KC32003 : BIOPROCESS PRINCIPLES

TYPES OF MICROORGANISM : FUNGI

LECTURER: DR. MARIANI RAJIN
NAME MATRIC NUMBER
AIN YVIONA FRANCIS BK15110285
RAHAYU BINTI AG. DURAIM BK15110334
NUR INSYIRAH RAIHAN BINTI IDRIS BK15110210
VANESSA SELVE ALYSIOUS BK15110343
KAREN TAN JIUN YEE BK15110306
LEE PEI CENG BK15110309
NIRWANA BINTI SINRING BK15110323
 FUNGI

Fly agaric fungus Witches butter

(Amanita muscaria) (Tremella mesenterica)
 Heterotrophic

WHAT IS?

Types Major groups

What is?
➢ Eukaryotic organisms
➢ Scientific classification
Domain : Eukaryota
Kingdom : Fungi
HETEROTROPH
= Cannot make their own food
 Obtain nutrients from other organic materials
 Fungi obtain nutrients from:
i. Saprobes - Dead organic matter
ii. Decomposers - Break down and get rid of dead
organisms
iii. Parasit – from living organism
 MAJOR GROUPS
MULTICELLULAR
MACROSCOPIC
FILAMENTOUS YEAST
FILAMENTOUS FUNGI
MOULD
• Made up of • Grow by • Small, lemon-
hyphae producing shaped single
• Hyphae grow and mycelium below cells.
intertwined until ground. • Reproduce by
mycelium is • Produce visible budding.
formed. fruiting bodies.
• Hyphal tip secretes • Fruiting body
digestive enzyme. divide to produce
• Some hyphal different parts of
branches grow the fungal
into the air and structure.
produces spore.
• Spores are spread
and grow in new
habitat.
➢TYPES
Chytridiomycota Zygomycota

Glomeromycota Ascomycota

Basidiomycota
FUNGI
Nutritional and Habitat
Range
Fungi are chlorophyllless plants and cannot
synthesize their own food unlike green plants

They are so simple in structure that they

cannot obtain inorganic food directly from
the soil, and therefore they are always
dependent for their food on some dead
organic material or living beings.
Classes In Which The Nutrition Of Fungi May
Be Classified

Saprophytes

Fungi
natural Parasites
habitat
life as:
Symbionts
(1) Saprophytes
 Fungi which obtain their food from dead organic
materials are called the saprophytes.
 Saprophytic fungi live on dead organic materials
produced by the decay of animal and plant tissues.
 Grow upon dead organic matters such as rotten
fruits, rotten vegetables, moist wood, moist leather,
cheese, rotting leaves.
 Example: Saprolegnia, Mucor, Rhizopus, Penicillium,
Morchella, Aspergillus, Agaricus.
Example: Agaricus
(2) Parasites
Fungi obtaining their prepared food from living
plants or animals.
Parasitic fungi absorb their food material from
the living tissues of the hosts on which they
parasitize.
Parasitic fungi are harmful to their hosts and
cause serious diseases.
The rusts, smuts, bunts, mildews and many other
plant diseases are important examples of fungal
diseases of crops.
Example:
(3) Symbionts
Some fungi live in close association of other
higher plants where they are mutually beneficial
to each other.
Such relationship is called the ‘symbiosis’ and
the participants the ‘symbionts’.
The algal partner synthesizes the organic food
and the fungal partner is responsible for the
absorption of inorganic nutrients and water
Example: lichens and mycorrhiza.
Example: Lichen (fungi) & green algae
Reproduction / Life Cycle of Fungi

Release of fungal
spores
 Medicine Food Agriculture

Penicillium chrysogenum

Importance of Fungi
 Fungi that cause

Pathogenic Fungi
disease in humans
and other organisms

Aspergillus fungus
• Disease: Aspergillosis (allergic reaction)
• When common mold spores are inhaled, immune system
cells surround and destroy them.
• People with a weakened immune cell are at a higher
risk of developing the disease
• Cough, fever and lung infection

Cryptococcus
• Disease: Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcal
meningitis
• Cryptococcus are usually found in soil, on decaying wood
or in bird dropping
• Affect lung and central nervous system
• Fever, chest pain and nausea