ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

 The arcuate ligament is not a separate ligament but is a condensation of the fibers of the origin of the
popliteus
 The oblique popliteal ligament is one of the five distal expansions of The semimembranosus.
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 The anterior cruciate ligament inserts on the tibial plateau, medial to the insertion of the anterior horn of
the lateral meniscus in a depressed area anterolateral to the anterior tibial spine.
 The ligament is 31 to 35 mm in length and 31.3 mm2 in cross section.
 The primary blood supply to the ligament is from the middle geniculate artery.
 The posterior articular nerve, a branch of the tibial nerve, innervates the anterior cruciate
ligament.
 The Lachman test is the most sensitive test for anterior tibial displacement (95% sensitivity).
 The pivot-shift test is the most specific test for diagnosing an ACL injury
 the lateral meniscus is more important than the medial meniscus in controlling the pivot-
shift test.
 The pivot shift test requires a relaxed patient and an intact medial collateral ligament.
 The Segond fracture, or avulsion fracture of the lateral capsule, is pathognomonic of an
anterior cruciate ligament tear.
 The lateral meniscus is more commonly injured with the initial ACL injury whereas Most late
meniscal tears occur in the medial meniscus because of its firm attachment to the capsule.