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TONGUE
Elvis Chiramel D
Third year BDS
DEVELOPMENT OF TONGUE
1. Microglossia
2. Macroglossia
3. Ankyloglossia
4. Cleft tongue
5. Fissured tongue
6. Median rhomboid glossitis
7. Benign migratory glossitis
8. Hairy tongue
9. Lingual varices
10. Lingual thyroid nodule
MICROGLOSSIA
I. True microglossia
II. Relative microglossia
TREATMENT
I. Orthognathic correction
II. Speech & language development
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microglossia
MACROGLOSSIA
It is a condition when patient have an
enlarged tongue
May be congenital or acquired
ETIOLOGY FOR CONGENITAL
MACROGLOSSIA
Congenital macroglossia is due to an over
development of the musculature
Down syndrome
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
CAUSES FOR ACQUIRED MACROGLOSSIA
1. tumors in tongue such as
lymphangioma,hemagioma and
neurofibroma
2. Acromegaly
3. Mxedema
4. Amyloidosis
5. Angioedema
macroglossia
CLINICAL FEATURES
Noisy breathing
Difficulty with chewing/ swallowing
Drooling
Slurred speech
Widened interdental space
Scalloping/ crenations
Open bite/ mandibular prognathism
Dry/ cracked tongue
Ulceration/ secondary infection/ hemorrhage
TREATMENT
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ANKYLOGLOSSIA
TREATMENT
Partial ankyloglossia are self corrective
Complete ankyloglossia can be surgically
treated by frenulectomy
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Ankyloglossia
CLEFT TONGUE
ETIOLOGY
It also occurs as a sequel to geographic
tongue
Hereditary factors
Clinical Features
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The lesions are ususally asymptomatic
unless debris is entrapped within the fissure
and causes irritation
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CLINICAL FEATURES
Synonyms-georgaphic tongue,erythema
migrans and wandering rash of tongue
ETIOLOGY
The exact etiology remains unknown. It may
be genetic.
However many investigators believe that
emotional stress may precipitate this
condition
CLINICAL FEATURES
Chronic smokers
It occurs due to microorganisms such as
candida albicans
Systemic disturbances like anemia,gastric
upset
Oral use of certain drugs like sodium
perborate sodium peroxide and antibiotics
such as penicillin
Extensive x-ray radiation
CLINICAL FEATURES
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for lingual varices
LINGUAL VARICES
LINGUAL THYROID
NODULE
it is an anomalous condition in which
follicles of thyroid tissue are found in the
substance of the tongue
ETIOLOGY
It occurs when thyroid anlage that failed to
migrate to its predestined position or from
anlage remnants that became detached and
were left behind
CLINICAL FEATURES
TREATMENT
Surgical excision
Suppresive therapy iwht supplemental
thyroid hormone can reduce the size of the
lesion
REFERENCE
Oral pathology-Shafer’s
Oral and maxillofacial pathology-Neville
Human anatomy-Chaurasia’s