride in marriage or whatever has
been gifted to her falls under stridhan. The court divided the gifts and dowry given to her under
three heads. First, those items which are given to the bride for her exclusive use; secondly, those
which are to be used by her and her husband jointly and thirdly, those which, are to be used by
her husband and in laws. Over the first category she has the exclusive right and she is the
exclusive owner thereof; over those coming under the second category the court's view was that
by saying that both the spouses have the right to use it will not extinguish the right of ownership
of the wife even then. In case the marriage breaks or the marriage is dissolved then too the wife
has the right to get back those items and she can keep them in her exclusive possession.

Laxman vs. Kalicharan, ((1873) 19 WR 292 PC).

It has also been held that where a widow retains her possession for more than 12 years over a
joint family property against the heirs, it becomes her Stridhan. Similarly that property is also
included under stridhan which is obtained by a widow from government with permanent or
alienable rights. Where a property is gifted to a woman at the time of her marriage, is included in
stridhan but if the donor is not known to her previously then the husband has a superior authority
over the property gifted. According to Dayabhaga immovable property gifted to wife by her
husband is not stridhan. However, earnings from stridhan or savings therefrom fall under the
head stridhan. In the same way the clothes and ornaments of a woman are also treated as
stridhan.

Pratibha Rani vs. Suraj Kumar (AIR 1985 SC 628.)

The Supreme Court held that whatever gifts, presentations and dowry articles are given to a
woman in marriage, would be regarded as her absolute property. All the gold ornaments, clothes
and other items of dowry given at the time of marriage to a Hindu female are her Stridhan and
she enjoys complete control over it. The mere fact that she is living with her husband and using
the dowry items jointly does not affect her right of absolute ownership over them. The court
observed, it cannot be said that once a woman enters her matrimonial home she completely loses
her exclusive stridhan by the same being treated as a joint property of the spouses. In other
words, if this view is taken in its literal sense the consequence would be to deprive the wife of
the absolute character and nature of her stridhan and make the husband a co-owner of the same,
such a concept is neither contemplated nor known to Hindu law of Stridhan, nor does it appeal to
pure common sense.