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Information Management
2 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
3
WHY?
– Customer information
– Credit card and other account records
– Personally identifiable information
– Patient records
High volumes of structured data
Easy to access
Verizon has a team that on a yearly basis analyzes risk and breaches in the
digital world, looking for attack trends and pattern changes. Akin to the work we
do with X-Force. For several years they have seen a trend, where the great
majority of records breached came from databases, regardless of the source of
the breach. So we reach a conclusion that databases are a major point of
compromise. This may not be surprising, since here is where we find the most
critical enterprise data worth stealing or violating. And since it is structured, it is
easier to find. This is where Guardium has focused its attention up to now, but
as more and more data gets stored in nosql databases or other nonrelational
databases, Guardium is tackling this problem as well and has an offering for
Hadoop data activity monitoring.
Insider attacks are another particularly big issue when viewed from the
perspective of production databases, because they are unique complex systems
that are generally completely under the control of the DBAs that administer them.
In fact survey of database administers routinely verify that issue; 62% of
organization have no way to control what administrators do with their
organizations most sensitive data; and the majority can’t even detect if
inappropriate activity is taking place.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Native
Database Manual
Logging remediation
Native dispatch
Database and tracking
Logging • Pearl/UNIX Scripts/C++
• Scrape and parse the data
• Move to central repository
Native
Database Create Manual
Logging reports review
Native
Database • Significant labor cost to review data and maintain process
Logging • High performance impact on DBMS from native logging
• Not real time
• Does not meet auditor requirements for Separation of Duties
• Audit trail is not secure
• Inconsistent policies enterprise-wide
4 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
At IBM we’ve been fortunate to consult with hundreds of enterprises world-wide that are seeking to secure
their sensitive databases. Most fall into one of two categories. Either they have no database security
solution in place, or they have attempted to build a “home grown” solution based on native auditing.
Most of the larger enterprises fall in the latter category.
Let’s take a moment to explore how these home grown solutions are built, and why you may not want to go
down that path. These systems are built on the native logging facilities of the databases; which are
turned on to enabling auditing. Since they are distributed, scripts are typically written to scrape those
logs, centralize the information and clean it up. Then reports are written to simplify examination of the
information. On a periodic basis some poor individual examines these logs looking for inappropriate
activity. When an anomaly is identified the individual responsible for that system is contacted, typically
through email, and some manual system; a spreadsheet or database is used to track the incidents and
responses.
This not a very good approach to securing your company’s most valuable assets for a variety of reasons:
1. It is a costly approach, involving significant labor to develop the software and do the manual remediation
discussed.
2. Secondly, many companies can not implement, or sustain the approach due to the overhead incurred
when the native logging facilities are enabled. The overhead typically ranges from 10% to 45% of CPU
cycles.
3. And it is obvious this type of system is not real time. By the time an anomaly is discovered, your
valuable data is long since gone.
4. From a compliance perspective this type of approach is now being challenged by auditors, as it does
not provide the separation of duties they require. Privileged users like DBAs are required to run the
system; they can turn off the native auditing if they want to do something inappropriate, or modify the
centralized logs
5. And of course the whole system is not secure; it can be compromised at many points
6. And last of all, this type of approach does not provide consistent information enterprise wide, as the
underlying audit facilities deliver inconsistent information.
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5
Harden Audit
Assess Empower
users
Outsourced &
Contractor Access
Measure
Results
Challenges
Stay out of
Time to $ the papers…
understanding Where is Unauthorized Security Rising
sensitive data? Changes
Threats Costs
5 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
This chart lays out the goals and challenges that many organizations face when trying to reduc
business goals.
The challenges on the bottom reflect on the fact that many organizations don’t really understan
you effectively protecting it? If a breach occurs, would you have the information you need t
The goals you probably have are to reduce risk, increase protection with a low TCO. You need
Yet data security is a way a moving target. Every time there is a merger or acquisition there is
private data in there as well.
And companies need to be able to deploy outsourced IT resources, including DBAs and devel
Later on in this presentation, you’ll learn about how to use this data security life cycle model to
Enforcement.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
6 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
The focus of this topic is the technology acquired by IBM from Guardium and is
now marketed as two main offerings “InfoSphere Guardium Data Activity
Monitoring and IG Vulnerability Assessment.
InfoSphere Guardium Data Encryption encrypts databases and files “in place”
and avoids the need to re-architect databases, files, or storage networks.
Inserted above the file system and/or logical volume layers, InfoSphere Guardium
Data Encryption is transparent to users, applications, databases and storage
subsystems. It requires no coding, no modification to applications or databases.
http://www.ibm.com/software/data/guardium/encryption-expert/
InfoSphere Guardium Data Redaction protects sensitive data in documents,
forms and files from unintentional disclosure by detecting & removing the data
from the document version openly shared. It supports many document formats,
including scanned documents, PDF, TIFF, XML and Microsoft® Word. Redaction
usually happens as a result of a request, or a need to share select information.
redaction is not a replacement for: Encryption,Proper access control , Secure
document lifecycle management tools Web page:
http://www.ibm.com/software/data/guardium/data-redaction/
Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
7 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
Guardium has the privilege to be a key component in two IBM strategies: First
the InfoSphere Information Governance Strategy, where there is a need to
provide customers with trusted, relevant, and governed data throughout the
information lifecycle. And with the Security Systems framework, where the
protection of sensitive data is ultimately the essence of what enterprises want to
accomplish.
Guardium integrates with and complements IM products, such as InfoSphere
Discovery and Optim Archiving, as well as with Security products like QRadar
and AppScan.
For example, Guardium complements Optim Test Data Management solutions by monitoring sensitive data access in test environments/ It
also can complement Optim Data Growth solutions with the ability to monitor access to both active and inactive (archived) data
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8 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
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In order to protect your information, you first need to understand where your sensitive data live
Database discovery to identify where your databases are located on your network. The agent
Instance discovery (using an agent) is only with DAM. "Instance Discovery" requires an agent
STAP. This is why this discovery needs an agent.
Sensitive data finder - Guardium can locate databases via network IP scan and open database
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression) to locate matching patterns. e.g. Creditca
database. Actions can then be taken AUTOMATICALLY; e.g. log a policy violation, send a
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Actions
a. alert (real time alert and log policy violation) This is useful especially when you run sensitiv
b. The adding of object to a group enables the system to automatically update the real-time s
policy that references this group will be updated next time it’s installed. You can install and
c. The adding of an object to group also allows the system toautomatically update the complia
are aware of the new sensitive data and can take appropriate administrative actions.
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Here’s an example of a realtime alert from the classification policy that indicates sensitive data
In Oracle when you delete a table it gets into a temp table until it’s permanently purged.
That just shows that you can have sensitive data lying around in temp tables.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Overall score
Are you
making
Detailed progress?
scoring matrix
Recommendations
on how to fix the
failure
Assessment tests give you information to help you correct failures and to show
improvement over time. You can also create your own tests. A query based test
is either a pre-defined or user-defined test that can be quickly and easy created
by defining or modifying a SQL query, which will be run against database
datasource and results compared to a predefined test value. See backup slides
for an example. Once you've established a good VA score, you know your
configuration is in good shape and you want to "lock down" the system by
installing the Guardium Configuration Audit System (CAS) module, that will alert
you on any change in configuration, file permissions, environment variables, etc."
-- and it is part of the VA Advanced, which makes it a natural next-step for VA.
CAS Tracks all changes that can affect the security of database environments
outside the scope of the database engine
• Tracks changes to database configuration files and other external objects that
can affect your database security posture, such as ––Environment/registry
variables, ––Configuration files (e.g. SQLNET.ORA, NAMES.ORA), ––Shell
scripts, ––OS files, ––Executables such as Java programs
• Required for all governance and risk management implementations
• Implements security best practices with no administrator work
CAS is a light-weight agent that runs on the server where database instances
are installed. CAS monitors all changes to various constructs, including changes
to files, file ownership and permission definitions, registry values, environment
variables, and database structures. It will then poll these constructs based on a
set of periods defined by the user and, if there are any changes, it will notify the
InfoSphere Guardium server precisely which element was changed, what the
new value is (versus the old value), etc. CAS works from a template that defines
what to monitor. The InfoSphere Guardium system includes a set of predefined
templates that define the best practices for monitoring in several different 14
The PCI and SOX accelerators are included with your DAM standard edition license as of V9.
They are still a separate download patch and install but will likely be incorporated into the base produc
To see the PCI tabs, you need to be a user with the PCI role as assigned by the Access Manager of your
The accelerators provide you with out of the box reports and predefined group definitions (you can pop
Keep an eye on developerWorks – there will be an article on using the PCI accelerator sometime in 1H
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EmployeeTable
SELECT
Application Database
Server Server
10.10.9.244 10.10.9.56
Heterogeneous
support including
System z and
IBM i data servers
Example of detecting access to the database server from someone using the App
Server credentials.
Alerting is one of the options you have for policy rules. You can set up pretty fine-
grained rules. Alerts can be sent to email, syslog and/or to a SIEM system such
as QRAdar. They will also appear on the Incident Management tab of the
Guardium UI. Be careful about how yo uset the Action – Alert per match could
end up sending a lot of emails to someone depending on the type of SQL
statement.
Notes:
The most common type of exception rule created is to alert on x number of failed
login attempts within x minutes; for example 3 failed login attempts within 5
minutes.
To create this alert, create a new exception rule as follows:
•Action = Alert Per Match
•Minimum Count = 3
•Reset Interval = 5
•Excpt. Type = LOGIN_FAILED
•DB User = . <period>. Placing a period in DB User causes to the system to
place a counter on DB User, so that you will only receive an alert the same user
attempts to login three times with in five minutes. Otherwise, it will alert
whenever there are three failed logins from any three users within five minutes,
which could result in a great deal of false positives.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Application Servers
SQL
Privileged
Users Oracle, DB2,
Issue SQL MySQL, Sybase,
etc.
S-GATE
S-GATE
Hold SQL
Check Policy
On Appliance
Policy Violation:
Drop Connection
Session Terminated
17 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Configurable behavior to block access for example of privileged users on sensitive data.
Guardium solution works across multiple different database types and does not rely on an
appliance between the App Server and database to do this. No impact to the legitimate
Application Server traffic.
SGATE – an extension of the S-TAP Agent resides at the kernel level on the Database Server. S-
GATE can look for Privileged User access specifically and hold only this traffic for validation
Guardium will hold the transaction – do an analysis – and allow it only if it doesn’t violate a policy.
If the Privileged User violates a policy – Guardium can block this and report or alert on the
violation.
Other solutions that rely on using an inline apliance, would add latency to the application traffi and
would not be able to block a user at the database console – it can’t block local
access.
Using this reqiures you configure the guard_tap.ini file and create a policy rule
Here’s part of guard_tap.ini.
firewall_default_state=0
firewall_fail_close=0
firewall_force_unwatch=NULL
firewall_force_watch=NULL
firewall_installed=1
firewall_timeout=10
For more detail on using S-GATE for blocking: See the Guardium “Protect” Help book.
Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
It’s critical to keep private data private, and that includes keeping it private from
authorized users such as DBAs.
Guardium can mask data using a single solution across multiple database types.
Redaction (Scrub) rules should be set on the session level (meaning, trigger rules
on session attributes like IPs, Users, etc), not on the SQL level / attributes (like -
OBJECT_NAME or VERB), because if you set the scrub rule on the SQL that
needs to be scrubbed it probably will take a few miliseconds for the scrub
instructions to make it to the S-TAP where some results may go though
unmasked. To guarantee all SQL is scrubbed, set the S-TAP (S-GATE) default
mode to "attach"for all sessions (in guard_tap.ini). This will guarantee that no
command goes through without being inspected by the rules engine and holding
each request and waiting for the policy's verdict on the request. This deployment
will introduce some latency but this is the way to ensure 100% scrubbed data.
For more information, see the Guardium “Protect” Help Book.
Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Metadata
Modified: 8/15/02 3nSJis*jmSL Modified: 8/15/02
Entitlement reviews are the process of validating and ensuring that users only
have the privileges required to perform their duties. Along with authenticating
users and restricting role-based access privileges to data,even for the most
privileged database users, there is a need to periodically perform entitlement
reviews, the process of validating and ensuring that users only have the
privileges required to perform their duties. This is also known as database user
rights attestation reporting.
Use Guardium’s predefined database entitlement (privilege) reports (for example)
to see who has system privileges and who has granted these privileges to other
users and roles. Database entitlement reports are important for auditors tracking
changes to database access and to ensure that security holes do not exist from
lingering accounts or ill-granted privileges.Custom database entitlement reports
have been created to save configuration time and facilitate the uploading and
reporting of data. Entitlement reports for DB2 for z/OS are also provided.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Here’s an Oracle report. And alisting for all the databases for which entitlement
reporting is supported. Remember, you need VA Advanced or thiswill not appear
in your console.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
One thing all auditors are going to want to see is a process that ensures all
incidents are investigated and remediated. InfoSphere Guardium is
unique in providing an integrated compliance workflow automation
application that automates the process of ensuring all incidents are
addressed; which reduces your operational costs while quickly providing
the audit trail required for compliance.
The compliance workflow tool gives you the flexibility to define unique
custom processes for their different organizations or efforts, for example a
different escalation or review steps for different parts of the organization to
ensure checks and balances. In this example, we are using this workflow
process to ensure review and approval of new database connections. It
needs to be routed from the businessd owner, through information security
and then to the Guardium Admin who can actually move the new
connections to the “approved connections” group.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Reviewer can
add comments.
You can add your comments and sign results when routed to you.
Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Four
connections
added to
group
© 2013 IBM Corporation
Now that our 4 connections have been approved, the Guardium Administrator
can move them into a group of ‘Authorized’ connections directly from the
‘unauthorized connections’ report. This is done by invoking the
“create_member_to_group_by_desc” API directly from the report as shown here.
Select the connections to add and, voila!, they are added to the authorized group
and should no longer appear in the unauthorized connection report.
Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
28 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
2
9
29 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
The Guardium appliance is hardened, by which we mean that there is no root access allowed to the data stored there.
The heavy duty lifting of parsing and logging data traffic is done there. The appliance is easily deployable
Once setup, the Collector can gather all the audit information in a normalized format (like an SIEM for DBs). The Vulnerability Assessment tool will scan these DBs and DB Servers for needed patches
or configuration hardening, based on periodically updated vulnerability templates.
STAP Agents are very lightweight. They require nochanges to the Database or Applications. Collectors (appliance) handle the heavy lifting (parsing, logging,
etc) to reduce the impact on the database server. They are OS-specific (aka Linux, Windows) The S-TAP is listening for network packets between the db client and
the db server. The Guardium Admin configures each S-TAPto listen to the correct database ports and to interpret the specific type of database that Guardium needs
to listen for. These configurations are called ‘inspection engines’. There is also an automatic discovery process to do the db discovery for you and configure the
inspection engines with the correct ports. The S-TAPS Monitor ALL Access via network (TCP) or local connections (Bequeath, Shared memory, named pipes, etc). A
Privileged User working on the server console won’t be detected by any solution that only monitors network traffic, so be careful of SPAN port solutions only.
The GUI is a web-based and is out of the box customized for different roles such as PCI auditor. It’s also quite customizable with the ability add and delete portlets for specific functions. Those
customizations can be rolled out to others.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Database Server
Activity from the DB client Activity from the DB
to the DB server Server to the DB Client
Database Client
30 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
Once STAP has been installed and the inspection engines configured, STAP will start forwarding all
database traffic to the collector. This traffic is analyzed, parsed, and logged by the sniffer process
on the collector, as follows:
Traffic sent by STAP
Database Client -> Database Server
•Client/server network connections
•Sessions (logins/logouts)
•SQL requests (commands)
Joe Select
Joe Database
SQL Columns/Fields
Client Objects
Select name, cardid name
How do you get access from Creditcard Creditcard cardid
to this information?
31 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
Here’s a simple example to illustrate the flow of a select statement. Remember, we learned that
from the client to the server, we will pass on not just the ‘command’ (the Select statement in the
above example) but relevant about the client/server network connection (client IP, server IP etc) and
the session information (login, logout). This process does not introduce latency for the database
server – it is completely unintrusive.
The Analysis Engine (colloquially known as ‘sniffer’) will parse the information and store it in the
internal Guardium repository on the hardened appliance. There is no direct access to this data- you
have to go to go through UI or API to run reports or set u palerts etc to make use of that data. As
you will see in the next slide, the data is externalized as domains, entities and attributes, not usually
the direct table names.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Reports/Query Builder
Entities and Attributes
Query builder for reports
Read Only
Hardened Repository
(no direct access)
Sessions Commands Exceptions
Returned Entities and
Data
attributes
SQL Columns/Fields
Objects
Parsed, analyzed,
logged in repository
Traffic is filtered at
Network Packet different stages
1.1.1.1 23345 10.12.1.12 1433 select name, cardid from Creditcard; based on policy
rules
32 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
Policy rules determine where filtering occurs between the S-TAP and the time it gets logged. There
are some filters that happen at the S-TAP level which can help reduce the traffic sent to the
appliance.
Network Information
Filter client/Server IP
Filter TCP ports
Now that the audit data is in the repository of the hardened collector, how do you get at it.. ? There
are many out of the box reports, but it’s good to have an understanding of how those reports are
created so you can really take advantage of the stored audit data for your own needs.
The audit data is represented in the Guardium system as a collection of domains, with appropriate
entities and attributes associated with that domain. (The Appendices Help book includes more
details about this.) Each Guardium role typically has access to a subset of domains, depending on
the function of that role within the company. Guardium admin role users typically have access to all
reporting domains.
This slide shows use of the query builder for creating reports and how the entities and attributes
appear on the builder.
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33 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
Notes:
To access the Policy Builder:
•As a user with the admin role go to Tools -> Policy Builder
•As a user with the user role go to Protect-> Security Policies -> Policy builder
Note:
For a policy, or any changes to a policy, to take effect, it must be installed.
To install a policy:
•Go to the Administration Console, Policy Installation
•Highlight the policy that you would to install and choose Install from the drop down list
If the groups contained within the policy are updated regularly, the installation should be scheduled
by clicking Modify Schedule to open the general-purpose scheduling utility. For example, if you
are using ‘Populate from Query’ to update a group of privileged users nightly, the policy should be
scheduled to be reinstalled after the group update.
More than one installed policy is permitted at the same time. All installed policies are available for
action and are run sequentially. The only limitation is that policies defined as selective audit policies
can not be mixed with polices not defined as selective audit policies. If trying to mix policies, an
error message will result when installing these mixed policies. The order of appearance can be
controlled during the policy installation, such as first, last or somewhere in between. But the order of
appearance can not be edited at a later date.
Remember –The policy must be installed after any modifications (such as new or changed
rules) for the changes to take effect. You would use install&override option on the
installation.
2
SQL Query 1
Database Server
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
-Access Rules
-Extrusion Rules
-Exception Rules
Each of these types of rules helps security your environment. It’s also helpful to
understand the impact on the system depending on what type of information you
are trying to audit.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
This presentation doesn’t show all the individual rules, but some are included in
the backup slides. This slide highlights a couple of rules that were violated as a
result of the query that returns a credit card number. You can see that the credit
card value is masked in the report.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Quiz question!
Aggregator Aggregator
Collectors
(“Managed units”)
Collectors Collectors
“Aggregation”=Nightly audit
data uploaded from Collectors
Central Manager provides
Built in redundancy for audit “Enterprise Views”
data (collector and aggregator)
39 21 Feb 2013 IBM InfoSphere Guardium Tech Talk © 2013 IBM Corporation
Appliance Types
Collector
Used to collect database activity, analyze it in real time and log it in the internal repository for further analysis and/or
reacting in real-time (alerting, blocking, etc.). Use this unit for the real-time capture and analysis of the database activity.
Aggregator
Used to collect and merge information from multiple appliances (collectors and other aggregators) to produce a holistic
view of the entire environment and generate enterprise-level reports. The Aggregator does not collect data itself; it just
aggregates data from multiple sources.
Central Manager
Use this Appliance to manage and control multiple Guardium appliances.With Central Manager (CM), manage the entire
Guardium deployment (all the collectors and aggregators) from a single console (the CM console). This includes patch
installation, software updates and the management and configuration of queries, reports, groups, users, policies, etc.
Note:
In many environments, the Central Manager is also the Aggregator. Central Manager and Aggregator can be installed on
the same appliance.
Hierarchical Aggregation
Guardium also supports hierarchical aggregation, where multiple aggregation appliances merge upwards to a higher-
level, central aggregation appliance. This is useful for multi-level views. For example, you may need to deploy one
aggregation appliance for North America aggregating multiple units, another aggregation appliance for Asia aggregating
multiple units, and a central, global aggregation appliance merging the contents of the North America and Asia
aggregation appliances into a single corporate view. To consolidate data, all aggregated Guardium servers export data to
the aggregation appliance on a scheduled basis. The aggregation appliance imports that data into a single database on
the aggregation appliance, so that reports run on the aggregation appliance are based on the data consolidated from all
of the aggregated Guardium servers.
Aggregation Process
v Accomplished by exporting data on a daily basis from the source appliances to the Aggregator (copying daily export
files to the aggregator).
v Aggregator then goes over the uploaded files, extracts each file and merges it into the internal repository on the
aggregator.
For example, if you are running Guardium in an enterprise deployment, you may have multiple Guardium servers
monitoring different environments (different
geographic locations or business units, for example). It may be useful to collect all data in a central location to facilitate
an enterprise view of database usage. You can accomplish this by exporting data from a number of servers to another
server that has been configured (during the initial installation procedures) as an aggregation appliance. In such a
deployment, you typically run all reports, assessments, audit processes, and so forth, on the aggregation appliance to
achieve a wider view, not always an enterprise view.
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Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
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Once you have a Central Manager, you must connect the other machines into a
Central Management system. For security reasons, it is a requirement that the
communication between the machines be encrypted using the same "shared
secret".
To do this, do the following:
1. For each machine (including the Central Manager), log into the Guardium GUI
as the admin user
2. Click on the Administrator Console tab
3. Click on the System link in the left hand column menu
4. Set the Shared Secret to the same string on all systems
Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Install Policy
Patch Distribution
Registration
etc
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Here you can see the collectors that are connected in this central management
system.
From here, you can install policies, distribute patches, etc.
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Here are reports that you can see to help manage the health of your central
management system. The TAP Monitor tab is where administratos can access S-
TAP reports
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The "Detailed Enterprise S-TAP view" shows, from the Central Manager,
information on all active and passive S-TAPs on all collectors and/or managed
units.
Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Integration with:
•LDAP
•SIEM
•Change Mgt
•Archiving
•and more…
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Guardium is designed to handle scalability and cross-geographical deployments. We talked about how the aggregators
and central managers can help you scale out and scale up. Here’s how it could look in a large distributed environment.
Multiple STAPs and Collectors as needed to handle monitoring and auditing requirements for those
systems
SGATE – blocking for only the traffic you need to block!
STAP for Z – monitoring MainFrames as well as Distributed platforms – roll those results up into your
enteprise reports.
Centralized Policy Management
Centralized Audit Repository
Scalable
Auditing millions of transactions
Add Collectors when and where needed to handle whatever throughput and auditing requirements
you need
STAP Agents provide failover and redundancy options as we will talk about in the next slide.
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2. Failover
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In many cases only a single Guardium appliance will be defined as the host for
an S-TAP. Additional hosts can be defined to provide a fail over and load
balancing capability.
Failover.
S-TAP collects and sends data to a Guardium host in near real time. S-TAP
buffers the data, so that it can continue to work if the Guardium host is
momentarily
unavailable. If the primary host is unavailable for an extended period of time (time
can be shorter if the buffer is filling up), S-TAP can fail over to a secondary
Guardium host. It will continue to send data to the secondary host until either that
appliance becomes unavailable, until the S-TAP is restarted or a connection to
the primary server has been reestablished and remains up for a period of
5*connection_timeout_sec seconds.
(configurable in guard_tap.ini file, default is 60 seconds). In this case STAP will
fail over from secondary Guardium host back to Primary Guardium host.
When a failover of S-TAP occurs, session information can also be sent over to
the current active Guardium host.
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Same
collector
settings
2. Failover 4. Grid for all
s-taps
sqlguard_ip=virtual IP
sqlguard_port=16016
primary=1
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3. There are optoins for load balancing you can set in the s-
tap configuration file.
(Participate_load_balancing=)
0 = Report all traffic to a single appliance (the default).
1 = Load balancing; distribute sessions evenly to all appliances, by client port
number (all traffic for a single session must go to the same appliance).
2 = Full redundancy; report all traffic to all appliances.
3 = In an IP load balancer environment, if the Guardium appliance goes down,
allows the IP load balancer to reconnect S-TAP to a different Guardium
appliance/collector) – see Grid slide next.
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Same
collector
settings
2. Failover 4. Grid for all
s-taps
sqlguard_ip=virtual IP
sqlguard_port=16016
primary=1
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Grid: Elasticity for supporting large deployments - Simplify configuration management for STAPs to a primary Virtual IP
and a secondary, etc Virtual IP. Benefits: Better uptime, easier scalability, less configuration complexity and less chance
of lost S-Tap data.
Tested with Cisco and F5. Seamlessly add audit capacity when adding/changing your database infrastructure such as during
Enterprise deployments / upgrades
Automate the relationship between STAPs and the Collectors - Add or remove collectors with no effect on the deployment.
Simply and consistently configure STAPs.
Provide a high degree of failover and load balancing.
From a capacity management perspective, add resources, monitor infrastructure, adjust capacity as needed (or when something fails ☺)
The main value is connection balancing. Guardium S-Tap is a long lived connection. When the
initial connection setup happens, the F5 BIG-IP or other load balancer will direct the connection to
the least loaded Guardium host. The load balancer will at connection setup time, choose the least
loaded Guardium server based on connections.. The other benefits of this solution are that the BIG-
IP or other supported load balancer will detect an outage, take that Guardium Appliance out of
service and then send a TCP reset which will force a new connection. All of this happens without
the intervention of an administrator.
A final benefit is that the configuration complexity is reduced. Instead of mapping the IP addresses of
multiple Guardium hosts in the appropriate .INI file, only the Virtual IP address is included, load balancer
does the rest.
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Quiz question!
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These may vary, and in some situations a single person may perform multiple roles, but each role will have tasks to
perform.
Application Advisor
This will be an Application developer that will be the contact point for issue relating to applications.
This person will have the following responsibilities:
Helps identify sensitive objects (tables, views, procedures, etc.) in the databases.
Provide application understanding of different application users
Receive application alerts if defined.
Review error reports from application standpoint.
Review application access reports for discrepancies.
Compliance Advisor
This will be an auditor responsible for database activity compliance. This person will have the following responsibilities:
Identify the required reports for compliance.
Ensure reports are distributed and signed off on a regular basis.
Receive compliance alerts if defined.
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0.
0. Education
Education and
and 1.
1. Installation
Installation 2.
2. Appliance
Appliance
training
training Planning
Planning Installation
Installation
3.
3. S-TAP
S-TAP agent
agent 4.
4. Monitoring
Monitoring 5.
5. Guardium
Guardium
Installation
Installation Requirements
Requirements Operations
Operations
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1. Installation Planning
Analyze Requirements
Identify Database servers in scope
Data centers, locations and network considerations
Installation of the appliances (process, steps and requirements)
Basic configuration of the appliances
Deployment plan of the Guardium appliances
Installation of the S-TAP (process, steps and requirements)
Basic configuration of the STAP
Appliance Installation
Setup of Reports
Setup of automated Audit process
Setup of Policy rules based on the “Monitoring Plan
Alerting processes and procedures
Guardium Operations
Aggregation
Archiving 51
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Portlets
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Users access the appliance over a secure (HTTPS) connection, using a Web
browser. All users are defined on the system by the access manager.
The Guardium UI is web-based and includes many configurable portlets,, a few of
which are highlighted above. A portlet can be a report, application, or tool. Each
pane may contain any number of report portlets, and a single application or tool
portlet. Note you can often double click on a report to drill down into further detail.
When you log in for the first time, your portal displays with a layout determined by
the roles that the access manager has assigned to your user account. Although
the access manager controls the initial layout, you can customize your layout
easily, changing the panes displayed and the placement of portlets on each
pane. The upper right contains the icons for searching the UI, mapping the
portlets and the help system.
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Portlets
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This user application permits a quick start to the Guardium solution. Based on a
profile (one profile per user), this application generates a policy (and installs it),
an assessment, and defines an audit process.
Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Double-click for
detailed reports
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This high-level management report shows a snapshot of the current state of the
Guardium system in terms of three areas that matter most: Governance, Risk,
and Compliance (GRC). There are 16 speedometer views. Each has a title and a
tool tip explaining what it reports on. Double-clicking on the view produces a drill-
down tabular report with full details. The view is organized as a heatmap.
Black color within the speedo view indicates that there is underlying data
that can be accessed by double-clicking on the view. White color within the
speedo view indicates that there is no underlying data available.
Compliance, there are two rows - the first for the database environment and the
second for the appliance (for example, whether data is being backed up or not).
A proper Governance strategy implements systems to monitor and record current
business activity, takes steps to ensure compliance with agreed policies, and
provides for corrective action in cases where the rules have been ignored or
misconstrued. Risk Management is the process by which an organization sets the
risk tolerance, identifies potential risks and prioritizes the tolerance for risk based
on the organization’s business objectives. Compliance is the process that records
and
monitors the policies, procedures and controls needed to enable compliance with
legislative or industry mandates as well as internal policies.
Information Management – InfoSphere Guardium
Create policies,
alerts and see policy
violations
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Tip: Use Portal Map or Portal Search to quickly find what you need
Map
Search
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Help System
The Appendices
Help book has
useful reference
info such as APIs,
entities and
attributes, etc
Download a
help pdf for
offline reading
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Double-click
for tabular
report
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GuardAPIs are documented in the Appendices help book or from the Cli
–To see a list of all grdapi commands, enter:
CLI> grdapi
–To see the parameters for a particular command:
CLI> grdapi list_entry_location --help=true
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The Guardium command line interface (CLI) is an administrative tool that allows for configuration,
troubleshooting, and management of the Guardium system.
Access to the CLI is either through the admin CLI account cli or one of the five CLI accounts
(guardcli1,...,guardcli5). The five CLI accounts exist to aid in the separation of administrative
duties. Access to the GuardAPI, which is a set of CLI commands to aid in the automation of
repetitive tasks, requires the creation of a user by access manager and giving those accounts
either the admin or cli role. Proper login to the CLI for the purpose of using GuardAPI requires the
login with one of the five CLI accounts (guardcli1,...,guardcli5) and an additional login with guiuser
by issuing the 'set guiuser' command.
For information about creating a user with CLI authority, see this ‘how to’ in the Information Center
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/igsec/v1/topic/com.ibm.guardium.using.d
oc/topics/how-to-create-a-user-with-the-proper-entitlements-to-login-to-cli.html
To list all GuardAPI commands available, enter the grdapi command with no arguments or use the
'grdapi commands' command with no search argument.
For example:
CLI> grdapi
To display the parameters for a particular command, enter the command
followed by '--help=true'. For example:
CLI> grdapi list_entry_location --help=true
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Invoke API
to add
member to
This example shows how you can use group
the API to add an ‘authorized’
MapReduce job to a group so it won’t
appear in this report anymore.
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Upon completion of the 000-463 certification, you will become an IBM Certified
Guardium Specialist (http://www-03.ibm.com/certify/certs/28000701.shtml).
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Link to more information about this and upcoming tech talks can be found on the InfoSpere
Guardium developerWorks community: http://ibm.co/Wh9x0o
Please submit a comment on this page for ideas for tech talk topics.
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Dziękuję
Polish
Traditional Chinese
Thai
Gracias Spanish
Merci
French
Russian
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Obrigado
Brazilian Portuguese
Danke
German
Tack
Swedish
Simplified Chinese
Japanese
Grazie
Italian
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Backup
Information Management
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Joe Marc
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Native Auditing solutions and logging tools, don’t show this depth
Track access back to the application user associated with a specific command
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Is this
normal?
What exactly
did Joe see?
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Another Example
Knowing what was breached and to what extent is what we’re looking for!
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Linux
2. He switches to
the Oracle
shell account
3. Logs into
Oracle as
system
4. Gives himself a
big bonus! What InfoSphere Guardium shows you:
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Native database logging/auditing & SIEM tools can't capture OS user information
Other database monitoring solutions only provide OS shell account that was used
Do you have Privileged Users that use both generic DB accounts as well as generic OS
accounts?
In many companies, users login with their OS account and then switch to a shell account that has
the needed environment to access the database.
Other monitoring solutions can only show you the OS shell account that was used!
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