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LTE: HARQ (1) - HARQ Introduction (2013-03-21 19:51:34) Re p▼
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label: Lte Harq introduction Harq Category: LTE

HARQ Introduction

      HARQ ( Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ), a hybrid automatic repeat request,

Jinhui_LTE is a technology that combines FEC ( forward error correction ) and ARQ (
Newly read the world automatic repeat request ) methods.
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Scanning       FEC can reduce the number of retransmissions by adding redundant
downloading information so that the receiver can correct some errors. (See [3] for details )
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      For errors that cannot be corrected by FEC , the receiving end requests the
sender to retransmit data through the ARQ mechanism. The receiver uses an error
detection code, usually a CRC check , to detect if the received data packet is in
error. If there is no error, then send a positive acknowledgment ( ACK ); if there is
Blog level: an error, the receiver will discard the packet and send a negative acknowledgment
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( NACK ) to the sender. After the sender receives the NACK , it will retransmit the
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      The previously described ARQ mechanism uses the way to drop packets and
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request retransmissions. However, although these packets cannot be decoded
correctly, they still contain useful information. If discarded, this useful information
is lost. By using HARQ with soft combining , the received erroneous data packet is
stored in a HARQ buffer , and is combined with the subsequently received
retransmission data packet, thereby obtaining a more reliable data packet than
decoding alone. The combined data packet is then decoded. If it still fails,
retransmission is requested and soft combining is performed.
      According to whether the retransmitted bit information is the same as the
original transmission, HARQ with soft combining is classified into Chase combining
and incremental redundancy ( IR ). The bit information retransmitted in Chase
combining is the same as the original transmission; bit information retransmitted in
incremental redundancy does not need to be the same as the original
transmission. Here we only introduce incremental redundancy, because this
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LTE: HARQ (1) - HARQ Introduction - Jinhui - LTE - Sina Blog
      In incremental redundancy, each retransmission does not need to be the same
as the initial transmission. Instead, multiple sets of coded bits are generated , each
carrying the same information . Whenever retransmission is required, a different
coded bit set is usually transmitted . The receiver will combine the retransmitted
data with the previously transmitted data. The set of coded bits for each
retransmission is called a redundancy version ( Redundancy Version , RV )
      Since retransmissions may carry additional parity bits (not included in the
previous transmission Parity 'bit ), so that the retransmission rate will be reduced.
Each retransmission may include a different coded bit from the initial transmission
number , and different retransmission modulation methods may also be different.
      Figure 1 is an example of incremental redundancy:
Figure 1 : Example of incremental redundancy
      Here we use the DL-SCH physical layer processing steps to briefly introduce
the generation process of the redundancy version RV . The UL-SCH process is
similar.
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5/4/2018 LTE: HARQ (1) - HARQ Introduction - Jinhui - LTE - Sina Blog

Figure 2 : Physical layer processing of DL-SCH

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Figure 3 : Rate Matching and HARQ Function

 
      From Figure 2 and Figure 3, it can be seen that after Turbo encoding,
systematic bits , first parity bits, and second parity bits are output . These outputs
are first interleaved and inserted into a circular buffer . Among them, systematic
bits will be inserted first, then first parity bits and second parity bits are inserted
alternately.
      Different RVs mean that the bits to be sent are extracted from different
starting positions of the ring buffer .
      For DL-SCH and UL-SCH , the channel coding adopts Turbo coding. The
systematic bit in Turbo coding is more important than the parity bit . In the initial
transmission , at least all systematic bits and some parity bits are required . In
retransmission , the parity bits that are not included in the initial transmission are

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5/4/2018 LTE: HARQ (1) - HARQ Introduction - Jinhui - LTE - Sina Blog

included. . If the initial transmission (Note: This is the " first transmission " ) to
receive poor quality or did not receive, this time with only retransmitted parity bit
of the RV as good as retransmission contains all (or part) Systematic bit of RV is
more performance it is good. There are two different negative replies here: NACK
and DTX . NACK requires retransmission of additional parity bits, The DTX requires
retransmission Systematic 'bit . In summary, it is important to determine how
many systematic bits and parity bits are included in the retransmission based on
the signal quality of the previous transmission attempt .
      HARQ is by checking the CRC to determine whether the received packet error
check and CRC is performed after soft combining.
      The HARQ function spans both the physical layer and the MAC layer. Among
them, the sender generates different redundancy versions (which RV is used by the
MAC layer to tell the physical layer) and the receiver's soft-combination is the
responsibility of the physical layer. At the receiving end, the HARQ buffer is
usually located in the physical layer. This is because the physical layer needs to
perform soft combining and decoding processing on the received data.
×
 
References
[.      1] " 4G the LTE / for the LTE-Advanced Mobile Broadband " of 6.3 , 6.4 ,
10.1.1.4 section
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[2]       Section 9.2.1 of " LTE - The UMTS Long Term Evolution, 2nd Edition "
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[4]       " Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request " by Wikipedia

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Celloc
<img src="http://img.t.sinajs.cn/t4/appstyle/expression/ext/normal/d0/z2_org.gif" alt="- Lik
e" />
2013-3-21  20:40 回复(0)

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5/4/2018 LTE: HARQ (1) - HARQ Introduction - Jinhui - LTE - Sina Blog

用户0
楼主的博文和LTE通信人家的博文是我在新浪博客上看到的最好的LTE技术文档，图文并茂，解答了我不少
疑惑，希望楼主能够坚持写下去！
2013-3-22  12:11 回复(0)

strickfreedomx20a
博主很给力，希望能大家多多交流
2013-4-17  22:13 回复(1)

djoyl
我的理解，初传其实并不一定要传输所有的系统bit，见36.212的section5.1.4.1.2中的参数k0
2013-7-9  20:33 回复(1)

kidding
初传应该不一定包含全部系统比特的，一般是大部分的系统比特和部分校验比特，有了这部分校验比特就
能完整回复发送的信息，如果信道条件好的话；信道条件不好就只能要求发更多校验比特过来
2013-9-19  10:38 回复(1)

用户0
楼主的博文很精彩，加油
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苏穆彦
systematicbits是系统比特，传输消息的吗，first parity bits和second parity bits有什么不一
样？
2014-3-3  19:21 回复(1)

Zigubuxia
Hello blogger! I want to understand, HARQ buffer is usually located in the physical layer, ho
w to understand harq buffer? Is the software program defined space or hardware circuit? This
part of the content in which the agreement has instructions? Thank you blogger reply
2017-2-16 16:40 Reply (1)

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