"#$%&'()&*+'+,) %-,.

)/0/123
/0/14//.5501546
789:;<=>?.)@8?A9>BC)D5!51

'(,E*+)7$E#$,+*

!"#$%"&%'()*+",'(-"*(.&.-/0*%'#-'(1+'2'/"&%'3(
dokazi

!"#$%"&
!"#$%&"'(")*+$,-+$.$",/)"'&"/)"(0(1/#)-2312"%)1$425"/("1)+$"+("-+26).$".$7-)'/"
&"1$4-(-)8"9)'/&91&:";$.)%("'("-(1("9)/(-<2+$0-(".#'/("(0(1/#)-23126"%)-
1$4$5"/("=%+("'(")-2"8)=&"'.("-$0$42/2"&"%2=2/$0-)8")*021&:">$1)"-$9#(%&+("
#$3&-$0-$"/(6-)0)=2+$5"/$1)"-$9#(%&+&"2"/(6-21("9)6#$-+2.$-+$"#$3&-$0-26"
9)%$/$1$5" 1)+2" '(" &" %$-$,-+(" .#2+(8(" -$0$4(" '.&%$" )1)" -$':" ?#21&90+$-+("
/$1.26"9)%$/$1$5"1)+2"'("8)=&"1$'-2+("1)#2'/2/2"1$)"%)1$42"&"9)'/&91&5"8)#$"
'(")*$.2/2"9#)@('2)-$0-)"2"'/#&3-):
?)/92'2.$-+(8">)-.(-<2+(")"12*(#-(/231)8"1#282-$0&5"A(9&*021$"B#.$/'1$"
9#(&4(0$" +(" )*.(4(" 4$" 1$4-(-$" %+(0$" 24" 9)%#&3+$" #$3&-$0-)=" 1#282-$0$5" $"
'$828" /28(" 2" -(1)021)" -).26" 4$1)-'126" #+(,(-+$" &" 9)%#&3+&" (0(1/#)-23126"
C%2=2/$0-26D"%)1$4$:
!"9)02<2+'1)+"'("9#$1'2"'.(".2,("%+(0$/-21$"'&'#(E("'"(0(1/#)-23128"%)1$428$5"
+(#"'&"9#2'&/-2"&"'.(".2,("1$4-(-26"%+(0$:"F$"*2"'(",/)"*)0+("9#21&9202"2"$-$0242-
#$02"/$1.2"%)1$425"9)02<2+'12"'0&7*(-2<2"8)#$02"*2"9)'+(%).$/2")'-).-$"4-$-+$"
)"9)+8).28$"2"-$32-&"#$%$"'$8)="#$3&-$0$5"#$3&-$0-(")9#(8("202"%#&=)="
&#(G$+$"1)+2"'$%#72"(0(1/#)-231("%)1$4(5"/("*2"8)#$02"*2/2"&9)4-$/2"'"9#$.20-28"
-$32-)8"24&428$-+$"2")'2=&#$.$-+$"/$1.26"%)1$4$:
'()*+,$-./)$+/0"(0(1/#)-2312"%)1$45"#$3&-$0-2"1#282-$05"12*(#-(/2312"1#282-$05"
@)#(-421$"#$3&-$0$5"9#(/#$=$"#$3&-$0$:

45(!67896:9;(<!;=;96:;>?>(;(?:?<>!@9;7<;(A@<6B;

+>B;9FB)@?GBHBIB)9)J?8=>F9IB)K;BF>B)AK)L8BHB)K)@?;<=)8BMK>B;>?N)I89:9>B;9H=HB1),B?)9)K)
AHLB8>?:=)AL9<=HKO)G=H=)IH9L9)9)J?8=>F9MB89)?HI89LB<K)>?L=)A;KMB<=L=)8BMK>B;>?N)I89:9>B;9P

*
'9I?;B)78?H8IBO)K>9L1)A@=C1)9>J1O)EG<=;)FB)@?;9C9<AIK)?QKIKO)7?;9C9<AIB)BIBG=:9<B)R%7PB)$SO)TBN8=Q1

!
Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

"#"$%&'()(%&*$'+%,$-.%/()+0"#-1#%234%5#-6.%!"#$%&'()$"*'"+*,$&&-"),'()$"*(.,/"$0$1).27%
"#8-(9(6+1$%:%')+;+-$9-#%&*)8#%<$8"+1#*$%=(&#>-#%;#"(,+'#%<$%*(?#-1#%')+;+-$9+&"+@'(6%
+&")$A+*$-1$.%B9#'")(-+@'+%,('$<+%&:%(&1#"91+*+C%9$'(%&#%>)+0:%+%;+1#-1$1:%$%"+;#%+%'(;=)(D
;+"+)$1:.%E=#F+1$9-+%G()#-<+@-+%$9$"+%(;(6:H$*$1:%=(*)$"%+%$-$9+<:%+%(>)+&$-+8C%&')+*#-+8%
+%=)+*)#;#-+8%,$"("#'$%'(1#%:%&*$'(,-#*-(;%-();$9-(;%)$,:%-+&:%*+,91+*#.
E%(><+)(;%-$%"(%,$%&#%)$@:-$9(%;(A#%'()+&"+"+%'$(%():?#%<$%=(@+-1#-1#%<9(@+-$C%(-(%
;(A#C%(,-(&-(%;()$%&$,)A$*$"+%,('$<#%'(1+%&#%(,-(&#%-$%>+9(%'(1+%<9(@+-C%=(=:"%:>(1&"*$%
+9+%&+9(*$-1$.%I+1#%-#*$A-(%-$=(;#-:"+%,$%*#H+-$%#'&=#)$"$%=(8)$-1:1#%&*(1#%=(,$"'#%-$%
)$@:-$9$.%J+9(%'(1#%')+;+-$9+&"+@'(%+&")$A+*$-1#%;(A#%'()+&"+"+%)$@:-$9$%+9+%+-"#)-#"C%+%&*+%
'(1+%&:,1#9:1:%:%+&")$A+*$-1:%;(6:%+<*:H+%'()+&"+%+<%=(<-$*$-1$%:=(")#>#%"#%"#8-(9(6+1#.
K(9+F+1&'+%&9:A>#-+'%'(1+%&':=91$%,('$<#%&%)$@:-$9$%+9+%)$@:-$9-#%;)#A#C%;()$%<-$"+%
=)$*+9$%=(&":=$-1$%69#,#%=)+':=91$-1$%"+8%=(,$"$'$C%1#)%$'(%(-%&':=+%"#%=(,$"'#%-#<$'(-+"(C%
"+%&#%=(,$F+%-#H#%;(H+%'()+&"+"+%:%&:,&'(;%=(&":=':.%K(1$;%+)1)('0")*+$3'4)%'()+&"+%&#%:%
$;#)+@'(;%<$'(-(,$*&"*:%+%(<-$@$*$%>+9(%'(1+%)$@:-$9-+%=(,$"$'%'(1+%;(A#%=("*),+"+%,$%
1#%=(@+-1#-(%'$<-#-(%,1#9(C%+9+%'(1+%;(A#%:'$<$"+%-$%=(*#<$-(&"%+<;#?:%<9(@+-$%+%A)"*#C%
+9+%<9(@+-$%+%-1#6(*$%=(@+-+"#91$.
B9#'")(-+@'+%,('$<+%&:%*)9(%*$A-+C%1#)%=)#,&"$*91$1:%'(;>+-$F+1:%)$<9+@+"+8%+-G();$F+1$%
=(=:"%"#'&"$C%&9+'#C%$:,+(&-+;'#%+%*+,#(&-+;'#.%K(-#'$,%+-G();$F+1$%'(1$%1#%=(8)$-1#-$%
-$%)$@:-$9:%;(A#%>+"+%1#,+-+%")$6%'(1+%H#%')+;+-$9+&"+@'(%+&")$A+*$-1#%,(*#&"+%-$%=)$*+%=:".%
K(&"(1+%F+1#9+%-+<%#9#'")(-+@'+8%,('$<$%'(1+%-$&%('):A:1:%:%&*$'(,-#*-(;%A+*(":C%$%'(1+8%
&;(%&'()(%:%=("=:-(&"+%-#&*1#&-+.%4*),+%,+&'%;(A#%&$,)A$*$"+%F+1#9:%>+>9+("#':%+-G();$F+1$C%
,+6+"$9-$%'$;#)$%:%&*(1(1%;#;()+1+%;(A#%=(8)$-+"+%"+&:H#%G("(6)$L1$C%$%)$@:-$9-$%;)#A$%
;(A#%&$,)A$*$"+%1(0%*+0#%+-G();$F+1$%(%(&(>$;$%+%-1+8(*:%=(-$0$-1:.%J)(1#*+%>$-'(*-+8%
)$@:-$C% -(*@$-#% ")$-&$'F+1#C% =(*1#)91+*+% ,(':;#-"+% +% ,):6+% )$<9+@+"+% =(,$F+% =:":1:% ('(%
-$&%')(<%<)$'%+9+%=:"#;%A+@-+8%*(,(*$C%$%&*$'+%(,%-1+8%=)#,&"$*91$%=("#-F+1$9-+%+<*()%#9#'D
")(-+@'(6%,('$<$.%M()#-<+'$%(&+6:)$*$%-$@#9$%+%"#8-+'#%'(1#%(;(6:H:1:%')+;+-$9+&"+@'(%
+&")$A+*$-1#%+%=)(6(-%=(@+-+"#91$%)$@:-$9-(6%')+;+-$9+"#"$.%N=H#-+"(%69#,$1:H+C%G()#-<+'$%
1#%=)+;1#-$%=)$*-+8%<-$-(&"+%+%,):6+8%<-$-&"*#-+8%=)(F#&$%+%"#8-+'$%'(1#%&#%;(6:%+&'(D
)+&"+"+%:%+,#-"+L'$F+1+C%=(*)$"':C%)#'(-&"):'F+1+%+9+%$-$9+<+%,('$<$%"+1#'(;%')+;+-$9+&"+@'#%
+&")$6#.%M()#-<+@$)+%=(':0$*$1:%:<%=(;(H%#9#'")(-+@'+8%,('$<$%)#'(-&"):+)$"+%,(6$?$1%
"#%6$%=)+>9+A+"+%+%-$%"$1%-$@+-%=(1$&-+"+%+&")$A+"#91+;$O.
I$@#9(;%P9#,#-(6%>)+1#6$P%&$;(%;$9+%=(&"("$'%#9#'")(-+@'+8%,('$<$%;(6:H#%1#%
("')+"+% P'9$&+@-+;% $9$"+;$P% '$(% 0"(% 1#% Q+-,(R&% BS=9()#)% 5$9$"% <$% )$,% &% ,$"("#'$;$% :%
(=#)$F+1&'(;%&:&"$*:%Q+-,(R&7.%N&"$"$'%#9#'")(-+@'+8%,('$<$%;(6:H#%1#%("')+"+%&$;(%
=(&#>-+;%$9$"+;$%5>+9(%'(;#)F+1$9-+;%>+9(%#%..5'%.*/eng. 6%..5'%.%T%>#&=9$"-+%$9$"+U7.
V&")(1&"*(;%WVKD$%XY%)$@:-$9-+%')+;+-$9+"#"%&=$,$%=(,%-$,9#A-(&"%N,1#9$%6(&=(D
,$)&'(6%')+;+-$9+"#"$%+%'():=F+1#%=)+%V=)$*+%')+;+-$9+&"+@'#%=(9+F+1#%X$*-$"#91&"*$%=(9+F+1#C%
"#%=(,%N,1#9#%6(&=(,$)&'(6%')+;+-$9+"#"$%=(9+F+1&'+8%:=)$*$.%V%,("+F$1:%&%#9#'")(-+@'+;%
,('$<+;$%&:%6("(*(%&*+%=(9+F+1&'+%&9:A>#-+F+%'(1+%&#%-$?:%:%')+;+-$9+&"+@'(;%+&")$A+*$-1:C%
'$'(%:%-$*#,#-+;%(,1#9+;$C%"$'(%+%:%,):6+;%(,1#9+;$%+%=(9+F+1&'+;%=(&"$1$;$.

3ZXI#"%3BX4%+%[E\EC%N&-(*#%)$@:-$9-#%G()#-<+@'#%$-$9+<#C%!]]^.C%/((78992.,-%)(:;022;/%9+$,-&."(29
O%

<)"3.+=$,-&."(29>>?@ABCDE=F>BGHHIBJJBJKL;7+#%D%_.%!.%!]]_.

!
 Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

!"#$%&'()*+,-(*#'-'.&/%(*0.*#1%.,2*

"#$%&'()*+%*,-.,/(%01*,2$/)0,3'-&0,40&$'*20#)*5,/(%0106,7$1,(71*'0,)0,+*)2$)*8.,9&(,*5,2$,
&$:$,$3*/$)&*'0&*;,<)*,='$/-&03#202.,-=(2,40>)$&-%(>,=(#20,*,$#$%&'()-%*5,&$5)*%0,%(2*,-$,
-%.=#202.,*,0)0#*1*'02.,.1,=(4(?,-=$8*20#)*5,&$5)*%0,*,0#0&0;,@'$/,40&$'*20#)*4,/(%01*40,
$#$%&'()*+%*,/(%01*,*402.,)$%(#*%(,>#03)*5,='$/)(-&*;,</,$#$%&'()*+%*5,2$,/(%010,4(>.?$,
)0+*)*&*,&(+).,%(=*2.,A-#*%.B,%(20,-$,)0%)0/)(,4(:$,*-&'0:*30&*,%0(,/0,-$,'0/*,(,('*>*)0#.6,
/(%,2$,%(/,40&$'*20#)*5,/(%010,&(,>(&(3(,)$4(>.?$;,@'*#*%(4,*-=*&*30)20,%(=*2$6,0,)$,('*C
>*)0#06,*172$>0302.,-$,(9&$?$)20,%(20,7*,4(>#0,)0-&0&*,)0,('*>*)0#.,='*#*%(4,*-&'0:*30)20;,
@(4(?.,='03*#)*5,0#0&0,4(>.?$,2$,3'#(,#0%(,(/'$/*&*,2$,#*,$#$%&'()*+%*,/(%01,4(/*D8*'0),
*#*,.)*9&$)6,2$/)(-&03)(,>0,.-=('$E.2.?*,-,('*>*)0#(4;,"#$%&'()*+%$,2$,/(%01$,3'#(,&$9%(,
.)*9&*&*;,F0%,*,()/0,%0/0,-.,G(7'*-0)*G6,$#$%&'()*+%*,-$,/(%01*,4(>.,=(3'0&*&*,-,'0+.)0#)(>,
/*-%0,*#*,)$%(>,/'.>(>,4$/*20,10,=(5'0).,=(/0&0%0;
"#$%&'()*+%$,2$,/(%01$,2$/)(-&03)(,=(5'0)*&*6,0,17(>,#0%(?$,*1'0/0,%(=*20,>(&(3(,
*5,2$,)$4(>.?$,.)*9&*&*,*#*,*1>.7*&*;,H7(>,&(>0,9&(,-$,$#$%&'()*+%*4,/(%01*40,4(:$,#0%(,
40)*=.#*'0&*, *, ='$)(-*&*, *56, *-&'0:*&$#2*, %(2*, -$, 703$, '0+.)0#)*4, %'*4*)0#(4, )0*#01$, )0,
)(3$,*101(3$,.,'0/.,-,(30%3(4,3'-&(4,/(%010;,I*,/(%01*,)0#01$,-$,-3.>/2$,(%(,)0-;,
J0+.)0#)$,4'$:$,.,-3(4,-30%(/)$3)(4,'0/.,.%#2.+.2.,8*2$#*,)*1,='(8$-0,(/,&$#$K()-%*5,
=(1*306,='*240,*,-#0)20,$#$%&'()*+%$,=(9&$6,=#0?0)20,'0+.)0,*,/'.>*5,=(>(/)(-&*6,0,9&(,.,7*&*,
='$/-&03#20,$#$%&'()*+%$,/(%01$;,L3$,&$,=(>(/)(-&*,/0)0-,-.,/(-&.=)$,-30%(4,+(32$%.,
*1,-*>.')(-&*,*,./(7)(-&*,)2$>(30,/(40;,M$E.&*46,'0+.)0#)$,4'$:$,-0,-(7(4,/()(-$,*,
(/'$E$)*,'*1*%;,J0+.)0#)$,4'$:$,-.,9*'(%(,.%#2.+$)$,.,%'*4*)0#)*,4*#2$6,%(2*,.%#2.+.2$,
/2$+2.,=(')(>'0D2.6,='*2$&)2$6,9=*2.)0:.6,-07(&0:$6,='*2$30'$6,.1)$4*'030)2$,='*30&)(-&*,*&/;
N'*4*)0#)$, 0%&*3)(-&*, =(&=(4(>).&$, )(3*4, &$5)(#(>*2040, '013*202., -$, &0%3(4,
7'1*)(4,/0,2$,*-&'0:*&$#2*40,-%('(,)$4(>.?$,/':0&*,%('0%,*,='0&*&*,&$,%'*4*)0#)$,0%&*3)(-&*;
Adresari – Address Books Dijelovi datoteka
Elektronička pošta – e-mail Datoteke za pohranu – Backup files
Audio/Videodatoteke Log datoteke
Slikovne/Grafičke datoteke Datoteke za konfiguraciju
Kalendari Ispisne datoteke za pisače – Printer spool
Baze podataka – Database files Kolačići – Cookies
Tablične datoteke Privremene datoteke – Swap files
Kompresirane datoteke – *.zip, *.rar itd. Sistemske datoteke – System files
Datoteke s pogrešnim nazivom Povijest – History files
Enkriptirane datoteke Privremene datoteke – Temporary files
Skrivene datoteke Datoteke dokumenata
Datoteke zaštićene lozinkom Internet favoriti – bookmarks/favorites
!"#$%"&'(&)*+$,-./"%,.&$%$0+1*,.20.&3*0"4.&5647*1(&7%"8+.+"&.41"3"9

3"#45/6,#*#5/*+'1(%4&#,(,-*2'#'-'.&/%(*0.*6#1%.,2,

O)0#*10,$#$%&'()*+%*5,/(%010,2$,='(8$-,%(2*,.%#2.+.2$,0)0#*1.,*,%('$#08*2.,3*9$,3'-&0,=(/0C
&0%0,)0,'01#*+*&*4,'01*)040;,L3'50,*,3'*2$/)(-&,0)0#*1$,2$,&0,/0,='(.+*4(,'01#*+*&$,&*=(3$,
=(/0&0%0,*,10&*4,*5,='$&3('*4(,.,%('*-)$,*)K('408*2$;,N(/,='*%.=#20)20,$#$%&'()*+%*5,
/(%010, =(&'$7)(, 2$, (/'$/*&*, '0+.)0#0, *#*, 4$/*2$, %(2*, -., ='$/4$&, *-&'0:*30)206, -0+.30&*,

!
Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

"#$%$&'(&)*+),$-)*$*./#$-)0$1$*2$("*3'34)*$5+-)&)*.',#6'-'*+),$-'7*'3"*-)*#'08&'("*8/'(-)9
&":*/#)85)1$*.',#6'-*#',&)*+)+"#$-)*;<=> ?*!"#$%&'())*++',*&%-.@:*8%'.$1$*#'08&'("*
2$("*#),"4&$+*/81)+*2$("*$.3(-80$4'&-)+*&'/'-'&-':*&'/#'4$1$*3"/$-8*.4$A*2$1&$A*+),$-':*
1)*"2'4$1$*B"#)&5$0&8*'&'($58*&'*3"/$-'+'*?*.($3'+'*+),$-'C
D()31#"&$03$*,"3'5$*&'-4'6&$-$*.8*0$+2)&$3*"&"%'*E1"*,'&'.*/"5&'-)+"*/",*/"-9
mom )./*-)-0&** $($* 3$2)#&)1$03$* 3#$+$&'(:* '* 1"* -)* #'08&'(&$* 3#$+$&'(C* F4'-* .)* /"-'+*
3"#$.1$*5'*"5&'0'4'&-)*3'5&)&"%*,-)('*8*0$-)*-)*/"0$&-)&-)*83(-80)&"*#'08&'(":*#'08&'(&'*
+#)6':*83(-808-8G$*$*3'5&)&'*,-)('*3"-'*&$.8*8*/"1/8&".1$*/"0$&-)&'*&'*#'08&'(8C*F4'-*
.)*/"-'+*3"#$.1$*$*5'*"/$.)*.$18'H$-)*8*3"-"-*#'08&'(&'*+#)6'*&$-)*3"#$E1)&'*8*/"0$&-)&-8*
3#$+$&'(':*'($*.',#6'4'*)()31#"&$03)*,"3'5)*/"4)5'&)*.*3#$+$&'("+C*I'3"*&)+'*,$#)31'&*
80$&'3*&'*.(80'-:*#'08&'("*.',#6$*)()31#"&$03$*,"3'5*3"-$*-)*4#("*4'6'&*5'*$.1#'6$4'&-)C*
=3"*-)*3#$+$&'(&"*,-)("*/"0$&-)&"*8*.14'#&"+*J5$03"+*.4$-)18*$*'3"*/".1"-$*#'08&'("*
.*+#)6&$+*/#$.18/"+*&'*+-).18*/"0$&-)&-'*,-)(':*$.1#'6$1)(-$*G)*80$&$1$*/#)1#'6$4'&-)*#'9
08&'('*$*#'08&'(&)*+#)6)*8*/"1#'5$*5'*)()31#"&$03$+*,"3'5$+'*3"-$*$+*+"%8*/".(86$1$*
8*$.1#'6$4'&-8C*K($0&"*1"+8:*'3"*-)*3#$+$&'(&$*0$&*5'2$(-)6)&*&'*#'08&'(8*$($*#'08&'(&"-*
+#)6$:*3#$+$&'($.1$03$*$.1#'6$1)(-$*+"%8*814#,$1$*+-).1"*%,-)*.)*&'('5$*1"*#'08&'(":*1)*&'*
1'-*&'0$&*/"38E'1$*("H$#'1$*+-).1"*/"0$&-)&-'*,-)('C
L)/"A#'&-$4'&-)+*)()31#"&$03$A*,"3'5'*$.1#'6$1)(-$*.)*,"4",)*8*"/'.&".1*",*%82$13'*
1$A*,"3'5'*1)*&)+"%8G&".1$*&'.1'43'*,'(-&-)%*/#"H).'*$.1#'6$4'&-'C
M'3*$*'3"*$.1#'6$1)(-*&$-)*",%"4"#'&*5'*/#$38/(-'&-)*)()31#"&$03$A*,"3'5'*.*#'089
&'(&)*+#)6):*8*",#)N)&"+*.(80'-8:*"&*+"#'*/".-),"4'1$*".&"4&'*5&'&-'*"*)()31#"&$03$+*
,"3'5$+'C
O'3"*G)*.)*$&B"#+'1$5'H$-'*,#8E14'*/"4)G'4'1$:*2$1*G)*$*4$E)*#'08&'(&"%*3#$+$&'('CP
Q'-*G)*3#$+$&'(*/".)2&"*#'.1$:*'3"*/"0$&$1)(-$*"13#$-8*3'3"*.8*/"($H$-.3$*.(862)&$H$:*)3./)#1$*
3"-$*.)*2'4)*#'08&'(&"+*.$%8#&"EG8*$*,#8%)*"."2)*83(-80)&)*8*/#)4)&H$-8*$*#)/#).$-8:*.('2"*
"/#)+(-)&$*5'*.8/#"1.1'4(-'&-)*"4"-*4#.1$*3#$+$&'(':*1)*3'3"*&)',)34'1&"*3"#$.1)*)()31#"9
&$03)*,"3'5)C*R2"%*1"%'*-)*4'6&"*,'*,-)('1&$H$*/"($H$-)*5&'-8*S#83"4'1$S*)()31#"&$03$+*
,"3'5$+':*,'*$A*5&'-8*3"#$.1$1$*3'"*.+-)#&$H)*8*$.1#'6$4'&-8:*'*/".)2&"*+"#'-8*4",$1$*
2#$%8*"*1"+)*3','*$*5'*E1"*G)*/"54'1$*8*/"+"G*#'08&'(&)*.1#80&-'3)C
I.1#'6$4'&-)*"4$.$*/"&'-/#$-)*"*/"5&'1$+*0$&-)&$H'+'*3"-)*$.1#'6$1)(-$*$+'-8*"*,-)(8C*
=3"*-)*#'08&'("*#)58(1'1*$($*/".(-),$H'*#'08&'(&"%*3#$+$&'(':*$.1#'6$1)(-$*1#)2'-8*B"38.$#'1$*
A'#,4)#*;)&%C*1"-$2"-**?*.1#"-&'*/",#E3'@:*'*'3"*,-)("*83(-808-)*/#"185'3"&$1)*$&B"#+'9

P*
T),'&*",*&'-/"5&'1$-$A*.(80'-)4'*#'08&'(&"%*3#$+$&'('*4)6)*.)*85*$+)*=(2)#1*U"&5'()5:*3"-$*-)*-),'&*
",*&'-"5("%('E)&$-$A*#'08&'(&$A*3#$+$&'('H':*1)*-)*8*"68-38*PVWVC*%",$&)*".8N)&*&'*PV*%",$&'*5'14"#'*
&'3"&* E1"* .)* $5-'.&$"* 3#$4$+* 5'* /"+'%'&-)* 8* "#%'&$5$#'&-8* %("2'(&)* +#)6)* /81)+* 3"-)* .8* 83#',)&$*
,).)H$* +$($-8&'* 2#"-)4'* 3#),$1&$A* 3'#1$H':* E1"* -)* /#'4$* /#$+-)#* )()31#"&$03$A* ,"3'5'C* F4"* -)* &'-4)G'*
5'14"#.3'*3'5&'*,"*.','*$5#)0)&'*5'*#'08&'(&$*3#$+$&'(*&'*'+)#$03$+*.8,"4$+':*'*U"&5'()5*-)*+"%'"*
$*%"#)*/#"G$*8*.(80'-8*,'*&$-)*/#$5&'"*3#$4$H8C*L'$+):*U"&5'()58*-)*/#$-)1$('*PX9%",$E&-'*3'5&'*5'14"#':*
&"*8*&'%",2$*.'*.8H)+*3'"*"('3"1&)*"3"(&".1$*85)1)*.8*0$&-)&$H)*3'3"*-)*",*,-)1$&-.14'*"4$.&$3*"*#'089
&'($+':*1)*-)*%",$&'+'*2$"*/",*81-)H'-)+*'(3"A"('*$*$()%'(&$A*,#"%':*'*$*2"("4'"*-)*",*=./)#%)#"4"%*
/"#)+)G'-'*;"2($3'*'81$5+'@C*Y#)+'*&-)%"4$+*#$-)0$+'*3#$+$&'(&)*'31$4&".1$*$5+'3&8()*.8*3"&1#"($*
52"%*&)+"%8G&".1$*,'*3"&1#"($#'*5&'1$6)(-8*$*"4$.&".1C*L"*186$1)(-*-)*$&5$.1$#'"*&'*.1#"%"-*3'5&$*&'4"9
,)G$*3'3"*G)*"&'*/".('1$*-'.&8*/"#838*/"1)&H$-'(&$+*3#$+$&'(H$+'*3'3"*Z(','*S85$+'S*4#("*"52$(-&"*
#'08&'(&)*5("0$&):*1)*,'*G)*$.1$*2$1$*8A4'G)&$*$*4#("*.1#"%"*3'6&-)&$C

!
 Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

"#$%&#&'()*+,%-&#.+/*0#+%1$#&+/%2*$3&'(+/*0#+#&2#1(&4+(&4+5&$%&'(6%7*8(&.&+#9&#8:(/9*"#$*9*&#&
'()*"#9*&3,1$3;3$3<#&+3&#&9%)#$%-&()8(.8(&.(:+6%/&=%8>?&!"#$%&'(&@&'/(>/*9.,*&'()/4,*A-&
8*&,($#9*&.%&+#&'()*"#&#&#8:(/9*"#$%&8*1*7%?
B,(&.3&#8:(/9*"#$%&#&'()*"#&,($#&.%&8*1*7%&8*&/*;38*13&'/*68(&/%1%6*8+8#-&*&#.+/*C
0#+%1$#&78*$3&4+(&+/*0%-&2#+&<%&9(>3<%&3&6/1(&,/*+,(9&/(,3&'/#,3'#+#&'(+/%28%&)(,*7%D&.&
)/3>%&.+/*8%-&*,(&#.+/*0#+%1$#&8%&78*$3&4+(&+/*0%-&'(+/%28(&$%&'/(4#/#+#&('.%>&#.+/*0#6*8$*&#&
3&8$&'/#+(9&3,1$3;#+#&.63&/*;38*183&('/%93&,*,(&2#&.%&'/#,3'#1#&#&#.+/*0#1#&9*+%/#$*1#&,($#&
2#&9(>1#&'(.130#+#&,*(&)(,*7?&E%7&(27#/*&8*&.6%-&#.+/*0#+%1$#&9(/*$3&2#+#&3&.+*8$3&)(,*7*+#&
*3+%8+#;8(.+&#&#8+%>/#+%+&'/#,3'1$%8#F&)(,*7*?
G(&,(8,/%+8(&78*;#&)*&#.+/*0#+%1$&9(/*&2#+#&3&9(>3<8(.+#&)(,*7*+#&)*&$%&)(,*7&(8(&
4+(&(8&,*0%&)*&$%.+-&)*&)(1*7#&.&1(,*"#$%&7*&,($3&(8&,*0%&)*&)(1*7#&#&)*&)(,*7&8#$%&2#(&9#C
$%8$*8&#1#&(4+%<%8&8*&2#1(&,($#&8*;#8?&H+(&.%&%1%,+/(8#;,#F&)(,*7*&+#;%-&(6(&9(0%&2#+#&6/1(&
+%4,(-&$%/&.3&%1%,+/(8#;,#&)(,*7#&1*,(&'/(9$%8$#6#?&I%)8(.+*68(&3,1$3;#6*8$%&#&#.,1$3;#6*8$%&
/*;38*1*&9(0%&3&'(+'38(.+#&38#4+#+#&)(,*7%?&J2(>&+(>*&$%&6*08(&2#+#&'/(9#41$%8-&)(2/(&
(/>*8#7#/*8&#&3'(78*+&.&+%F8(1(>#$(9&,($*&.%&#.+/*03$%?

!"#$%&'(&#)%*+*(,-.#/0*1*#*0*2.%,(34235#1,2&6&

K79$%8*9*& L*78%8(>& 7*,(8*& #& 8$%>(6#9& 3.3>1*4*6*8$%9& .& %3/('.,(9& L(86%8"#$(9&

(&,#2%/8%+#;,(9&,/#9#8*1#+%+3-&M/6*+.,*&8*'(,(8&)(2#6*&8(6*-&,6*1#+%+8*-&'/%9)*&$(4&
36#$%,&8%&#&'(+'38*&7*,(8.,*&/$%4%8$*&3&(6(9&'()/3;$3?N
O*$6*08#$*&8(6#8*&3&L*78%8(9&7*,(83&$%&8$%>(6(&3.3>1*4*6*8$%&.&(2*6%7*9*&'/%C
37%+#9&'(+'#.#6*8$%9&)"*+(*,-.(/"/0-1('*($-20"3/0'-3-*&4-$($5&P#$%<*&Q3/('%&=OOCRS&
TUVW?-&XUVX?A?&Y*)#&.%&(&)(&.*)*&8*$6%<%9-&8*$('.%08#$%9&*1#&#&8*$,6*1#+%+8#$%9&%3/('.,(9&
)(,39%8+3&(&+*,6($&6/.+#&,/#9#8*1#+%+*-&,($3&.3&'(+'#.*1%&#&8%,%&8%%3/('.,%&#8:(/9*+#;,%&
6%1%.#1%-&'(8*$'/#$%&Z$%)#8$%8%&B9%/#;,%&[/0*6%-&L*8*)*&#&I*'*8?
L(86%8"#$*&$%&.6%;*8(&'(+'#.*8*&WN?&.+3)%8(>&WVV\?&3&E3)#9'%4+#-&+%&$%&'/%).+*61$%8*&
,*(&9%]38*/()8(&'/*68#&#8.+/39%8+&,($#9&.%&'(&'/6#&'3+&/%>31#/*$3&'/(21%9#&6%7*8#&37&
,(/#4+%8$%&#&'/#$%8(.&#8:(/9*"#$*&#&'()*+*,*&'/%,(&#8:(/9*+#;,#F&#&+%1%,(938#,*"#$.,#F&
.3.+*6*?&S'/*6(&.%&7*+(&#&7(6%&L(86%8"#$*&(&,#2%/8%+#;,(9-&*&8%&/*;38*18(9&,/#9#8*13?
O*#9%-&.6%&2/0%&#8+%>/#/*8$%&#8:(/9*+#;,%&#&+%1%,(938#,*"#$.,%&+%F8(1(>#$%&#&8$#F(6*&
9%]3.(28*&(6#.8(.+&)(6()%&#&)(&'(6%7*8(.+#&8$#F(6%&71(3'(/*2%-&'*&'($*9&^/*;38*18#&
,/#9#8*1#+%+^&'(.+*$%&'/%37*,&#&7*9$%8$3$%&.%&4#/#9&'($9(9&^,#2%/8%+#;,(>&,/#9#8*1#+%+*^?&
K&'/%9)*&$%&'($*9&'/#F6*<%8-&$(4&36#$%,&8%&'(.+($#&8$%>(6*&('<%'/#F6*<%8*&)%_8#"#$*-&
38*+(;&.6#9&8*.+($*8$#9*&)*&.%&(8*-&,*(&#&.*)/0*$&#&('.%>&'($9*&@&()/%)%?&O*$'/#F6*<%C
8#$*&)%_8#"#$*&'*,&,*0%&)*&,#2%/8%+#;,#&,/#9#8*1&(23F6*<*&.6*&,*78%8*&)$%1*&'(;#8$%8*&
383+*/&,#2%/8%+#;,(>&'/(.+(/*-&'('31*/8(>&,61('78&,(&-&37&'(9(<&#8:(/9*+#;,%&#&+%1%C
,(938#,*"#$.,%&+%F8(1(>#$%&#1#&8*&.*9($&#8:(/9*+#;,($&#&+%1%,(938#,*"#$.,($&+%F8(1(>#$#-&
,($%&;#8#&8$%>(63&#8:/*.+/3,+3/3?
G%9%1$83&#8:/*.+/3,+3/3&,61('78&,(&&;#8#&#8+%/8%+-&,($#&.6($(9&>1(2*18(4<3-&(+6(C
/%8(4<3&+%&)(.+3'8(4<3&'(.+*$%&#76(/(9&.6%&6%<#F&#&('*.8#$#F&71(3'(/*2*-&*&2(/2*&'/(+#6&

J*,(8&(&#79$%8*9*&#&)('38*9*&L*78%8(>&7*,(8*?&=OO&\V!UVX?A
N&

!
Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

!"#$%&'$(#")*'%+*,-(.%/)0.!',12!.%-.,'2!".3%4'51%('5*'%-.,'2!"'%#6#%!#")%71-(1"'6'%#6#%")%
8#6'%!)1,9'!#&#,'!'%#%71")2#!'+!':%;#")<)%=.,17)%")%>??@3%912#!)%1-!1*'61%71-)8!.%51A
/#-#".:%!"##$%%&&'"(')*+&,%-'".'!,$#&'$.'!/0&,'1+23&:%+#"#%")%&'2'('5%8#1%.(*,2#(#%-('!")%
#%&'71+)(#%,'2%!'%/)0.!',12!#/%#!-(,./)!(#/'%&'%81,8.%7,1(#*%5,#/#!'6'%!'%#!(),!)(.B.
C'51!%(,#%912#!)%,'2'%.%('"!1-(#:%C'D,(%51!*)!D#")%7,*#%7.(%")%7,)2-('*6")!%"'*!1-(#%
5,'")/%EFFF3%912#!)3%C"#/)%")%7,)2*#0)!1%2'%<)%-(,'!5)%.-*1"#(#%&'51!-5'%#%2,.9'%,")G)!"'%
!.H!'%2'%-)%.%21/'<)/%&'51!12'*-(*.%/19.%7,191!#(#%71+#!#()6"#%5'&!)!#$%2")6'%7,1(#*%
('"!1-(#:%#!()9,#()('%#%21-(.7!1-(#%,'+.!'6!#$%712'('5'%#%-.-('*':%5'&!)!#$%2")6'%.%*)&#%-%
,'+.!'61/:%.%*)&#%-'%-'2,H'")/%#%.%*)&#%-%71*,)2'/'%'.(1,-5#$%#%-,12!#$%7,'*'3%I-*1")!1%
")% #% ,")G'*'!")% 7,1D)-!#$% 7#('!"'% *)&'!#$% &'% 7,)(,'9.% #% 7,#8'*6"'!")% 215'&':% 1*6'G()!"'%
,)2',-(*)!#$%*6'-(#:%!'26)H!1-(%-.2':%#&,.+)!")%71+#!#()6"':%.&'"'/!.%-.,'2!".%()%18'*)&)%
internet +,"4$5&,2%J2'*'()6"%.-6.9)%&'%7,#-(.7%#!(),!)(.K3
;)6#5'%,)L1,/'%21/'<)9%5'&!)!19%&'51!12'*-(*'%>??@3%912#!)%7,*#%7.(%")%.%!'G)%
7,'*1%.*)6'%,'+.!'6!#%5,#/#!'6:%#%(1%.%+6'!5.%EEM3%4NA':%5'&!)!1%2")61%OG()<)!")%#%.71A
,'8'%(.0#$%712'('5'3%P,)/2'%")%('5*1%&'51!-51%,")G)!")%715'&'61%2'%Q,*'(-5'%,'&./#")%
7,186)/)%51")%,'+.!'6!#%5,#/#!'6%21!1-#:%()G51%-)%1()(#%21"/.%2'%(1%,")G)!")%!#")%8#61%
!'"-,)(!#")3%P,*'%&'/"),5'%12!1-#6'%-)%!'%(1%2'%+6'!'5%!)%7,'*#%,'&6#5.%#&/)0.%&61.71,'8'%
#%G()('%71+#!")!#$%!'%7,#*'(!1/%,'+.!'6.%#%,'+.!'6.%2,H'*!)%#!-(#(.D#")%#6#%712.&)<':%'%
7,)2*#0)!)%-'!5D#")%!#-.%8#6)%,'&/"),!)3%R'51%-):%!'%7,#/"),:%71+#!#()6"'%&'%!)6)9'6!1%7,)A
-!#/'*'!")%#%7,12'".%-1L(*),-5#$%ST%/)2#"'%J)!93%!"#+23%'6$-7K%/1961%5'&!#(#%!1*+'!1%
#6#%&'(*1,1/%21%+'5%(,#%912#!):%215%8#%9'%-)%&'%7,1*'6.%.%(.0)%,'+.!'61:%("3%8237$.9%5'&!#61%
21%G)-(%/")-)D#%&'(*1,'3%N'%1G()<)!"):%#&/")!.%#6#%.!#G()!")%(.0#$%712'('5'%#6#%,'+.!'6!#$%
7,19,'/'%&'51!-5#%/'5-#/./%/"),)%5'&!)%&'(*1,'%")%912#!.%2'!'3%U'-!'%")%!)619#+!1-(%
#%!),'&/"),!1-(%1*#$%&'51!-5#$%,")G)!"'3%I!'(1+%(1/):%V)7.86#5'%Q,*'(-5'%#&.&)(!1%")%
.-7")G!'%.%81,8#%7,1(#*%,'+.!'6!19%5,#/#!'6#()(':%('51%2'%!#-.%,#")(5)%*#")-(#%1%,'&8#"'!".%
7)21W6-5#$%6'!'D'%.%51"#/'%-.%!'G#%-(,.+!"'D#%#/'6#%*)6#5.%.619.3
V)7.86#5'% Q,*'(-5'% ")% 41!*)!D#".% 1% 5#8),!)(#+51/% 5,#/#!'6#()(.% 71(7#-'6'% EM3%
-(.2)!19% EFF>3:% '% 18*)&)% 51")% -.% (#/)% 7,).&)()% 12!1-#6)% -.% -)% !'% #&/")!.% 4'&!)!19%
&'51!'%.%51"#%")%(,)8'61%.!#")(#%!1*'%5'&!)!'%2")6':%#%(1X%!)&'51!#(#%7,#-(.7:%!)&'51!#(1%
7,)-,)('!"):%1/)('!")%712'('5':%1/)('!")%-.-('*':%&6171,'8'%!'7,'*':%,'+.!'6!1%5,#*1A
(*1,)!"):%,'+.!'6!'%7,#")*',':%2")6'%71*)&'!'%.&%2")+".%71,!19,'W".%#%'.(1,-5'%7,'*':%.%
-6.+'")*#/'%5'2'%-)%,'+.!'6'%#%#!(),!)(%51,#-()%&'%5'H!"#*.%,'2!".3
R'510),%")%(,)8'61%#!5,#/#!#,'(#%#%2")6'%51"'%.56".+.".%715.G'":%71/'9'!")%#%71(#D'!")%
!'%-*)%!'*)2)!)%5'H!"#*)%,'2!")3%Y&/")!)%51")%-.%7,1*)2)!)%#7'5%-.%-'/1%2")61/#+!):%"),%
!#-.%#!5,#/#!#,'!'%-*'%41!*)!D#"1/%7,)2*#0)!'%2")6'3
C'"*)<'% #!(),*)!D#"'% 8#6'% ")% .% -71/)!.(1/% +6'!5.% EEM3% 4NA'3% Y!5,#/#!#,'!)% -.%
!1*)%&61.71,'8):%('51%2'%-.%-'2':%.&%Z1G()<)!"):%#&/")!.:%8,#-'!"):%.!#G()!")%#6#%2,.9)%
!'+#!)%&61.71,'8)%712'('5'Z%51"#%#$%+#!)%!).71,'86"#*#/':%5'H!"#*#%#%-*#%!'+#!#%51"#/'%
-)%1!#%+#!)%.&5"-%:+.$#23%R'%")%!1*1-(%71-)8!1%8#(!'%.%-#(.'D#"'/'%.%51"#/'%712'D#%!#-.%
#&8,#-'!#%#6#%1G()<)!#:%'6#%#/%-)%!)%/1H)%7,#-(.7#(#%&819%2")61*'!"'%/'6#D#1&!#$%7,19,'/':%
7,#")%-*)9'%virusa:%3,42 i %,";2.-7$8'7".;23%R#/)%-)%!'7151!%7,19,'/#/'%#%712'D#/'%

B%
U.,/'!:%T3:%Y!(),!)(%[%4#8),!)(#+5#%5,#/#!'6:%$((7X\\]]]32".,/'!3D1/\#!2)^37$7%A%>F3%_. EFF?3

6
 Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

"#$%&'()(* +,-.(/(* 0(12$2(* /("* $* 3(2,'$+(4.$3* 5',-3,2$3(6* 7($3,8* -"* #(-(* #,* /'(9(*
'(:&.(4.$;*5"-(2(/(*.$+,*#3(2'(4(*/'(9"38*+,'*5"-(<$*.$#&*=0$:/$*&/'(-,.$*$0*'(:&.(4(6*
>$.+,.$<&*-(*#&*5',/"5$'(.$*$*-"#2&5.$*-'&%$3(8*0(/".*.$+,*&)(?()("6
@2()(/* A6* :4(./(* BBA6* CDE(* #(./<$".$'(* !"#$%"&'()*)#+$, -.-, "/$0)*)#+$, 1)2),
ili korištenja” '(:&.(4(*$4$*'(:&.(4.,*/"3&.$/(<$+,8*&*5')"3,*',-&*/("*+"1*+,-(.*.(:$.*
/(?.+()(.+(*$0'(-,*$*5'$+,."#(*3(4$<$"0.$;*5'"%'(3(8*(4$*$*#),*-'&%,*.(:$.,*&#/'(F$)(.+(*
&#4&%(8*20)3,4$#-).,"5,6$1*-7$*GH"@I*.(5(-(6*J.2,'5',2(<$+(*"),*."'3,*-(+,*$*3"%&F."#2*
/(?.+()(.+(*20)6*89)%%-#&)*G,.%6*69)%*K*.,?,4+,.(*5"12(I8*#4(.+(*),4$/"%*L'"+(*,E3($4*
5"'&/(*#*.(3+,'"3*0(%&1,.+(*#,'),'(*$4$*'(:&.(4(*5'$3(2,4+(8*&#4$+,-*/"+,%*#&#2()*5',#2(+,*
'(-$2$6*M',3-(*+,*.(3+,'(*0(/"."-()<(*5'"L4,3*89)%%-#&)*'$+,1$2$*&*5"#,L."3*0(/".&8*
.,*2',L(*$#/4+&:$2$*.$*")&*3"%&F."#26*M',-)$9,.(*#(./<$+(*0(*#)(*.(),-,.(*-+,4(*+,*."):(.(*
/(0.(*$4$*/(0.(*0(2)"'(*-"*2'$*%"-$.,6*N"*.(#*-")"-$*-"*-'&%,*L$2.,*.")"#2$8*5"),F(.+(*
#(./<$+(*0(*5":$.$2,4+,8*/"+,*#,*#(-(*$*'(04$/&+&*")$#."*"*2"3,*+,*4$*/(0.,."*-+,4"*5":$.+,E
."*.(*5'$)(2."3*'(:&.(4&*G."):(.(*/(0.(*$4$*/(0.(*0(2)"'(*-"*2'$*%"-$.,I*$4$*O'(:&.(4&8*
#&#2()&8*5"-(2/&*$4$*5'"%'(3&*2$+,4(*-'?().,*)4(#2$8*+().,*&#2(."),*$4$*2'%")(:/"%*-'&12)(*
"-*5"#,L."%*+()."%*$.2,',#(O8*(*&*2"3*#4&:(+&*+,*#(./<$+(*$#/4+&:$)"*/(0.(*0(2)"'(8*"-*2'$*
3+,#,<(*-"*5,2*%"-$.(6
H(4+.+,*.")"#2$*"-."#,*#,*.(*/(?.+()(.+,*.,")4(12,.,*$0'(-,*$*5'"-(+,*.(5'()(*$*
5'"%'(3(*5'$4(%"9,.$;*0(*:$.+,.+,*/(0.,.$;*-+,4(*'(:&.(4."%*/'$3$.(4$2,2(8*2,*/(?.+()(.+,*
0(*5"/&1(+*L$4"*/"+,%*"-*#)$;*#5"3,.&2$;*/(0.,.$;*-+,4(6
P,-."*"-*'+,1,.+(*$5(/*.$+,*&#&%4(1,."*#*C".),.<$+"38*(*'(-$*#,*"*/(0.,."3*-+,E
4&* .,")4(12,."%* 5'$#2&5(* 5"-(<$3(* $4$* 5'"%'(3$3(8* 20)6* :);-#&'6* 7($3,8* C".),.<$+(*
5',-)$9(*#(./<$".$'(.+,*#(3"%*.,")4(12,."%*5'$#2&5(8*-"/*.(1*C(0.,.$*0(/".*/(?.+()(*
.,")4(12,.$*5'$#2&5*!'#)/"<,=)>/-/#-%,%+$1)%)?6*N"*'+,1,.+,*3"?,*L$2$*5'$4$:."*0L&.+&E
+&F,8*+,'*&*Q')(2#/"+*+"1*&)$+,/*.,*5"#2"+$*#2(.-('-$0$'(.$*.(:$.*0(12$2,*$.R"'3(<$+#/$;*
#&#2()(6*H"/*#,*2"*.,*&2)'-$8*5'"<+,.&*"*5"#2"+(.+&*0(12$2.$;*3+,'(*3"'(2*F,*-(2$*#&-*&*
#)(/"3*5"#,L."3*#4&:(+&8*(*;(/,'$3(*"#2(+,*$0)'#.(*3"%&F."#2*"L'(.,*.(*#&-&6*S($:/$*
%")"',F$8*#)(/$*;(/,'*#,*3"?,*L'(.$2$*-(*.$#&*5"#2"+(4,*0(12$2.,*3+,',8*+,'*-(*+,#&8*".*.,*
L$*3"%("*5'")(4$2$*&*#&#2()6
T#$3*.(L'"+(.$;*$.2,'),.<$+(*&*:4(./&*BBA6*CDE(8*&),-,.(*#&*$*-)(*5"25&."*.")(*
/(0.,.(* -+,4(8* 1)<'#).#", ;1-*"/*"1$#+$ i 1)<'#).#), 91-+$*)1)6* @)';&* $./'$3$.$'(.+(*
'(:&.(4."%*/'$)"2)"',.+(*.,*2',L(*5"#,L."*"L+(1.+()(2$6
U*)'$+,3,*,/#5(.0$+,*$*#),*),F,*)(?."#2$*,4,/2'".#/"%*5"#4")(.+(8*5'()"*3"'(*-(2$*
+,-.(/&*0(12$2&*,4,/2'".$:/$3*-"/&3,.2$3(*/("*$*".$3*5(5$'.(2$3(6*C"./',2."8*L$4"*
/(/)(* 3(.$5&4(<$+(* 5"-(<$3(* $* 5'"%'(3$3(* /"+$* $3(+&* )'$+,-."#2* 0(* 5'().,* "-."#,8*
',<$3"*&%")"'$3(*$4$*4$#2(3(*54(F(*&*'(:&.(4&8*',0&42$'(2*F,*0(2)"'"38*(*.,*4(/"*$*L'0"*
#2,:,."3*5'"2&5'()."3*$3")$.#/"3*/"'$#2$6*V(:&.(4.&*5'$+,)('&*5(/*/'(#$*L'"+."#2*$*
'(0."4$/"#2*5"+().$;*"L4$/(8*(*$*2(*3"%&F."#2*L'0,*0('(-,*-")"-$*-"*',(4.,*#$2&(<$+,*-(*+,*
2(/)$;*-+,4(*#),*)$1,6*C(/"*#,*$.2,'5',2(<$+"3*/4(#$:.$;*-+,4(*/'(9,8*5'$+,)(',8*5'".,)+,',*
$*-'&%$;*.,*3"?,*"#$%&'(2$*/)(4$2,2.(*0(12$2(*5"-(2(/(*$4$*$.R"'3(<$+(*&*'(:&.(4&8*L$4"*+,*
+(#."*-(*F,*#,*2"*3"'(2$*.(5'()$2$*&*.")"38*5"#,L."3*/(0.,."3*-+,4&6
N(/"* F,* 5'$L()4+(.+,* 5'"2&5'().,* $3")$.#/,* /"'$#2$* $03+,."3* 2&9$;* '(:&.(4.$;*
5"-(2(/(*$4$*5'"%'(3(*&*/".(:.$<$*L$2$*/(?.+,."*#(*2'$*3+,#,<(*-"*5,2*%"-$.(*0(2)"'(6*J(/"*

!
Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

"#$%&'()*+,-.*/0)*+$-*/(+0%.-#1#2#+$-*.2#+/-#234.#+2*+$43-%56%+-*5%2*'247+)-(1(2*'*8+
&-9(2*+)4641+0#+42+-*9.(6*+9*:/(6#.*+0/*'2#+$-('*743&#+)*)4+&(+9*)42+$-*/(4+$-416#2#+%+
.(-/%*'241+0.(6#/%;

!"#$%$&'()*+,&+#-)&./+#+#0(.&1.

<9-*9(/4+ 6#+ .*=24+ 3*+ 0.(+ #'#)/-42(5)(+ 34)*9(+ &%3%+ $-(&*.'6#2(+ %+ 0)'*3%+ 0*+ 9*)420)(1+
$-*.('(1*8+6#-+>#+(:+%+0%$-4/241+(0/-*=2(+0%3*?+(9%9#/(+(9+0$(0*+)*4+2#9*)42(/#+34)*9#;+
@4'(?(60)(+ (0/-*=(/#'6(+ 0%+ $-.*+ A0/-%52*+ '(2(6*A+ )46*+ 4&-*B%6#+ 4.*).#+ 0'%5*6#.#;+ @414>8+
/(6#)41+ 4&-*3#+ 16#0/*+ 347*B*6*+ (+ $-()%$'6*26*+ #'#)/-42(5)(:+ 34)*9*8+ 147%+ (1+ $-%=(/(+
0/-%52#+404&#;+C48+0%3+>#+.6#D/*5#26#+#'#)/-42(5)(:+34)*9*+$-#$%0/(/(+0%30)41+.6#D/*)%+
(9+$43-%56*+(2E4-1*/()#8+#'#)/-42()#8+#'#)/-4/#:2()#+('(+)41%2()*?(6*8+)46(+14=#+0%3%+2*+
6#3240/*.*2+2*5(2+$46*02(/(+)41$'(?(-*2#+/#:2(5)#+0*3-=*6#+.#9*2#+%9+$45(26#26#+36#'*+(9+
$43-%56*+-*5%2*'247+)-(1(2*'(/#/*F.
G(6#)41+*2*'(9#8+0%30)(+.6#D/*)+%+0)'*3%+0+.*'6*2(1+2*'4741+0%3*+14-*+4374.4-(/(+
2*+$40/*.'6#2*+$(/*26*8+D/4+2(6#+%.(6#)+6#3240/*.24;+H*$(0(+2*+4$/(5)(1+1#3(6(1*8+%)4'()4+
(:+(1*8+$-('(524+0%+2#3.401(0'#2(;+C48+9*$(0(+2*+/.-3(1+3(0)4.(1*+0*3-=#+0*14+0/*26#+
%+ /-#2%/)%+ $-(.-#1#247+ 43%9(1*26*+ 2$-;+ 43+ 40%126(5#2()*8+ 34)+ 0#+ $(/*26*+ 0%?*+ 5#0/4+
43240#+2*+347*B*6#+(9+$-4D'40/(8+2*+)46*+2(6#+147%>#+4374.4-(/(+6#-+4+26(1*+6#3240/*.24+
.(D#+2#1*+-*0$4'4=(.(:+/-*74.*;
@42#)*3+0%30)(+.6#D/*)+2#+14=#+34>(+34+/-*74.*+)46(+0%+1%+$4/-#&2(+6#-+(:+2#1*8+
2(0%+340/%$2(8+0)-(.#2(+0%+('(+0%+%2(D/#2(;+I+/41+0'%5*6%8+0%30)(+.6#D/*)+0#+2#+01(6#+%$%D/*/(+
%+AD$#)%'*?(6#A8+1(D'6#26#+14-*+/#1#'6(/(+2*+5(26#2(?*1*8+5*)+(+)*3*+6#+0(7%-*2+%+2#D/4+4+
5#1%+2#1*+)42)-#/2(:+/-*74.*;
@-#1*+/41#8+0%30)(+.6#D/*)+14-*+0#+4-(6#2/(-*/(+$-(1*-24+2*+5(26#2(?#+(9+0.46#+0/-%)#+
(+/-#&*+$40/*.(/(+6*02#+47-*3#+$-#1*+(924D#26%+&('4+)*).(:+5(26#2(?*+('(+0/*.4.*+)46(+2(0%+
3(4+26#74.*+0/-%5247+$43-%56*;+C*3*'6#8+/(6#)41+)*92#247+$40/%$)*8+.6#D/*5#26#+0%30)47+
.6#D/*)*+14=#+&(/(+$-(:.*>#24+)*4+1#-(/4-24+$-(+3424D#26%+43'%)#8+%)4'()4+6#+2*$-*.'6#24+
0/-%5248+0%3%+$-(:.*/'6(.4+6*0248+2#3.401(0'#24;
@-4E#0(42*'2*+6#+3%=240/+0%30)47+.6#D/*)*+3*+2()*3*+0.46(1+E4-#29(52(1+-*326*1*+
2#+)42/*1(2(-*+34)*92(+1*/#-(6*'8+4324024+43%9#/#+1#3(6#8+/.-3#+3(0)4.#+(+4$-#1%;+@4J
2#)*3+6#+.6#D/*)%+.-'4+/#D)4+4&*.'6*/(+%.(3+(+*2*'(9%+&#9+1(6#26*26*+$-(1*-247+0*3-=*6*;
I+.#>(2(+0'%5*6#.*+/(6#)41+$-4.4B#26*+:(/2#+(0/-*=2#+-*326#+$-#/-*7#+0/*2*+(+3-%7(:+
$-40/4-(6*8+%+0%30)41+2*'47%+9*+$-#/-*7%+0/*2*+(+3%7(:+$-40/4-(6*8+(0/-*=2(+0%3*?+2#+=#'(+
%)'6%5(/(+(+$-#/-*7%+-*5%2*'*+(+-*5%2*'2#+4$-#1#8+%9+4&-*9'4=#26#+3*+6#+9*+(93*.*26#+2*'47*+
$4/-#&24+3#/*'62(6#+4$(0*/(+404&24+-*5%2*'4+('(+3-%7#+#'#)/-42(5)#+34)*9#+)46(+0%+$-#31#/+
$43%9(1*26*+:(/2#+(0/-*=2#+-*326#+$-#/-*7#8+43240248+$4/-#&24+6#+2*.#0/(+&*-#1+1*-)%+('(+
143#'+$-#31#/247+404&247+-*5%2*'*+('(+-*5%2*'2#+)41$42#2/#;+K-'4+0%+-(6#/)#+$-#/-*7#+
0/*2*+%+)46(1*+0%+$-(6#+$45#/)*+$-#/-*7#+$492*/#+)*-*)/#-(0/()#+404&2(:+-*5%2*'*8+)*)4+
&(014+7*+3#/*'624+4$(0*'(+-*3(+34&(.*26*+0%30)47+2*'47*+9*+$-#/-*7%+404&247+-*5%2*'*8+*+

F+
"#L#08+M;8+N-(//0428+";8+OPQ:#*8+R;8+Q/##'8+S;8+TL&#-+T-(1#+<2.#0/(7*/(420U+N-(37(27+/:#+V*$0+N#/W##2+
Q#?%-(/L+@-4E#00(42*'08+X*W+Y2E4-?#1#2/8+*23+@-40#?%/4-08+"4?)'*238+QL27-#00+@%&'(0:(27+<2?;8+Z[[\;

!
 Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

"#$%&'()*%)&#()*'+%)",%-,'.%)*-'$')(#/%)(#)*'0$'$1')(')*%)+'-%,21'3$2)(#&'02)"#42$1%$1')
&'0$%$25)(1%3')$'3'0%)$')#*#6$2+),'47$'32+')232)(,7.2+),'47$'3$2+)&#+"#$%$-'+'8
9'&#/%,)"#*-#1%)*2-7':21%)&'()*%)-21%&#+)",%-,'.%)*-'$')2)(,7.25)",#*-#,21')06#.)#*;
$#<')*7+$1%)7)"#42$1%$1%)&'0$25)(1%3')20)"#(,741')'7-#,*&25)",'<')#-&,217)-0<8)=,'(2#$2:%)
0')",#20<#($17)>?;@)232)?A?;@)+%(21'=B)7)&#12+')*%)0'-%&$%)<2C%)#*#6$25),'47$'3')&#1')
*7)2$*-'32,'$')&'#)*'+#*-'3$%),'($%)1%(2$2:%)232)*7)+%/7*#6$#)"#<%0'$%)7)+,%D7B)')&#1%)
$21%)+#.7E%)",%-,'D2-2)06#.)-#.')C-#)62)",%-,'.')+#.3')"#-,'1'-2)2)$%&#32&#)('$'8
F#*-'<31')*%)"2-'$1%)C-#)742$2-2)7)-'&<2+)",232&'+'GH)I'11%($#*-'<$21%),1%C%$1%)1%)
#*#6$'),'47$'3')0'"%4'-2-2)*37D6%$2+)"%4'-#+B)&'&#)62)*%)(#)-,%$7-&')"#(702+'$1')$12;
5#<%)",%-,'.%B)#*2.7,'3')<1%,#(#*-#1$#*-)(#&'0'8)I'('31%B)*37D6%$2+)"%4'-#+)*%)+#.7)2)
+#,'17)0'"%4'-2-2)2)<'$1*&2)$#*2-%312)%3%&-,#$24&25)(#&'0'B)&'#)C-#)*7)4<,*-2)(2*&#<2)J!"#$%
&'()KB)LMN)J%$.8)*+',-#(".%/-#'".%01(K)+%+#,21%)J(2'3)K)2)(2*&#<2B)#"-24&2)+%(212)J>?B)
?A?B)0.145"6B)O?;?A?KB)(2*&%-%)2)#*-'32)+%(212)$')&#1%)1%)+#.7E%)"#5,'$12<'-2)"#('-&%)
J+%+#,21*&%)&',-2:%K8
9'&<2+) "%4'E%$1%+) *37D6%$2+) "%4'-#+) *",1%4'<') *%) *<'&') +#.7E$#*-) $125#<%)
7"#,'6%)(#)"#4%-&')",%-,'.%B)C-#)1%)<,3#)62-$#)&'&#)62)*%)#-&3#$23')+#.7E$#*-)(')*%)7)
",#:%*$#+)(21%37)<3'*$2&),'47$'3')232)$1%.#<)#(<1%-$2&)"#0#<%)$')",#:%(7,'3$7)"#.,%C&7B)
70)$'<#(%)(')*7),'47$'3')623')7)"#32:212B)-%)"#*-#12)+#.7E$#*-)(')*7)"#(':2)+21%$1'$28)
M&2('$1%)*37D6%$#.)"%4'-')",%(*-'<31')&'0$%$#)(1%3#)#"2*'$#)7)43'$&7)PQP8)RS;'B)-%)*%)
$')-'1)$'42$)#()%<%$-7'3$%)03#7"#,'6%)C-2-%)*<%)*-,'$%)2)#*#6%)&#1%)*7(1%3717)7)20<2(2+')
&'0$%$25)(1%3')7)&#12+')*%)&'#)*,%(*-<#)232)",%(+%-)"#42$1%$1')&'0$%$#.)(1%3')"#1'<31717)
%3%&-,#$24&2)(#&'028

!"#"$%&'(&)*+,)-.'$&)/0-)1)

@'(2)",26'<31'$1')+'-%,21'3$25)(#&'0')(')1%)6'C)-2+)*,%(*-<#+)"#42$1%$#)&'0$%$#)
(1%3#B)#($#*$#)(')*%)$'T7)$1%+7)&,217)(#&'02)&#12)*7)",#20<#()&'0$%$#.)(1%3'B)#*#6$#)
,'47$'3#)1%)"#-,%6$#)",%-,'D2-2B)#($#*$#)"#-,%6$#)1%)742$2-2)7<2()7)*'(,D'1)"#('-'&')&#12)
*%)$'3'0%)$')-<,(#+)(2*&7),'47$'3'8
F,%"#0$'<'$1%)%3%&-,#$24&25)(#&'0')",%(*-'<31')",#:%*)&#12)*%)+#,')#(<21'-2)7)(<')
*-'(21'8)L)",<#+)*-'(217)2*-,'D2-%312)+#,'17)",%"#0$'-2)5',(<%,)&#12)*'(,D2)2$U#,+':21%B)')
$'&#$)4%.')2*-,'D2-%312)+#,'17)62-2)7)+#.7E$#*-2),'032&#<'-2)$%<'D$%)2$U#,+':21%)2)(2.2-'3$%)
"#('-&%)&#12)*7)7)*<%02)*)"#42$1%$2+)(1%3#+)232)+#.7)",7D2-2)<%07)20+%/7)(1%3')2)D,-<%)
232)(1%3')2)"#42$2-%31'8)921%&#+)",#<#/%$1')20<2(')&'0$%$25)(1%3')20)"#(,741'),'47$'3$#.)
&,2+2$'32-%-'B)&'#)2)*<25)(,7.25)20<2(')&'0$%$25)(1%3')7)&#12+')(#3'02)#()#*$#<'$%)*7+$1%)
(')1%)*,%(*-<#)"#42$1%$1')&'0$%$#.)(1%3')#*#6$#),'47$'3#)232)$%&2)$1%.#<)(2#B)#($#*$#)
,'47$'3$')&#+"#$%$-')&#1')+#D%)62-2)%3%&-,#$24&2)(#&'0B)"#32:21*&2)*37D6%$2:2)-,%6'17)
702+'-2)7)#602,)(')"#*-#12)<%32&2)6,#1),'03242-25)(21%3#<')5',(<%,')&#12)+#.7)*'(,D'<'-2)
%3%&-,#$24&%)(#&'0%B)')2*-#)-'&#)"#*-#12)2)<%32&2)6,#1),'03242-25)+%(21')0')"#5,'$7)"#('-'&'B)
')70')*<%)-#)-,%6')<#(2-2)2),'47$')#)+%(212+')0')",21%$#*)"#('-'&'8
?')62)*%)C-#)6#31%),'07+1%3')",#63%+'-2&')&#1')*%)#"2*71%B)$7D$#)1%)"#*1%(#<'-2)#*;
$#<$')0$'$1')#)789:8,':"%i%+";'+1%#"$"%(":8<%#";1+"."8)M-#.')-,%6')$%C-#),%E2)2)#)-#+%8)
M<'&2)"7-)&'(')*%),'47$'3#)"#&,%E%B)#$#)*%)+#,')",23'.#(2-2)#&#32$2)&#1').')#&,7D71%B)

!
Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

#$%#&%#'()*+%),%#-'./(01/(0-02'3(#4/&'.#5(/6)%-)'()*+%),)'%)708)'&/'boot'.(#4/&2'!""#
.(#4/&'+5,-+*+-/'6(0'#&%#8%/'()70%/6:
9''Centralna procesorska jedinica :/%;2'$%&#'()*+'",%--.&/*0&.#'<'=3>?'@'.(/$@
&6)8,-)'-/7;(+'&8)5#;'()*+%),)2'A8/'#80&0'#'B#;+C%#&60B)'.(#4/&#(&5/'-/$0%04/'$)'
.(#4/&0()'.(0B,-/%/'0%&6(+540-/2'3(8)'()70%)'+'D##6'.(#4/&+'-/'.#5(/%+60'#$%#&%#'
(/&/60()60'.(#4/&#(&5+'-/$0%04+'&'/,/56(0*%0B'0B.+,&#B2'E8)-'&/'/,/56(0*%0'0B.+,&'
+'.()80,+';/%/(0()'.(0,05#B'.#5(/6)%-)'()*+%),)2'3(#4/&#(&5)'-/$0%04)'-/'(/&/60()%)'
)5#'&/'.#5(/%/'FGEA2
!""#$%&'%(")*+,%("("(,*+,%("$)$-+'':/%;2'!(-.,*1&23)*(&4*53#23#*67-#%8*<'FGEA?'@'
(+5+-/'&/'#&%#8%0B'.#B04)%-/B'.#$)6)5)'#5#'()*+%),)2'A8)50'.(#;()B'5#-0'&/'
.#5(/C/'%)'()*+%),+'5#(0&60'6)-'&+&6)8'$)'5#B+%040()'&'.(#4/&#(&5#B'-/$0%04#B2'
H/50'&+&6)80'$#78#,-)8)-+'5#(0&%040B)'.#&6)8,-)%-/'7).#(5/'0'&8/'$#5'&/'7).#(5)'
%/'+60.5)I'&+&6)8'&/'%/'.#5(/C/2
!"".+/&-0$-(1+%20" 31(" 3&410-+%2)' :/%;2' +"9%':5&* 6%);* <%-#* <' 3EAJ?' @' 0&.06+-/'
#&%#8%/'5#B.#%/%6/'()*+%),)2'3(0,05#B')56080()%-)'&+&6)8)'.(8#'&/')56080()'&)@
B#6/&60()%-/2'>'&8#B'.#*/65+'&/'.#5)7+-/'D/&.(0-/5#(%#&6'.(#4/&#(&5/'-/$0%04/'
0'&+&6)8)2'H)5#%'6#;)'.#5)7+-/'$)'&8/'()*+%),%/'5#B.#%/%6/'0&.()8%#'1+%540#@
%0()-+2'K#$'8/,05#;'D(#-)'()*+%),)I'(/7+,6)60'#D()$/'&)B#6/&60()%-)'&/'&.(/B)-+'
+'=LEA'&5,#.':/%;2'$"82)%8%&#('7*=%#():5>.4%*6%8.,"&43,#"'?2'M5#'.#&6#-0'
D0,#'5)5)8'.(#D,/B'%)'D0,#'5#-#-'()70%0'&)B#6/&60()%-)I'()*+%),#'C/'&0;%),070()60'
78+*%0B'&0;%),0B)'0'.#(+5#B'%)'7)&,#%+'B#%06#()2'N)*+%),#'D0'6(/D),#'7)'&8)50'
78+*%0'&0;%),'0&.0&)60'%)'7)&,#%+'B#%06#()'#D-)O%-/%-/2'H)5#%'O6#'&+'&80'6/&6#80'
&6(#-%0P'5#B.#%/%)6)'+&.-/O%#'7)8(O/%0I'&+&6)8'+.+C+-/'.(#4/&#(&5+'-/$0%04+'$)'
.#6()Q0'B/$0-'5#-0'&)$(Q0'#./()40-&50'&+&6)82
!""#301+5(2$4("$)$-+'':/%;2'52%'(#.&/*67-#%8'<'EA?'@'.(#$+,-+-/'1+%540-/'&+&6)8)'0'
$-/,+-/'5)#'&+*/,-/'07B/R+'()*+%),)'0'8)%-&5#;'&80-/6)2'F/7'#./()40-&5#;'&+&6)8)'+'
$)%)O%-0B'+8-/60B)I'D0,#'D0'&5#(#'%/B#;+C/'7)B0&,060'5#B+%05)40-+'&'()*+%),#B2'
S/C0%)'$)%)O%-0P'()*+%),)'#*/5+-/'$)'C/'#./()40-&50'&+&6)8'D060'#B#;+C/%'%)'68(@
$#B'$0&5+'0,0'%/5#B'$(+;#B'B/$0-+2'K)$)'-/'()*+%),#'&.(/B%#'+*06)60'#./()40-&50'
&+&6)8I'()*+%),#'.(/6()Q+-/'&6)D,#'$0&5#8)'6()Q/C0'&./40T*)%'(/$#&,0-/$2'N)*+%),#'
+*06)8)'.(80'#./()40-&50'&+&6)8'%)'5#-0'%)0R/2'H)'#8)-'%)*0%I'&80B'-/'()*+%),0B)'
#B#;+C/%#'$)'.#&-/$+-+'.(0B)(%0'0'&/5+%$)(%0'#./()40-&50'&+&6)8I'6/'B#;+C%#&6'
&)B#&6),%#;'#$)D0()'Q/,-/%#;'#./()40-&5#;'&+&6)8)2
!""6'17("7($4':/%;2'?('4*@.-A?'@'.(0,05#B'1#(B)60()%-)'$0&5)'#%'&/'$0-/,0'%)'&6)7/'0'
&/56#(/2'K#BD0%)40-)'$8)-+'0,0'80O/'&/56#()'%)'-/$%#-'6()40'%)708)'&/',)3-#%'':/%;2'
$)3-#%'?'@'#&%#8%)'-/$0%04)'.#P()%/'.#$)6)5)'%)'$0&5+2'N)7,0*06#'1#(B)60()%-/'$0&5)'
0B)'()7,0*06/'8/,0*0%/'&5+.0%)'.#$)6)5)I'),0'-/'5#%4/.6'0&602'3(0,05#B'.#&.(/B)%-)'
$)6#6/5/'5#-)'7)+70B)'B)%-/'%/;#',0'-/$)%',)3-#%'I'#&6),/'$)6#6/5/'&/'%/C/'.#P()%-08)60'
+'.(/#&6),0'.(#&6#('%)',)3-#%'2'U/$%#B'5)$)',)3-#%''&)$(Q0'.#$)65/I'(/7/(80()%)'-/'
40-/,)'8/,0*0%)'0&6#;2'A8)50'()*+%),%0'$0&5'*+8)'7).0&/'#'&8)5#B'.#$)65+'+'&8)5#B'
,)3-#%'32'K)$)'-/'$)6#6/5)'07D(0&)%)I'.#$)40'#'$)6#6/40'&/'D(0O+'07'7).0&)'#'.#$)40@

6
F)*)I'L2I'>8#$'+'()*+%),%+'&0;+(%#&6I'V);(/DI'H)(#$%/'%#80%/I'W""X2

!"
 Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

"#$%#&'%()%*%+','%(#"#%-#,.,)/#%0)%+1'2)%(%1#3*0#&0.4%-'(/#5%6+.4%,.4#%7)%".4*8)%
91.0#8'%-#,.,)/*%0#%-'(/*%'%0#/.0%2,.%7)%+'&#%':+1'(#0#5%;.-#,#/%8)%0#%-'(/*%.(,#,'%
0).-1)<)05%=#/%'%/#-#%7)%':+1'(#0#%-#,.,)/#%91)9'(#0#%'%#/.%0.>#%-#,.,)/#%0)%:#*:")%
?'7)&'%91.(,.1%/.7'%:#*:'"#%!"#$%&'$%-'.%+'%':+1'(#0)%-#,.,)/)%".4#.%+','%91.3',#05

!"#"$%&'()&*+&$,('-*(.(

@#%2,.%7)%>#A0.%.+1#,','%9.:.10.(,%91'&'/."%9)3#8)07#%.(.+0'B%1#3*0#&#C%@#7>#A0'7)%
7)%.(.+0.%1#3*0#&.%:#9)3#,','%,#/.%-#%4#%0'7)%".4*8)%(,#>','%*%9.4.0$%.-0.(0.%-#%4#%0'7)%
".4*8)%*/&7*3','$%#%-#%()%(&*A+)0'%9)3#,%0)%.2,),'5
@#-#&7)$%9.,1)+0.%7)%.('4*1#,'%-#%()%(%.(.+0.4%1#3*0#&#%'&'%0#%.(.+0.%1#3*0#&.%+):%
9.>1)-)%9)3#,#%0)%".A)%(,#>','%'&'%(/'0*,'%0)/#%/."9.0)0,#%/.7#%7)%'0(,#&'1#0#%*%.(.+0."%
1#3*0#&*5%;.4&#>',.%()%,.%.-0.('%0#%0.(',)&7)%)&)/,1.0'3/'B%-./#:#%D-'(/.>)E5
F% 91#/('% ()% 3)(,.% 91.0#&#:)% .(.+0#% 1#3*0#&#% (#% 3'7)4% (*% /*8'2,#% (/'0*,)% +.30)%
(,1#0'?)$%:+.4%+.&7)4%B&#<)07#%'&'%9#/$%2,.%7)%3)28'%(&*3#7$%-#%()%-'(/%&#/2)%':>*3)%'%+#?'$%
*%(&*3#7*%-#%9.&'?'7#%:#/*?#%0#%>1#,#$%7)1%#/.%0)"#%-'(/#%G%0)"#%-./#:#5%H,.%*3'0','C%
@#77)-0.(,#>0'7)% 7)% .(.+0.% 1#3*0#&.% (,#>','% *% >1)8*% '&'% /*,'7*% '&'% 4#% *".,#,'% *% 9#9'1% '%
*3>1(,','$% ,)% 4#% :#9)3#,','$% ,#/.% -#% ()% /."9.0)0,#"#% 1#3*0#&#% 0)% ".A)% 91'(,*9','% +):%
9.>1)-)%(&*A+)0.4%9)3#,#5
;1'"7)1'%'(91#>0.4%9)3#8)07#%1#3*0#&#I

!"#$%"&'()(*'#%+,()-."%+/","(0$1+2-"
(%%0#% 9.&)<'0*% .(.+0.4% 1#3*0#&#% (,#>&7)0% 7)%
9#9'1%*3>128)0%&7)9&7'>."%,1#/."%/.7'%91)/1'J
>#%"7)(,#%91'/&7*3/#%0#9#7#07#%'%9)1'K)10'B%
*1)<#7#
(%%1#3*0#&.% 7)% 9.>):#0.% 29#4."% 0#% 3'7)"% ()%
3>.1*%0#&#:'%(&*A+)0'%9)3#,5

)"*+,-./-0,1&2,3&45-',2#4,"5
67895'/-9",$%*%,-*8',:,;

!"#$%"&'(*34(*'#%+5()-."%+/"(0$1+2-"
(%%91)-"),0.%1#3*0#&.%0'7)%'"#&.%+.30'B%(,1#J
0'?#$%,>1-'%-'(/.>'%0'(*%*3>128)0'%D>'()%0#%
/#+&.>'"#%:#%(9#7#07)E
(%%.+'30#%>1)8#%:#%(")8)%9.(&*A'&#%7)%/#.%#"J
+#&#A#%:#%9#/'1#07)$%9.>):#0#%(#%29#4."%0#%
/.7*%7)%(,#>&7)0%(&*A+)0'%9)3#,5

)"*+,-</-0,1&2,3&45-',2#4,"5-=&8-=524*>-
$%',4*!,-67895'/-9",$%*%,-*8',:,;

!!
Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

!"#$%&'(&')"*+,&*-'),)."#.*/*$,0'$)1'"2#
S&&'(5.)7/*7/& ($917$-/& 8$')9$G)7/& 1& /(565?
7$-7/.& +/(35& +$0/& %$& *1& '$+)7+?8$+,$($95&
'/,)8$75&2'$6/4&7$&0/.1&.)&*+$,-.)7&')9$+C&
/+,/(5+5&*)&4/B)&.)%57/&$0/&*)&')9$+&*057)=

T+-4(%U7%V(61)(W1*#%6'-Q1*#,*#%'()&*(+#%&
6'-6($(Q&W#Q%/#'O-%XL3"#'7%"+(,/-/(%-3'($(Y

!"#$%&'()*%&

#$%&'()%*+$,-.$&'/012$.&1,/%$&1&'(/3-)4$+501&($%$&*&%565+$-754&%/0$854$&1&'(,/4&()%1&
*&0(5457$-5*+59054&'(5*+1'/4&$7$-58)&4.)*+$&%/6$:$.$&/%7/*7/&'$05($7.$&5&'(5'()4)&8$&
+($7*'/(+&'/+)7;5.$-75<&7/*5+)-.$&%565+$-75<&'/%$+$0$=&>&%$7$27.)4&*,5.)+1&6/+/,/&.)&7)8$?
45*-5,/&($%5+5&7)2+/&3)8&($917$-75<&'/%$+$0$@&0/.5&*)&7$-$8)&'/<($7.)75&7$&7)0/4&4)%5.1=&
A-)0+(/75905&%/0$85&*1&*,1%$&/0/&7$*&.)(&B5,54/&1&*,5.)+1&1&0/.)4&+)<7/-/65.$&*,$0/%7),7/&
7$'()%1.)C&+)<7/-/65.)&0/.)&*)&3$,)&'/<($7/4&'/%$+$0$&*)&%$7/45;)&17$'():1.1=&D)+/%)&
'(501'-.$7.$&5&$7$-58)&)-)0+(/75905<&%/0$8$&4/($.1&35+5&+)4)-.5+/&5*'5+$7)&5&'/7/,-.5,)&0$0/&
35&*)&()81-+$+54$&%$-$&,.)(/%/*+/.7/*+&'/+()37$&8$&'(54.)71&1&%$-.7.)4&'/*+1'01=
>*16-$2$,$7.)4&*&/3$,)8$4$&'()18)+54&'/+'5*5,$7.)4&E/7,)7;5.)&/&053)(7)+590/4&
0(5457$-1&F5.)G$&A1(/')@&#)'13-50$&H(,$+*0$&.)&1*0-$%5-$&*,/.&E$87)75&8$0/7&*&1,.)+54$&
A1(/'*0)&175.)@&5&*$454&+54)&*4/&%/35-5&7)0/-50/&7/,5<&8$0/7*05<&(.)2)7.$&1&'/%(19.1&
)-)0+(/75905<&I%565+$-75<J&%/0$8$=
E$87)75&8$0/7&'(/'5*1.)&7)0/-50/&0$87)75<&%.)-$&0/.$&*)&/%7/*)&5*0-.195,/&7$&/,1&
'(/3-)4$+501@&$-5&*,$0$0/&7)&+()3$&8$3/($,5+5&./2&7)0)&8$0/7)&0$/&7$&'(54.)(&K$0/7&/&
$1+/(*0/4&'($,1&5&*(/%754&'($,54$@&K$0/7&/&8$2+5+5&/*/375<&'/%$+$0$@&K$0/7&/&)-)0?
+(/759054&0/41750$;5.$4$&5&%(=&>&*,54&7$,)%)754&8$0/754$&'/*+/.5&7)0/-50/&0$B7.5,5<&
%.)-$&1&0/.54$&.)&.)%575&%/0$8&5*0-.195,/&)-)0+(/75905&%/0$8=
#$%5&%/0$85,$7.$&/,5<&0$87)75<&%.)-$@&6/+/,/&1,5.)0&*)&'(/,/%5&'()+($B5,$7.)&($91?
7$-$&5&($917$-7)&/'()4)=&A-)0+(/75905&%/0$85&*1&-$0/&'(/4.)7.5,5=&L)%7/*+$,7/&10-.195,$7.)&
5M5-5&5*0-.195,$7.)&($917$-$&4/B)&1&'/+'17/*+5&1752+5+5&%/0$8)=&K3/6&+/6$&.)&,$B7/&35+5&
'(/452-.)7@&%/3(/&/(6$7585($7&5&1'/87$+&*&+)<7/-/65./4&0/.$&*)&5*+($B1.)=

'+,-.%,).%
!=&N$9$@&D=&I"OOPJ=&!"#$%&%'()&*(+*&%,-.&'*#,/=&K$6()3Q&R$(/%7)&7/,57)=
"=&ST#R)+&SA#U&5&VWXW&I"OOYJ=&0,*#"1%'()&*(+*1%2#'1*3-)41%(*(+-31. 5//6788,19&'-/:;+,,;
5'8$#9&<1*/,8=-*41$>#9&<1*/,8??@ABCD!E>0?CFGGHCIICIJK;6$2&?&Z=&"=&"OOZ=
[=&L1(4$7@&\=&L*/1'*1/%M%N-O1'*1/-)4-%4'-<-*(+. 5//6788PPP;$Q&'<(*;9#<8-*$1R;656&?&!O=&
6=&"OO]=

!"
 Nikola Protrka: Računalni podaci kao elektronički (digitalni) dokazi
Polic. sigur. (Zagreb), godina 20. (2011), broj 1, str. 1-13

#$%&'()*+%,$%-.//01$%!"#$%"&#'("&)*$)$+#%("'+*$,'-$"+$$%2)*3)*4%56787(9%:*(878;8<%)=%:*8<6>
*'87)*'?%'*3%@)AB'6'87C<%2'D$
E$% F6)86G'+% H$% -.//I1$% .&/0"&)"&* 1(%$"2'/3&* &"&)'2&$% J'6'K37*4% L'G;?8<8% )6M'*7N'O7P<% 7%
7*=)6A'87G<$
Q$%R<S<(+%T$+%56788()*+%R$+%UV,9<'+%W$+%,8<<?+%X$%-.//Y1$%456$%*4%'7$*!",$8#'9&#'("8:*;%'-9'"9*
#<$*=&>8*;$#?$$"*@$+0%'#5*A%(1$88'("&)8B*C&?*D"1(%+$7$"#B*&"-*A%(8$+0#(%8E%R)OG?'*34%
,S*M6<((%F;Z?7(97*M%:*O$
Y$%[7A;*37\+%,$+%L6'*P7\+%,$%-.//I1$%.&/0"&)"'*3%'7'"&)$%,B?784%F6'C*7%='G;?8<8%,C<;]7?7^8'%
;%,B?78;$

,;AA'6S
Nikola Protrka
Computer Data as Digital Evidence
_97(%'687O?<%<`B?'7*(%D9'8%O)AB;8<6%<C73<*O<%7(+%'*3%D9'8%7(%78(%7AB)68'*O<%=)6%89<%=;689<6%O);6(<%
)=%89<%B6)O<<37*M(+%73<*87=S7*M%()A<%B)8<*87'?%8SB<(%)=%O)AB;8<6%<C73<*O<+%'*3%D9<6<%89<S%O'*%
'??%6<(73<%7*%'%37M78'?%=)6A'8$%T(%O)AB;8<6%8<O9*)?)MS%'3C'*O<(+%()%'3C'*O<(%89<%8<O9*)?)MS%)=%
(8)67*M%O)AB;8<6%3'8'+%D97O9%8)3'S%'6<%'??%'6);*3%;($%@)??<O87*M%(;O9%3'8'+%D97O9%O'*%Z<%?'8<6%;(<3%
'(%<C73<*O<%7*%B6)O<<37*M(+%A;(8%Z<%3)*<%B6)=<((7)*'??S$
5S%(7M*7*M%89<%@)*C<*87)*%)*%@SZ<6O67A<+%89<%R<B;Z?7O%)=%@6)'87'%9'(%'((;A<3%89<%?7'Z7?78S%=)6%
O67A7*'?%'O8(%7*%89<%3)A'7*%)=%O)AB;8<6%O67A<+%'*3%89;(%89<%*;AZ<6%)=%*<D%?<M'?%()?;87)*(%7*%89<%
a<?3%)=%O)AB;8<6%-37M78'?1%<C73<*O<$
:*%B)?7O<%B6'O87O<+%A)6<%'*3%A)6<%B)?7O<%)=aO<6(%'6<%='O<3%D789%O)AB;8<6%<C73<*O<+%(7*O<%89<S%'6<%
B6<(<*8%7*%A)6<%O67A<($%:*%)63<6%8)%Z<88<6%O)??<O8%'*3%'*'?SN<%(;O9%<C73<*O<+%89<%B)?7O<%)=aO<6(%
(9);?3%9'C<%'%Z'(7O%;*3<6(8'*37*M%)=%O)*O<B8(%'*3%A<89)3(%)=%O)AB;8<6%D)6G+%O)AB;8<6%<b;7BA<*8%
)6%)89<6%3<C7O<(%O)*8'7*7*M%O)AB;8<6%-37M78'?1%<C73<*O<%'*3%89<S%A;(8%Z<%='A7?7'6%D789%89<%B6)B<6%
A<89)3%)=%(<'?7*M%'*3%(8)6'M<%)=%(;O9%<C73<*O<$
!"#$%&'()*%O)AB;8<6%<C73<*O<+%O)AB;8<6%O67A<+%OSZ<6O67A<+%O)AB;8<6%=)6<*(7O+%O)AB;8<6%=)>
6<*(7O%'*'?S(7($

!"