PHLO 1 – FIRST LONG EXAM

I. Definitions of Philosophy 2. Hellenistic and Roman

A. Etymology Philosophers
1. philos a) Cynicism
2. sophia (1) Diogenes
B. Philosophy as a Discipline b) Epicureanism
1. Philosophy is the love of (1) Epicurus
Wisdom c) Stoicism
2. Philosophy is Way of Life (1) Epictetus
3. Philosophy is a method of (2) Seneca
(3) Marcus Aurelius
Critical Thinking
C. Medieval
4. Philosophy is a way to
1. The Patristic Period
understand the World
a) Saint Augustine of
5. Philosophy is futile
Hippo
b) Saint Anselm of
II. Historical Periods Canterbury
A. Pre-Socratic c) Averroes
1. The Milesians d) Moises Maimonedes
a) Thales 2. The Scholastic Period
b) Anaximander a) Saint Thomas Aquinas
c) Anaximenes b) William of Ockham
2. Pythagoreans
a) Pythagoras D. Modern
3. Ephesians 1. Early Modern
a) Heraclitus a) Rationalists
4. The Eleatic School (1) Rene Descartes
a) Parmenides (2) Gottfried
b) Zeno Wilhelm Leibniz
5. The Pluralists (3) Baruch Spinoza
a) Empedocles b) Empiricists
b) Anaxagoras (1) John Locke
6. The Atomists (2) George
a) Leucippus and Berkeley
Democritus
(3) David Hume
(4) Blaise Pascal
B. Ancient
c) Synthesis
1. Athenian Philosophers
a) Sophists (1) Immanuel Kant
(1) Protagoras
(2) Gorgias 2. Post-Kantian Philosophers
(3) Thrasymachus (1) Georg Hegel
(4) Caletcles and (2) Arthur
Critias Schopenhauer
b) The Big Three (3) Soren
(1) Socrates Kierkegaard
(2) Plato (4) Karl Marx
(3) Aristotle (5) Friedrich
Nietzsche
(6) Jeremy
Bentham and John
Stuart Mill

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 3. 20th Century Philosophers I. On Definitions
a) Pragmatism 1. Definition by Synonym
(1) William James 2. Ostensive Definition
(2) John Dewey 3. Reportive Definition
b) Analytic Tradition 4. Stipulative Definition
(1) Bertrand Russel
5. Operational Definition
(2) Ludwig
6. Analytic Definition
Wittgenstein
c) Existentialism a) Definiendum
(1) Jean-Paul Sartre b) Definiens
(2) Albert Camus c) Denotata
J. Sentences vs Statements
III. Five Branches 1. Sentences
A. Epistemology 2. Statements
B. Metaphysics 3. Types of sentences
C. Logic a) Interrogative
D. Ethics b) Imperative
E. Aesthetics c) Exclamatory
d) Expletive
IV. Epistemology and Philosophy of Language e) Declarative
A. Words K. Truth Value of Statements
B. Concepts 1. Principle of Identity
C. Terms 2. Principle of Non-
1. Simple contradiction
2. Complex 3. Principle of Excluded Middle
D. Extension of Concepts L. Three Central Questions in
E. Intension of Concepts Epistemology
F. Essential Property 1. What is the source of
G. Family Resemblances knowledge?
H. Using the Same Language 2. Given the source, what can
1. Meanings of Words be known?
a) Conventional/ 3. How do we validate our
Standard Use knowledge claims?
b) Ambiguous M. Three Types of Knowledge Claims
c) Vague 1. Empirical claims
d) Fallacy of 2. Analytic claims
Equivocation 3. Evaluative claims
e) Cardinal Rule N. Logical Positivism
2. Classification of Concepts O. Three Theories of Truth
a) Empirical 1. Coherence Theory
b) Theoretical 2. Correspondence Theory
c) Dispositional 3. Verification by Inter-
d) Analytic Subjectivity Consensus
e) Evaluative P. Healthy Skepticism
f) Fictitious 1. Known
g) Metaphysical 2. Knowable
3. Intra-Inter Subjectivity Test 3. Unknown

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 PHLO 1 – FIRST LONG EXAM
I. Definitions of Philosophy a) Pythagoras
A. Etymology
1. philos

2. sophia 3. Ephesians

B. Philosophy as a Discipline a) Heraclitus

1. Philosophy is the love of
Wisdom

4. The Eleatic School

2. Philosophy is Way of Life a) Parmenides

3. Philosophy is a method of b) Zeno

Critical Thinking

5. The Pluralists
4. Philosophy is a way to
understand the World
a) Empedocles

5. Philosophy is futile
b) Anaxagoras

II. Historical Periods

A. Pre-Socratic
1. The Milesians 6. The Atomists

a) Thales a) Leucippus and

Democritus

b) Anaximander B. Ancient

1. Athenian Philosophers

c) Anaximenes
a) Sophists
(1) Protagoras

2. Pythagoreans

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 (2) Gorgias (1) Epicurus

(3) Thrasymachus c) Stoicism

(4) Caletcles and (1) Epictetus

Critias

(2) Seneca
b) The Big Three
(1) Socrates

(3) Marcus Aurelius

C. Medieval
(2) Plato 1. The Patristic Period
a) Saint Augustine of
Hippo

(3) Aristotle b) Saint Anselm of

Canterbury

2. Hellenistic and Roman

Philosophers
a) Cynicism c) Averroes

(1) Diogenes

d) Moises Maimonedes
b) Epicureanism

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 2. The Scholastic Period 2. Post-Kantian Philosophers
a) Saint Thomas Aquinas (1) Georg Hegel

b) William of Ockham (2) Arthur

Schopenhauer

D. Modern (3) Soren

1. Early Modern Kierkegaard
a) Rationalists

(1) Rene Descartes

(4) Karl Marx

(2) Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz

(3) Baruch Spinoza (5) Friedrich

Nietzsche
b) Empiricists

(1) John Locke

(6) Jeremy
Bentham and John
(2) George Stuart Mill
Berkeley

(3) David Hume 3. 20th Century Philosophers

a) Pragmatism
(1) William James
(4) Blaise Pascal

c) Synthesis
(1) Immanuel Kant (2) John Dewey

b) Analytic Tradition
(1) Bertrand Russel

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 (2) Ludwig 1. Simple
Wittgenstein

2. Complex
c) Existentialism

(1) Jean-Paul Sartre

D. Extension of Concepts

E. Intension of Concepts
(2) Albert Camus

F. Essential Property

III. Five Branches

A. Epistemology
G. Family Resemblances

B. Metaphysics

H. Using the Same Language

C. Logic 1. Meanings of Words
a) Conventional/ Standard
Use

D. Ethics

b) Ambiguous

E. Aesthetics

IV. Epistemology and Philosophy of Language c) Vague

A. Words

d) Fallacy of Equivocation
B. Concepts
e) Cardinal Rule

C. Terms

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 2. Classification of Concepts 4. Stipulative Definition
a) Empirical

5. Operational Definition

b) Theoretical 6. Analytic Definition

a) Definiendum

c) Dispositional

b) Definiens

d) Analytic

c) Denotata

e) Evaluative

J. Sentences vs Statements

f) Fictitious
1. Sentences

2. Statements
g) Metaphysical

3. Types of sentences
a) Interrogative
3. Intra-Inter Subjectivity Test
b) Imperative

c) Exclamatory
I. On Definitions
1. Definition by Synonym d) Expletive

e) Declarative
2. Ostensive Definition
K. Truth Value of Statements
1. Principle of Identity

3. Reportive Definition

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 2. Principle of Non-contradiction 2. Correspondence Theory

3. Principle of Excluded Middle 3. Verification by Inter-Subjectivity

Consensus

L. Three Central Questions in Epistemology

1. What is the source of P. Healthy Skepticism
knowledge?
2. Given the source, what can be
known?
3. How do we validate our
knowledge claims?
1. Known
2. Knowable
M. Three Types of Knowledge Claims 3. Unknown
1. Empirical claims

2. Analytic claims

3. Evaluative claims

N. Logical Positivism

O. Three Theories of Truth

1. Coherence Theory