G.

DATA ANALYSIS

Third Activity (Table 3)

1. Determination of PbCl2 Ksp in certain temperature (T)
a. Mixture I
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.75 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 1.5 mL
T = 326 K
Asked = Ksp and ln Ksp ?
Solution =
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KCl(aq) PbCl2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
F 0.75 mmole 1.50 mmole
Rx 0.75 mmole 1.50 mmole 0.75 mmole 1.5 mmole
R - - 0.75 mmole 1.5 mmole

PbCl2(s) ⇌ Pb2+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq)

(s) (s) (2s)2

𝑛 𝑃𝑏𝐶𝑙2 0.75 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

S = = = 0.0652 M
𝑉 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 11.5 𝑚𝐿
Ksp = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (s) (2s)2
= (0.0652 M) (0.1304 M)2
= 0.00111 M3
ln Ksp = ln (0.00111)
= - 6.8045
T = 326 K
1 1
= 𝑇 = 326 𝐾 = 0.00306 K-1 = 3,06 x 10-3 K-1
 b. Mixture II
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.75 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 2.0 mL
T = 331 K
Asked = Ksp and ln Ksp ?
Solution =
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KCl(aq) PbCl2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
F 0.75 mmole 2.00 mmole
Rx 0.75 mmole 1.50 mmole 0.75 mmole 1.5 mmole
R - 0.50 mmole 0.75 mmole 1.5 mmole

𝑛 𝐾𝐶𝑙 0.50 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

[Cl-] = = = 0.0416 M
𝑉 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 12 𝑚𝐿

PbCl2(s) ⇌ Pb2+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq)

F s - 0.0416 M
Rx -s +s + 2s
R - s 0.0416 M + 2s
𝑛 𝑃𝑏𝐶𝑙2 0.75 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
S = = = 0.0625 M
𝑉 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 12 𝑚𝐿
Ksp = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (s) (0.0416 M + 2s)2
= (0.0625 M) (0.1666 M)2
= 0.00173 M3
ln Ksp = ln (0.00173)
= - 6.357
T = 331 K
1 1
= 𝑇 = 331 𝐾 = 0.00302 K-1 = 3,02 x 10-3 K-1
 c. Mixture III
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.75 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 2.5 mL
T = 340 K
Asked = Ksp and ln Ksp ?
Solution =
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KCl(aq) PbCl2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
F 0.75 mmole 2.50 mmole
Rx 0.75 mmole 1.50 mmole 0.75 mmole 1.5 mmole
R - 1.00 mmole 0.75 mmole 1.5 mmole

𝑛 𝐾𝐶𝑙 1.00 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

[Cl-] = = = 0.08 M
𝑉 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 12.5 𝑚𝐿

PbCl2(s) ⇌ Pb2+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq)

F s - 0.08 M
Rx -s +s + 2s
R - s 0.08 M + 2s
𝑛 𝑃𝑏𝐶𝑙2 0.75 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
S = = = 0.06 M
𝑉 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 12.5 𝑚𝐿
Ksp = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (s) (0.08 M + 2s)2
= (0.06 M) (0.20 M)2
= 0.012 M3
ln Ksp = ln (0.012)
= - 4.423
T = 340 K
1 1
= 𝑇 = 340 𝐾 = 0.00294 K-1 = 2.94 x 10-3 K-1
 d. Mixture IV
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.75 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 3.0 mL
T = 346 K
Asked = Ksp and ln Ksp ?
Solution =
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KCl(aq) PbCl2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
F 0.75 mmole 3.00 mmole
Rx 0.75 mmole 1.50 mmole 0.75 mmole 1.5 mmole
R - 1.50 mmole 0.75 mmole 1.5 mmole

𝑛 𝐾𝐶𝑙 1.50 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

[Cl-] = = = 0.1154 M
𝑉 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 13 𝑚𝐿

PbCl2(s) ⇌ Pb2+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq)

F s - 0.1154 M
Rx -s +s + 2s
R - s 0.1154 M + 2s
𝑛 𝑃𝑏𝐶𝑙2 0.75 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
S = = = 0.0577 M
𝑉 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 13 𝑚𝐿
Ksp = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (s) (0.1154 M + 2s)2
= (0.0577 M) (0.2308 M)2
= 0.00307 M3
ln Ksp = ln (0.00307)
= - 5.785
T = 346 K
1 1
= 𝑇 = 346 𝐾 = 0.00289 K-1 = 2.89 x 10-3 K-1
 e. Mixture V
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.75 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 3.5 mL
T = 352 K
Asked = Ksp and ln Ksp ?
Solution =
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KCl(aq) PbCl2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
F 0.75 mmole 3.50 mmole
Rx 0.75 mmole 1.50 mmole 0.75 mmole 1.5 mmole
R - 2.00 mmole 0.75 mmole 1.5 mmole

𝑛 𝐾𝐶𝑙 2.00 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

[Cl-] = = = 0.1481 M
𝑉 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 13,5 𝑚𝐿

PbCl2(s) ⇌ Pb2+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq)

F s - 0.1481 M
Rx -s +s + 2s
R - s 0.1481 M + 2s
𝑛 𝑃𝑏𝐶𝑙2 0.75 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
S = = = 0.0555 M
𝑉 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 13,5 𝑚𝐿

Ksp = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2

= (s) (0.1481 M + 2s)2
= (0.0555 M) ( 0,2591 M)2
= 0.0143 M3
ln Ksp = ln (0.0143)
= - 4,247
T = 352 K
1 1
= 𝑇 = 352 𝐾 = 0.00284 K-1 = 2.84 x 10-3 K-1
Graph of Determination of PbCl2 Ksp in certain temperature (T)

Graph Relation Between ln Ksp and 1/T

0
0.0028 0.00285 0.0029 0.00295 0.003 0.00305 0.0031
-1
-2
-3
ln Ksp

-4 ln ksp
-5 Linear (ln ksp)
-6
y = -10211x + 24.6
-7 R² = 0.6523
-8
1/T

2. Determination of Ksp in PbCl2 in room temperature (25oC)

a. Table 3 of Observation Result
1
ln Ksp = 𝑚 (𝑇) + 𝑐
1
= −10211 (298 𝐾) + 24,6

= - 9,6651
Ksp = 𝑒 −9,6651
= 0.0000634 = 6,34 x 10-5
Q = Ksp for samples in room temperature. So, the value of Q or Ksp for
samples in room temperature as much as 6,34 x 10-5 and if its value compared to
the theory Ksp value (2,4 x 10-4) will showed that Ksp value which found in
experiment was smaller then theory value (6,34 x 10-5 < 2,4 x 10-4).
3. Determination of error degree
Known = Ksp in 25oC from graph = 9,57 x 10-5
Asked = %error..?
Solution
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝐾𝑠𝑝−𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝐾𝑠𝑝
% error = 𝑥 100%
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝐾𝑠𝑝

6,34 𝑥 10−4 − 2.4 𝑥 10−4

= 𝑥 100%
2.4 𝑥 10−4
 = - 73,55%
4. Determination of ∆Ho in 25oC
y = mx + c
∆𝐇 𝟏
ln Ksp =− +c
𝑅 𝑇
∆𝐇
m =−
𝑅
∆H o
= - (mR)
= - (- 10211 x 0.6523)
= 66606,63
5. Calculation of PbCl2 solubility (s) in water as temperature function (oC)
Ksp (M3) S (g/L) T (oC)
0.00111 0.0652 53
0.00173 0.0625 58
0.01200 0.0600 67
0.00307 0.0577 73
0,00143 0,0555 79
Known =
PbCl2(s) ⇌ Pb2+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq)
s s (2s) 2
a. Ksp = 4s3
3 𝐾𝑠𝑝
s =√ 4

3 0.00111
=√ 4

= 1,40 × 10−4 mol/L

PbCl2 = s x Mr PbCl2
= 1,40 × 10−4 mol/L x 278.1 g/mol
= 0,0389 g/L
b. Ksp = 4s3
3 𝐾𝑠𝑝
s =√ 4

3 0.00173
=√ 4

= 1,62 × 10−4 mol/L

PbCl2 = s x Mr PbCl2
= 1,62 × 10−4 mol/L x 278.1 g/mol
= 0,0453 g/L
c. Ksp = 4s3
3 𝐾𝑠𝑝
s =√ 4

3 0.01200
=√ 4

= 1,44 × 10−3 mol/L

PbCl2 = s x Mr PbCl2
= 1,44 × 10−3 mol/L x 278.1 g/mol
= 0,4004 g/L
d. Ksp = 4s3
3 𝐾𝑠𝑝
s =√ 4

3 0.00307
=√ 4

= 1,96 × 10−4 mol/L

PbCl2 = s x Mr PbCl2
= 1,96 × 10−4 mol/L x 278.1 g/mol
= 0,0054 g/L
e. Ksp = 4s3
3 𝐾𝑠𝑝
s =√ 4

3 0.00143
=√ 4
 = 0.00015 mol/L
PbCl2 = s x Mr PbCl2
= 0.0015 mol/L x 278.1 g/mol
= 0,4171 g/L
So , from the analysis above we’ve got curve (graph) as below :

Graph of relation between s (g/L) and T (oC)

0.00025

0.0002

0.00015
s (g/L )

0.0001 s (g/L )
Linear (s (g/L ))
0.00005

0
0 20 40 60 80 100

T ( oC )

First activity (first table)

All calculation only need to calculate Q value. Q is Ksp of ions quadrate
coefficient stochiometry on first condition (it does not calculate the equilibrium
condition) so only calculated the ions concentration in total mixture.
1. Determination of Q of PbCl2 room temperature
a. Tube 1
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.75 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 0.5 mL
Asked =Q?
Solution =
Pb2+
[Pb2+] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
 0.75 mmole
= = 0.071 M
10.5 𝑚𝐿
Cl−
[Cl-] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.5 mmole
= = 0.048M
10.5 𝑚𝐿
Q = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (0.071) (0.048)2
= 0.00016 M3
= 1.6 x 10-4 M3 < 2.4 x 10-4 M3
b. Tube 2
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.75 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 1.0 mL
Asked =Q?
Solution =
Pb2+
[Pb2+] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.75 mmole
= = 0.068 M
11 𝑚𝐿
Cl−
[Cl-] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
1.0 mmole
= = 0.091 M
11 𝑚𝐿
Q = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (0.068) (0.091)2
= 0.00056 M3
= 5.6 x 10-4 M3 > 2.4 x 10-4 M3
c. Tube 3
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.75 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 1.5 mL
 Asked =Q?
Solution =
Pb2+
[Pb2+] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.75 mmole
= = 0.065 M
11.5 𝑚𝐿
Cl−
[Cl-] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
1.5 mmole
= = 0.130 M
11.5 𝑚𝐿
Q = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (0.065) (0.130)2
= 0.0011 M3
= 1.1 x 10-3 M3 > 2.4 x 10-4 M3
d. Tube 4
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.75 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 2.0 mL
Asked =Q?
Solution =
Pb2+
[Pb2+] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.75 mmole
= = 0.0625 M
12 𝑚𝐿
Cl−
[Cl-] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
2.0 mmole
= = 0.1667 M
12 𝑚𝐿
Q = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (0.0625) (0.1667)2
= 0.0017 M3
= 1.7 x 10-3 M3 > 2.4 x 10-4 M3
Second activity (Second table)
All calculation only need to calculate Q value. Q is Ksp of ions quadrate
coefficient stochiometry on first condition (it does not calculate the equilibrium
condition) so only calculated the ions concentration in total mixture.
1. First tube
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.75 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 0.3 mL
Asked =Q?
Solution =
Pb2+
[Pb2+] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.75 mmole
= = 0.073 M
10.3 𝑚𝐿
Cl−
[Cl-] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.3 mmole
= = 0.029 M
10.3 𝑚𝐿
Q = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (0.073) (0.029)2
= 0.00006 M3
= 6,0 x 10-5 M3 < 2.4 x 10-4 M3
2. Second tube
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.075 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 0.4 mL
Asked =Q?
Solution =
Pb2+
[Pb2+] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
 0.75 mmole
= = 0.072 M
10.4 𝑚𝐿
Cl−
[Cl-] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.4 mmole
= = 0.038 M
10.4 𝑚𝐿
Q = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (0.072) (0.038)2
= 0.00010 M3
= 1.0 x 10-4 M3 < 2.4 x 10-4 M3
3. Third tube
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.075 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 0.6 mL
Asked =Q?
Solution =
Pb2+
[Pb2+] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.75 mmole
= = 0.071 M
10.6 𝑚𝐿
Cl−
[Cl-] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.6 mmole
= = 0.057 M
10.6 𝑚𝐿
Q = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (0.071) (0.057)2
= 0.00023 M3
= 2,3 x 10-4 M3 < 2.4 x 10-4 M3
4. Forth tube
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.075 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 0.7 mL
Asked =Q?
Solution =
Pb2+
[Pb2+] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.75 mmole
= = 0.070 M
10.7 𝑚𝐿
Cl−
[Cl-] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.7 mmole
= = 0.065 M
10.7 𝑚𝐿
Q = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (0.070) (0.065)2
= 0.00029 M3
= 2,9 x 10-4 M3 > 2.4 x 10-4 M3
5. Fifth tube
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.075 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 0.8 mL
Asked =Q?
Solution =
Pb2+
[Pb2+] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.75 mmole
= = 0.069 M
10.8 𝑚𝐿
Cl−
[Cl-] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.8 mmole
= = 0.074 M
10.8 𝑚𝐿
Q = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (0.069) (0.074)2
= 0.00038 M3
= 3.8 x 10-4 M3 > 2.4 x 10-4 M3
 6. Sixth tube
Known = [Pb(NO3)2] = 0.075 M
V Pb(NO3)2 = 10 mL
[KCl] =1M
V KCl = 0.9 mL
Asked =Q?
Solution =
Pb2+
[Pb2+] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.75 mmole
= = 0.068 M
10.9 𝑚𝐿
Cl−
[Cl-] =
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
0.9 mmole
= = 0.0825 M
10.9 𝑚𝐿
Q = [Pb2+] [Cl-]2
= (0.068) (0.0825)2
= 4,93 x 10-4 M3
= 4,93 x 10-4 M3 > 2.4 x 10-4 M3

H. DISCUSSION
Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk menetukan kelarutan elektrolit yang bersifat
sedikit larut dan juga untuk menentukan panas kelarutan (∆𝐻) dengan
menggunakan sifat ketergantungan terhadap suhu. Kelarutan adalah kuantitas
maksimal suatu zat kimia terlarut untuk dapat larut pada pelarut tertentu
membentuk larutan homogen sedangkan hasil kali kelarutan (Ksp) adalah hasil
kali konsentrasi ion-ion yang dipangkatkan masing-masing koefisien reduksinya
pada larutan jenuh di suhu tertentu ( Winarco,2011:59 ).