Running Head: PEPSI SCREENING 1

PEPSI SCREENING
Crystal Terwilliger
College of Southern Nevada
June 20, 2015
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BIO ON CHILD

The child that I am observing is a twelve year old female. This child
socioeconomic status is that she comes from a working class family. She is also a
child whose parents are divorced and both Parents are living with another partner.
Tiffany is a seventh grader, and has one older sister who is not living in the home,
she has moved out and started her own family. Tiffany is a happy child. But her
parents are concerned about the drop in her grades, as well as the additional
attitude towards them from her.
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PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
When looking at the physical development Tiffany is pretty much right on track
with girls her age.
http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114&np=122&id=
1866#2 Tiffany’s mother said that she has started to develop breast and within the
last six months has started to menstruate. She has also shown a lot more interest in
the opposite six. Her mother also stated that she has started shaving her under arms
and legs, due to the growth of hair. She also seems very self-conscious about her
looks. Feeling that she isn’t as pretty as the other girls, that she wishes she was this
or that. When looking at the early adolescence on this page. http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/
It also supports where Tiffany is with her physical development. Her mother has
stated that due to the fact of the change being so rapid that Tiffany had indeed felt
clumsy and awkward. One of the biggest changes the parents saw goes with what
this site says about adolescence. That a dependent child becomes and independent
person. Her parents said that she use to ask for their help with things but now she
doesn’t and she gets upset when they try to offer help to her.
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/psychology/development-
psychology/physical-cognitive-development-age-12/physical-development-age-
1219 I think it would be a good idea to get Tiffany into some
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EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
When it comes to emotional development, Tiffany’s parents think that she has a
hard time in this area. There are times that she over reacts to the simplest things.
One example they gave was when they told her to take out the trash, she reacted
with “Why do you treat me like a baby, you don’t have to remind me I know what
to do.” She seems to not be sure of who she is anymore, and just wants to fit in
with the crowd. Tiffany seems to be going through “Reflectivity” (Pg. 60) where
adolescents begin to look more closely at themselves and to define themselves
differently, and are prone to be dissatisfied with themselves.” Which goes along
with what Tiffany’s parents had stated about her not liking herself. According to
Eric Erikson’s eight stages of development Tiffany is in the fifth stage “Learning
Identity verses identify diffusion (Fidelity) http://childdevelopmentinfo.com/child-
development/erickson/ The stage of “Who am I?” This is where her parents are
seeing the rebellion, self-doubt and self-confusion. And according to James Maria,
adolescents need to experiment and remain flexible if they are successfully to find
their own identity. (Pg. 61) Which is really what her parents are wanting, they just
don’t want to lose her along that path to finding herself. That’s why this so is a
Identity vs. role confusion time for child in early adolescences.
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PHILOSOPHICAL DEVELOPMENT
In this area you have to look at Kohlberg’s third stage. (Pg. 55) The conventional
level of morality. Which means morality is defined in terms of cooperation with
peers. This is why friendship is so important at this age. But more than that the
“right” friendships are the most important. One thing Tiffany’s parents were telling
me is that Tiffany doesn’t seem to have many friends. Almost as if she hasn’t grasp
Piaget’s state of autonomous morality. Because a child’s social world expands to
include more and more peers. (Pg. 53) Tiffany seems more likely to hang out in her
bedroom then to go out and hang with friends. When questioned about it she
always says, “Well my friends are all busy. Or I have lots of friends they just can’t
hang out.” This is a huge concern for the parents. Tiffany seems to fit the guide
lines that students of this age “is often overwhelmed with the chaos and
restructuring, so rules and expectations become onerous and area negated as
“Nothing but social notions.”
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jde7/ese504/class/pepsi/reading2-1-1.html
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SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
This can be a very confusing time for adolescence because they are transitioning
between being a child and becoming an adult. One of the biggest issues Tiffany’s
parents’ sees with this stage is Tiffany’s self-esteem. She seems to have a very
hard time liking what she sees when she looks in the mirror. Even though she is a
very pretty girl. Her parents are concerned that Tiffany will “follow the crowd”
just to be accepted. I think this once again goes Eric Ericson’s the fifth stage
“Learning Identity verses identify diffusion (Fidelity)
http://childdevelopmentinfo.com/child-development/erickson/ The stage of “Who
am I?” I think this is true for any early adolescent. Because they are trying to figure
out right now who they are, where they fit in. The key word regarding personal and
social development is acceptance. (Pg 58) and that is one of the areas where
Tiffany feels she is lacking. And that worries her parents. Because children who
are rejected by their peers are more likely to drop out of school. Engage in
delinquent behavior, and have emotional and psychological problems in
adolescence and adulthood. (Pg. 59) So this is an area when I think Tiffany needs a
lot of attention. To try to find a way to build up her self-esteem, and make more
friends.
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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
This is the stage where Piaget’s stage of Formal operational starts. On the onset of
puberty, children’s thinking begins to develop into the form that is characteristic of
adults. (Pg. 35) They also have an aptitude to reason about situations and
conditions that have not been experienced. (Pg. 36) This fits with Tiffany because
her parents says that she is really interested in past history, she gets very passionate
about the holocaust, different things in history. She was always a really good
student until this last year, when her grades started to be effected to the point of her
failing two classes at the end of the school year. Which was really hard for the
parents because they know she is smart and can do it, but that Tiffany was
choosing not to. “Middle adolescence can be trying for both the teen and the
parent. This is the time when cognitive development is broadening and the teen
thinks in more futuristic terms. Complex thinking skills are used to focus on how a
teen views the world around them and where they fit into the picture.”
http://teens.lovetoknow.com/Cognitive_Development_in_Adolescence As it shows
in Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory (Pg 42) so much is involved in a child’s life
from peers, school, parents, and so much more. That it is sometimes a lot for a
early adolescent to accept. Sometimes you have to just give them room to grow.
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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PARENTS

When looking at all the information for Tiffany, one of the recommendations for
the parents would be to see about getting Tiffany into some peer counselling.
Having her talk to either another adult, or an older teen. Tiffany seems to be having
a hard time with finding herself. She seems to be a very smart girl who is caught in
the “Who am I” Stage. I think until she gets some clarity on that then it’s going to
be a struggle for her and her parents.
I would also recommend some classes for the parents on teens as well as maybe
some family counselling. So they can get together and see if they can’t work
together to help each other though the hard teen years.
I would also recommend then reading this sight to get some insight as to where
Tiffany stands on a developmental stand point. I think if Tiffany could find some
clarity on herself that they would have very little issues moving forward.
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jde7/ese504/class/pepsi/reading2-1-1.html
Physical Development: I would recommend her parents getting her into some
extracurricular activity to help her build her self-esteem and gain confidence in
herself.
Emotional Development: I would recommend her parents getting her either into
some counseling or maybe even peer counseling so that she can talk to someone
about what is bothering her.

Philosophical Development: If Tiffany gets engaged in some sports or activity that

she is interested it, she may be able to find some friends so that she can build those
friendships that are so important at this stage.

Social Development Again I would recommend doing things to help tiffany find
more friends, and feel better about herself.

Intellectual Development I would recommend her parents seeking out tutoring in

the areas of school that tiffany seems to be having issues. Also finding a way to
include the subjects that she truly enjoys like history into other subjects. That way
if you get her engaged and excited about the subject it could help improve her
grades.
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PEPSI GRAPH
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REFERENCE PAGE
 Education Psychology Robert E. Slavin 11th edition
 http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114&np=12
2&id=1866#2
 http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/
 . http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/psychology/development-
psychology/physical-cognitive-development-age-12/physical-development-
age-1219
 http://childdevelopmentinfo.com/child-development/erickson/
 http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jde7/ese504/class/pepsi/reading2-1-1.html
 http://teens.lovetoknow.com/Cognitive_Development_in_Adolescence